Lub qhov rais khau raj thawj tswj: Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Basic ntsiab, uas tsis thiab txoj kev los kho lawv

Niaj hnub no kiag li tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm nrog computers paub hais tias tsis muaj kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system sis ntawm lub tshuab thiab cov neeg siv tsis tau. Nws mus tsis tau hais tias "Operating System" yuav tsum khau raj thawj, tab sis ua ntej koj yuav siv tag nrho nws cov nta. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, thiab feem ntau muaj yog ib lo lus nug hais txog ib feem ntawm lub qhov rais khau raj Nkuaj Nyug. Yuav ua li cas nws yog, peb yuav ua tiag kom koj to taub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm saib ib co ntawm cov feem ntau hom uas tsis muaj peev xwm tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm system startup.

Lub qhov rais khau raj thawj tswj: Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Peb pib nrog cov qauv rau kev. Ua ntej, xav txog lub qhov rais khau raj thawj tswj, lub sij hawm nws tus kheej. Hais tias nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus twv, yog tias koj cia li txhais kab lus no los ntawm lus Askiv mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab - «lub qhov rais khau raj thawj tswj."

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, qhov no system cov kev pab cuam, uas tso cai rau koj mus download tau tag nrho tej yam uas tsim nyog operating system Cheebtsam yuav xyuas kom meej tsis tau tsuas yog nws cov sis raug zoo nrog cov neeg siv los ntawm nws tus kheej interface, tab sis kuj yuav npaj cov lag luam ntawm tag nrho cov "hardware" Cheebtsam los ntawm lawv ua ntej kev qhia kom paub thiab configuration.

Raws li rau lub qhov rais khau raj thawj tswj (Qhov rai 8, 7 los yog 10), xws thas nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm lub IBM PC yog ib tug software muaj nyob rau hauv lub BIOS, thiab kaw nyob rau hauv lub computer system ROM. Kom nws dlaim phaj, cia peb xav txog qhov yooj yim zog downloaders thiab los mus txiav txim nrog yuav ua li cas lawv ua hauj lwm.

Lub ntsiab functions ntawm khau raj thawj tswj lub qhov rais 7, 8, 10

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tsis paub, loading lub operating system tej zaum yuav tsis yeej ib txwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm cov hard disk. Ib tug piv txwv yooj yim tej zaum yuav ib tug network operating system, nyob rau hauv uas lub start-up ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam "OSes" txawm rau terminals uas tsis muaj lawv tus kheej nyuaj drives, yuav ua tau ntawm ib lub zos network, qhov twg lub ntsiab "niam txiv) yog khiav rau ib tug tej thaj chaw deb neeg rau zaub mov.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog lub hom phiaj ntawm lub loader thiab nws cov cuab yeej, peb yuav nco ntsoov tias nws yog thaum uas koj pib koj lub computer tso cai rau koj mus xaiv lub hom kev kawm operating system (yog tias koj muaj ntau yam) ua "hlau" davhlau ya nyob twg tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub xeev, koj yuav tau pib, loads ntsiav ua kev nco (RAM), thiab yog hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub network - nyob rau hauv ib tug ROM ntaus ntawv nqa tawm lub tsim ntawm lub ntsiab tsis muaj lub nucleus, tom qab uas nws kis tau tswj ntawm lub system.

hom downloaders

Niaj hnub no peb paub ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntau ntau yam ntawm download managers operating systems. Piv txwv li, rau network "ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems" nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov rais NT yog NTLDR kev pab cuam (ntsiav loader), ua tau, Qhov rai khau raj thawj tswj (system ntsiav loader, pib nrog Vista, raws li winload.exe thiab bootmgr.exe cov ntaub ntawv), lub LILO (loading system Linux ntsiav), BootX (downloader rau Mac OS X), Txhab tshuab (mas siv rau Solaris tshuab txhawb SPARC), Bootman architecture (rau BeOS saib xyuas), etc.

Thaum peb xav txog lub operating system qhov rais, khau raj thawj tswj (nws yog tej zaum ib tug twb tau me ntsis kom meej) ua num ua ke nrog cov khau raj txheej txheem tsis tsuas yog nyob rau cov kev kho vajtse theem BIOS, tab sis los ntawm thiab system cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, lub load txoj kev ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems nrog lub yeej ntawm ib co ntawm cov yooj yim tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub configuration ntawm ntau paub boot.ini ntaub ntawv (download initializer).

download uas tsis

Tu siab, ntau heev muaj tej yam teeb meem nyob qhov twg lub loader, muab tso rau nws mob me, "yoov". Cov feem ntau yuam kev yog ib qho teeb meem initializing (zaj zoo li lub qhov rais khau raj thawj tswj khau raj ua tsis tau tejyam).

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau lus zoo li BOOTMGR yog compressed los yog BOOTMGR yog uas ploj lawm ntawm lub tswv yim mus pib dua tom qab siv tus txheej txheem thaum lawv tseem Ctrl + Alt + Del.

Tej yam yooj yim txoj kev ntawm kev kho

Tam sim no cia saib dab tsi peb yuav tau ua kom txhim kho tau qhov teeb meem no kom ncaj ncees.

Yog li ntawd, peb muaj cov kev ua yuam kev qhov rais khau raj Manager. Yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj muaj peev xwm siv yooj yim txoj kev mus rau restore lub loader. Nyob rau hauv nws nyuaj daim ntawv no, koj muaj peev xwm tsuas khau raj los ntawm cov installation CD nrog lub system, los yog siv ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub nyob CD.

Ntawm no koj cia li xav tau mus rau lub console thiab xaiv mus pib lub system rov qab , ua raws li los ntawm cov chaw kuaj xyuas. Yog hais tias tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib lub console, xaiv cov khau raj muab faib rov qab. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv particular yog hais tias tus failures yog hais txog mus rau lub software ib feem ntawm nws, thiab tsis nrog lub cev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hard drive, nws yuav pab.

Tej zaum muaj teeb meem yuav tshwm sim vim lub fact tias cov system tsav tau compressed kom tseg tau chaw, uas tsis feem ntau pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tom qab booting los ntawm lub Live CD ntawm tib mus nyob rau hauv lub "Explorer", thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov system muab faib tshem tawm cov "noog" nrog rau cov compression parameter, thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub console ntawv qhia zaub mov, xaiv kom ua txhob, thiab ces yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau ob peb commands nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus.

Yog hais tias lub system disk yog cim los ntawm tsab ntawv «C», qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsum tau raws li nram no: c:, ces nthuav bootmgr temp, ces attrib bootmgr -s -R -h, yog tam sim no del bootmgr, thiab lwm yam cov temp bootmgr thiab thaum kawg attrib bootmgr piv + s + r + h.

Tom qab txhua tus hais kom ua, raws li yog twb ntshiab, xovxwm sau. cov kev ua ntawm cov commands tau tsis pom hais rau tus zoo tib yam cov neeg siv, raws li lawv hais tias, cia li tsis download tau lub hlwb. Nws yog txaus hais tias lawv ua hauj lwm thiab rov qab kho cov khau raj loader.

Yog hais tias qhov no tsis ua hauj lwm, siv drastic txoj kev raws li cov lus txib bootrec.exe / FixMbr, bootrec.exe / FixBoot thiab bootrec.exe / RebuildBcd. Tab sis qhov no txoj kev yog zoo tshaj plaws tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias tag nrho cov saum toj no tsis ua hauj lwm.

xaus

Hais tias yog tag nrho hais tias koj yuav qhia rau peb heev luv luv hais txog dab tsi yog qhov rais khau raj Manager. Hais tias yog, tus nyeem ntawv muaj tseeb los ua tseeb tom qab nyeem ntawv cov khoom. Lawm, teeb meem thiab tsis, raws li zoo raws li txoj kev ntawm txoj kev kho lawv, tej zaum yuav ntau dua li tau piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tiam sis, nws yog feem ntau piav. Thaum kawg kuv xav kom nws kos cov xim uas cov neeg siv nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd hais tias yog hais tias, txawm yog vim li cas, cov khau raj thaj tsam ntawm lub hard drive tau corrupted los yog deleted system nplaub tshev "OSes" (yog, raws li thiab thiaj li nyob), nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tsis muaj ntawm cov saum toj no txoj kev yuav pab tsis tau. Koj yuav yog muaj mus ntsuam xyuas lub hard drive, los yog reinstall lub system dua.