Lub qhov siab ntawm cov stairs: GOST. Muab xam los cov kauj ruam me me thiab nqes hav sib ntaus ntawm stairs

Staircase tsim, nws cov tsos, yooj yim thiab kev ruaj ntseg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tej lub tsev. Successful ntaiv tsim tsub kom lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev nplij siab theem ntawm cov neeg uas yuav siv nws nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab kuj muaj feem xyuam rau cov theem ntawm ergonomics ntawm chav tsev. Muab qhov tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho, kev tswj nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj raug yuav luag tag nrho nws cov ntsiab: ntsua kev ntev thiab dav, qhov luaj li cas Certificate, tus naj npawb thiab qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm stairs (GOST SNP).

Raws sij hawm xam tsis

Cov yooj yim qhov ntev ntawm lub stair qauv yog xam nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm peb tes num nyob rau hauv tsev. Lub dav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm lub staircase tso cai builders los mus laij lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis muaj lub neej yav tom ntej lub tsev.

Feem ntau thaum tsim staircases project coj los ntawm tus siv cov kev cai thiab cov kev xav ntawm lub tsev tus tswv tsev. Tsim Nyog administrative seev tswj thiab kev tsim thiab kho kev ua hauj lwm tsim nyog. Tom qab nqus ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj, ciav lub tswv yim ntaiv - yog ib nrab ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua. Tus tsim yuav tsum muaj kev haumxeeb, txhim khu kev qha, yooj yim thiab ruaj ntseg.

Tshwj xeeb yog nyob ze mloog yog yuav tsum tau stairs nyob rau hauv vaj tse ntawm pej xeem lub hom phiaj los yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Raws li nws yog tswj los ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm stairs

Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov qauv, cov kev cai thiab cov kev tswj, nyob rau hauv raws li uas yuav tsum tau ua tag nrho cov stairs - GOST thiab SNIP.

Muaj GOST 8717.1-84 thiab 8717.0-84 rau stairs ua kev ua vaj tse thiab ua kev reinforced. Cov yav tas daim ntawv kuj siv rau ladders, ua los ntawm cov hlau Siv.

Ib txhia ntawm lawv cov khoom piav txog nws, dab tsi qhov siab yuav tsum marches, ntau kauj ruam lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau thiab siab npaum li cas lawv yuav tsum tau ua li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd qhia txog lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov sib ntaus ntawm stairs txheej txheem, Dav thiab hom fencing.

Ib txhia qhov ntev muaj qhia nrog kev tseem ceeb, lwm leej lwm tus sawv cev rau ib tug ntau tsis pub dhau uas tus tswv builders yuav xaiv haum rau lawv cov xov tooj.

Dab tsi "pom nqes hav ntawm lub stairs?"

Lub kaum uas cov staircase yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib lub private lub tsev siv, multi-storey chav tsev los yog pej xeem lub hom phiaj - nws yog pom zoo qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kaum sab xis yog 20 degrees, lub siab tshaj plaws - 50 degrees.

Me angle ntawd hais tias tus ntaiv uas tsis muaj, hais tias yog, nws yog tiaj tus. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, rau tej kauj ruam yog heev yooj yim mus tsa thiab txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ntog, tab sis xws li ib tug qauv yog tau ob peb lub sij hawm ntev thiab yuav siv sij hawm li ntau ntau qhov chaw. Feem ntau designers hu tus tswv kom txuag tau tus qhov chaw nyob los ntawm kev txo qhov ntev ntawm tus ntaiv. GOST tsim lub siab tshaj plaws kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm 50 degrees, raws li ib tug ntxhab nce qib zoo rau tib neeg.

Txawm li cas los, muaj kev zam, xws li cov installation ntawm stairs mus rau saum nthab thiab cellars. Muaj ntxhab stairs vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov tsis ntau siv thiab qhov chaw xyuas yuav daws tau.

Lub pom (rau ib tug private lub tsev) yog xav tau ib tug sib ntaus ntawm stairs, inclined ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30-35 degrees. Qhov no ntau yam ntawm indicators sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub ntuj rhythms ntawm tus tib neeg lub zog.

Yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib qhov project

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tsis rau tus ntaiv no yog:

1. Lub qhov siab ntawm txhua tus hauv pem teb.
2. Common qhov chaw ntawm lub sab hauv.
3. Layout ntawm lub qhov rais, qhov rooj thiab qhib apertures.
4. Tus duab thiab cov nta ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv chav (niches, ledges).

Cov ntaub ntawv no, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev siv kos duab, los ntawm lub fact dab tsi yuav tsum muaj qhov siab qhov ntawm lub stairs, qhua yuav kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov nuj nqis ua nws tau mus pom dab tsi yuav tsum yog tus tag nrho qhov siab ntaiv marches ntev, tus naj npawb thiab qhov luaj li cas ntawm teb platforms.

Lub hav zoov ntawm lub teeb tsis tsis txhais hais tias tus ntaiv yog tsis tsim nyog los suav rau. Cov tej yaam num yog tsim nyog, txij thaum lub kawg loj yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb (ladders thiab fencing khoom ntawm kev siv thiab ua, lub hom xov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv rau sab hauv).

qhov siab ntawm lub stairs (GOST) Yuav ua li cas koj xam?

Lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm theem yuav, nyob rau hauv lawv qhov siab, thiab qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Standards txhais administrative cov ntaub ntawv - GOST thiab SNIP. Lub qhov siab ntawm tus ntaiv kauj ruam yuav tsum yog los ntawm 12 cm mus 22 cm. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib tug nqaij ntawd luaj li cas muaj feem xyuam rau mounting qauv thiab nws cov hom phiaj. Rau cov neeg stairs, uas sai thiab yog feem ntau siv, nws yog pom zoo kom xaiv ib tug nqi ntawm txog 14,5-17,5 cm.

Hais txog ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub tsuj taw (lub kab rov tav dav hlau uas tus neeg mus taug kev) yuav tsum qhia kom meej nws pom tus nqi: lub tso cai ntau yog los ntawm 25 cm mus 40 cm, txawm li cas los, feem ntau yooj yim pom tau hais tias theem, dav 30-37 cm ..

Tus cim asterisk tso qab cov qhov tseem ceeb ua lub luaj li cas ntawm qhov nruab nrab tib neeg ko taw, thiab kuj nws dav kauj ruam. Yog hais tias yog vim li cas muaj peev xwm tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pom tsis los yog ladders npaj sib txawv tsis pub tso kawm cov kauj ruam xws ntev project developers los txo qhov tob ntawm 14.5 cm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv muab ib tug protrusion tsub kom lub qhov tob los ntawm ob los yog peb centimeters (khuam kauj ruam).

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug riser thiab dab tsi yuav tsum yuav nws siab

Qhov siab degrees txhua tus ntaiv nyob rau qhov luaj li cas thiab thickness ntawm lub riser nws tus kheej tsis nyob ntev. Hu ntsug riser neeg pov tseg ntawm ob tug tsuj taw.

Raws li twb tau sau tseg, tus txheej txheem siab ntawm qhov stairs yog 14,5-17,5 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov tsis muaj lub xam txheej txheem muaj xws li ib tug yuav tsum check rau kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb. Ua li no, quav lub dav ntawm lub tsuj taw thiab lub riser siab (nyob rau hauv daim duab). Yog hais tias tus nqi yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 44 cm rau 48 cm, tus ntaiv yuav pom tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Number ntawm cov kauj ruam

Standard taw ntaiv muaj nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm 12-15 degrees. Cov nyiaj no pub rau cov neeg feem coob xyuam xim nce los ntawm thaum pib mus rau thaum xaus ntawm qhov kev siv los yog mus rau lub tsaws.

Yuav kom txiav txim yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam cov kauj ruam yuav tau ua lub tsev stairs, tus tswv siv cov qauv hauv qab no:

1. Xam los yog ntsuas tag nrho stair ntev (qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus thawj theem mus rau lub thib ob pem teb hauv pem teb).
2. Faib lub resulting kwv yees ntev rau hauv lub qhov siab ntawm lub riser.
3. Sib npaug tau loj mus rau ib qho integer thiab ua recalculation nrog tus tshiab cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov no algorithm yog heev simplistic, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tiag tiag muab xam yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb (cov thickness ntawm lub flooring rau tus thawj thiab thib ob plag tsev, cov heev hom ntawm tus ntaiv, luas ntau ntau).

Nta ntawm stairs ntawm qhob

Niaj hnub no tus ntaiv xaiv rau ntau cov tswv ntawm tsev puv thawm los ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm high-zoo npaj ua modules ntawm qhob (qib tsis qis tshaj li B15).

Lawv koom nyob rau hauv raug ntawm ntawv pov thawj manufacturers, li ntawd, tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm GOST thiab SNIP (qhov siab ntawm stair kauj ruam, lawv cov qhov tob thiab dav, raws li zoo raws li lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination).

Cov kev siv ntawm tej lug yog npaum li cas yooj yim, sai thiab pheej yig dua kev siv ntawm stairs. RC-ntaiv heev robust thiab amenable mus rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hom kev kawm, yog li ntawd lawv ntsia tau rau hauv tsev thiab nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov vaj tse.

Tej yam sib nrauj ntawm tus tsim ntawm stairs

Qhov siab ntawm stair kauj ruam (GOST yog muab) yuav tsum yog tus tib yam rau txhua tus ntaiv ntsiab. Qhov no yuav tsum tau, uas yog npaj los muab ib tug tib neeg tshuav nyiaj li cas, mus nyob nruab nrab ntawm plag tsev.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kws txawj hais tias cov neeg uas nyiam sau qaum ntuj los yog qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm ko taw, uas lawv pib tsiv mus rau qhov stairs. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam lug muaj ib tug khib naj npawb ntawm cov degrees.

Yog hais tias lub qhov chaw ntawm marches muaj ob peb theem, qhov txawv nyob rau hauv lawv qhov siab yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau cov kauj ruam siab.

Muab Kauv stairs thiab cov kauj ruam

Thaum tsim helical los yog muab kauv staircases designers muaj nrog zabezhnymi kauj ruam. Yuav tsum muaj hais txog lawv qhov siab, nyob twj ywm tib yam li rau ncaj, tig los ua ke lug.

Txawm li cas los, vim rau ib tug hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kauj ruam, nruj kev cai yog kev kawm mus rau lub tsuj taw qhov tob thiab qhov dav ntawm lub stairs.

Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias yuav tsiv mus nyob rau helical lug yog tsis yog li ntawd zoo thiab xyuam xim raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Vim li no, designers tsis qhia los tsim kom tau ib tug ntaiv li cov thawj.

Feem ntau kauv staircases yog siv los tsa rau saum nthab los yog raws li ib tug pab tsheb. Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau yam niaj hnub designs ntawm cov ntsia hlau hom muaj ib tug zoo nkauj heev tsim thiab ua lub ntsiab kho kom zoo nkauj chav tsev. Yuav kom txhim kho txoj kev nplij siab los ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej uas nyob ntawm lub dav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov stair treads yuav tsum nyob ze rau pom tsis.

Muab Kauv staircases yog tsis heev haum rau installation nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tsev thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau zam, Yog hais tias lub tsev yuav nyob cov neeg uas tsis muaj. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias tus tswv tsev yog tseem heev npaum li cas xav mus saib nyob rau nws lub tsev xwb xws li ib tug ntaiv, nws yuav tsum muab tag nrho cov tseem ceeb chaw thiab tiaj tus (chav pw, chav ua noj, chav) nyob rau hauv pem teb pem teb.