Lub sib txawv evolutionary thiab revolutionary kev loj hlob? Cov kev sib raug zoo thiab lub ntsiab sib txawv

Lub sib txawv evolutionary thiab revolutionary kev loj hlob? Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug thiab nom tswv kev txiav txim zoo, yog xam raws li kiag li antagonistic. Lo lus "evolution" yog txuam nrog ib tug gradual thiab tas mus li txoj kev loj hlob, thaum lub kiv puag ncig yog txuam nrog ceev hloov nyob rau hauv zej zog, nrog tej zaum kuj heev radical txhais tau tias. Ib txhia hu lub kiv puag ncig ntawm ceev evolution, ces, nyob rau hauv tus, nws yog tib yam. Noob neej, nyob rau hauv ib tes, muaj ib tug ib txwm ntseeg tias nyob hauv txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm gradual txoj kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv lwm cov tes, cov tib neeg muaj accustomed mus kaj nrog qhov yuav tsum tau periodic shocks uas yuav ceev nrooj hloov qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub zej zog.

Hloov: Evolution los yog kiv puag ncig?

Mao Tse-Tung hais tias nom tswv hwj chim loj hlob ntawm cov phom loj chim. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub revolutionary zog yog feem ntau rooj plaub nyob qhov twg poob tswj ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Ua tus txheej txheem, raws li ib tug txoj cai, ib tug neeg ib puag ncig los ntawm ib tug me me pab pawg neeg ntawm ntseeg associates. Tus heev txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov yuav nyob ntawm tus neeg. Raws li rau evolutionary hloov, ces tus thawj coj yuav tsum coj ib yam ntawm cov kev hloov ua ntej nws yuav ua kom ntau radical thawj coj. Yuav ua li cas hloov yog txoj cai txoj kev? Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias feem ntau cov neeg intuitively xav evolutionary txoj kev, nws tsis yog ib txwm tsim nyog.

Interconnection ntawm ob opposite tswv yim

Lub sib txawv evolutionary thiab revolutionary kev loj hlob? Cov neeg tus cwj pwm yog feem ntau txiav txim los ntawm yav dhau los txheej xwm thiab yaam puab paub es dab tsi yav tom ntej. Nthuav tswv yim no ntawm lub koom haum muaj teeb meem, nws yog tau hais tias ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov theem, txhua tus uas pib nrog txoj kev loj hlob lub sij hawm ntawm pab txoj kev loj hlob thiab stability, thiab xaus revolutionary lub sij hawm tseem ceeb lub koom haum hloov thiab shocks. Raws li qhov uas lub revolutionary lub sij hawm yog tsim nyog, thiab txiav txim seb puas los yog tsis tib neeg yog mus rau pem suab nyob rau hauv nws cov theem tom ntej ntawm evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Nthuav dav xav tias lub npe ntawm yog dab tsi txawv evolutionary thiab revolutionary txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog assumed tias evolution - qhov no yog ib qho ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev kawm rau hauv lub cev, lub hlwb thiab sab ntsuj plig theem nyob rau hauv lub universal lub moj khaum ntawm lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los, ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej twb hais tiag revolutionary, txawm lub fact tias lawv hloov thiab gradual. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yuav lam xav hais tias ib tug kiv puag ncig yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution, thiab nws yuav cia li yuav pom raws li speeding li tus txheej txheem, xam tau tias yog ib tug giant leap rau pem hauv ntej.

evolution

Culture thiab zej zog tau hloov zuj zuj los ntawm tej yam yooj yim rau txoj, los ntawm savagery los ntawm barbarism rau kev vam meej. Xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li kev kawm, tau ua ib feem ntawm cov evolution. Yuav ua li cas tau qhov xwm ntawm tus evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg? Cov organic txoj kev loj hlob, uas yuav ib tug series ntawm lwm yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev taw qhia. Evolution - yog ib tug series ntawm sib xyaw phenomena aimed ntawm lub transformation. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog ib tug tas mus hloov los ntawm ib tug qis theem mus rau ib tug ntau dua thiab ntau yooj yim li lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo nce ntawm tib neeg tswj cov ib puag ncig.

kiv puag ncig

Lub revolutionary kev tshawb xav ntawm evolution yog manifested nyob rau hauv ib tug cia li, radical, los sis tag kev hloov, ib tug yooj yim reorientation thiab reorganization. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv lub koom haum los yog tsoom fwv, renouncing Constitution los yog unscheduled overthrow ntawm ib tug kav lwm yam. Cov kiv puag ncig tej zaum yuav koom nrog rau kev siv ntawm ob qho tib si tsausmuag thiab uas tsis yog-tsausmuag kev txiav txim. Qhov no no: zoo hloov nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam tshwm sim ntawm qhov, haiv neeg thiab kev txawj ntse. Teb rau ib lo lus nug hais txog dab tsi ntawm qhov sib txawv evolutionary thiab revolutionary txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no sai txiav gradual txoj kev loj hlob, nrog rau cov tawg ntawm lub qub Cardinal. Keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias hais tias xws li jumps feem ntau ua rau ib tug slowdown nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob.

Yuav ua li cas tau qhov xwm ntawm tus evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg?

Los ntawm cov foundations ntawm anthropologists thiab lwm yam kws tshawb fawb, cov kab lis kev cai raws li ib tug tag nrho muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug uniform thiab hnyav yam. Evolutionists, raws li nyob rau hauv Darwin lub hom phiaj ntawm evolution thiab natural xaiv, nrhiav rau lw lub kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai los ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias feem ntau cov tuam txhab uas muag mus los ntawm ib tug series ntawm tej theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Yuav ua li cas tau qhov xwm ntawm evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob? Ib tug ntawm cov schemes npaj los ntawm lub philosopher Montesquieu nyob rau hauv lub 18th pua, muaj peb theem: yos hav zoov (wildness), pastoralism (barbarism) thiab kev vam meej. Lub division rau hauv evolutionary theem, los ntawm cov tswv yim qub rau civilized, yog tseem ceeb rau cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm cov Social-evolutionists ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo.

Qhov kev tshawb xav ntawm evolution

Raws li Darwin thiab cov kev cai, keeb kwm thiab archaeological pov thawj, kev sib raug zoo, evolutionary theorists tau tsim ib tug yeeb ncuab tswvyim ntawm cov neeg sib raug zoo thiab kev cai kev kawm, raws li lawv piav lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntau yam tsev. Cov no muaj xws kev ntseeg, kev sib yuav thiab tsev neeg. Ntsiab lus tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb yuav hais tias cov evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg yog cov kev hloov los ntawm lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo hloov ntawm cov uas twb system, raws li txwv mus revolutionary kev ntsuas, los ntawm uas muaj ib tug ua kom tiav los yog ib nrab kev hloov ntawm tus uas twb muaj kev txiav txim.