Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Ural metallurgical puag. Ural metallurgical puag: yam ntxwv

Ural metallurgical hauv paus yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Feem ntau ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab hlau thiab hlau mills smelted nws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Ua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab ib tug ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab uas paub txhij txhua nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov npib tsib xee, zinc, tooj liab thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Cov thaj chaw ntawm lub Ural metallurgical puag yog xav tau heev yooj yim thiab tsis kim heev. Mas vim rau qhov cov zoo tshaj, cov khoom ua no muaj ib tug kuj tsis tshua muaj nqi.

Lavxias teb sab metallurgy

Ua ntej xa mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Urals, peb paub dab tsi nws yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws. Steelmakers nyob rau hauv Russia yog koom nyob rau hauv:

• tsuas ore ntaub ntawv (hlau, manganese, thiab chromium);
• lub concomitant extraction ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv (cov thee, txiv qaub, txais av ya);
• kev tso tawm ntawm ferrous co (hlau, steel, kuav los tiag);
• zus tau tej cov hlau thiab steel kav;
• kev tso tawm ntawm coke thiab coke cub gas;
• theem nrab hlau ua.

Tsis-ferrous co koom kev tso tawm ntawm tooj liab, npib tsib xee, zinc thiab cov zoo li. D. Tus nqi ntawm no sub-sector ntawm lub teb chaws yog sufficiently loj nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

General yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab metallurgical bases

Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag ntawm qhov kev lag luam yog nyob rau hauv lub Siberian, Ural thiab Central cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub steel kev lag luam yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm xws li yam li cov nyob rau ntawm roj thiab raw cov ntaub ntawv. Tu siab, ib thaj nyuag chaw thee thiab ore deposits tsis tshua coincide. Yog li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag yog feem ntau ua nyob deb deb ntawm lub raw khoom los yog roj puag, raws li zoo raws li nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Cov nram qab no cov lus qhia qhov tseemceeb txog ntawm lub comparative steel bases Russia.

Cov no yog cov ntsiab ntsuas characterizing lub steel paus ntawm Russia. Ural metallurgical hauv paus yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov. Siberian - yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws qhauj ntawm ferrous metallurgy nyob rau hauv lub Urals

Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov cheeb tsam no hais txog zus tau tej cov ib tug tag nrho cov kev voj voog. Ntawm tus loj yuav tsum tau qhia Magnitogorsk, Novotroitsk, Chelyabinsk thiab Nizhny Tagil. Cov plaub tuam txhab uas muag ua li 80% ntawm cov hlau koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab 70% ntawm cov hlau. Muaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag, yog me me: nyob rau hauv Serov, Chusovoy, Beloretsk Alapaevke etc. Qhov loj tshaj plaws hlau ore deposits nyob rau hauv lub Urals yog Kachkanarskoye ... Qhov thib ob qho tseem ceeb heev yog suav hais tias yog Orsk-Khalilov. Muaj mined yuav luag tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab chromites.

Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Ural metallurgical puag: nta

Nws yog ib lub cheeb tsam nyob ze sib thooj mus rau nplua nuj roj Siberia thiab Kazakhstan, raws li zoo raws li muaj ib tug tseem ceeb scientific thiab cov kev peev xwm ntawm cov European ib feem ntawm Russia. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, xws li ib tug sib thooj tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg tus nqi ntawm cov khoom.

Muaj nyob rau hauv lub hwv txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab lwm ntxiv. Ural Toj siab - lub qub heev. lawv nyob tsheej lab ntawm lub xyoos dhau los thiab tau tam sim no zoo tsaus muag. Yog li ntawd, cov zaub mov tso no yuav luag rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau yuav mined los ntawm qhib txoj kev.

muaj xws li cov tsis muaj kev regional reserves ntawm coking thee rau unfavorable tej yam. Txawm li cas los, lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Ural metallurgical paus yog xws li hais tias nws tsuas coj thiab los ntawm neighboring cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, coking thee yuav nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan. Hlau ore yog cov mas los ntawm qhov chaw Kursk magnetic anomaly.

Magnitogorsk tsob nroj

Ural metallurgical puag sawv cev ib tug ncaj loj tus naj npawb ntawm qhauj. Magnitogorsk Works tsis yog tsuas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Qhuav chaw ntawm lub Magnitogorsk muab nyob ib tug tag nrho ntawm txog 7,000 hectares. Qhov no lub tuam txhab ua 20% ntawm tag nrho cov muag nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom thiab muaj ib tug puv luag hauj lwm mus los. Tus thawj theem ntawm ntau lawm hauv cov nroj tsuag yog cov extraction ntawm ores, thiab lub xeem - sib sib zog nqus ua ntawm ferrous hlau. Hais txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom manufactured los ntawm no lub tuam txhab, yog exported.

Novotroitskaya "Ural steel"

Qhov no nroj tsuag yog ib feem ntawm lub "Metalloinvest" tuav thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov teb chaws tus loj tshaj plaws producers ntawm round billets, ib daim hlab thiab choj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Orenburg thaj av ntawd thiab yog lub ntsiab enterprise ntawm Novotroitsk. Nws lub npe qub - Orsk-Khalilov metallurgical Cog. Nws ua tau tsis yog li ntawd ntev dhau los - nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog economic thiab thaj teeb meem ntawm lub Ural metallurgical puag xws li hais tias lub feem ntawm cov roj yog pab mus yuav nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan. Nyob rau hauv kev nws kev txhawj xeeb hauv lub "Ural hlau". Novotroitsk tsob nroj yog nyob sab xis rau ntawm tus ciam teb nrog hais tias lub teb chaws. Thaum lub sij hawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, thaum economic kev sib raug zoo nrog tus qub republics twb tawg, lub tuam txhab muaj tej teeb meem loj teeb meem. Tam sim no qhov teeb meem no tau zoo dog dig zeb.

Ntawm lwm yam, qhov no lub tuam txhab ua:

• cam khwb cia hlau thiab npua;
• daim ntawv thiab kuav los tiag;
• stampings;
• coke;
• cinder blocks;
• ammonium sulfate.

Ib feem ntawm cov ntau lawm yog exported.

Nizhny Tagil tsob nroj

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob metallurgical qhauj ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws siv pib nyob rau hauv 1720. Ural metallurgical puag, rau thaj chaw ntawm uas nyob rau hauv cov hnub yog tsis raws li dej siab raws li lawv yog tam sim no, ces cia li pib mus raus.

Tus thawj tshav kub twb nyob rau hauv lub Nizhniy Tagil cog nyob rau hauv 1725. Lub ntsiab yam khoom ua los ntawm lawv hnub no, muaj xws li:

• log rau u;
• ntsia;
• raws, ces kaum, I-beams thiab thiaj li nyob. d.

uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy

Tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no, kuj muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tag nrho. Ural metallurgical paus - qhov loj tshaj plaws tsum uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau. Lub cheeb tsam hauj lwm cov nroj tsuag ua zinc, tooj liab, tooj dawb, npib tsib xee.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws qhauj yog:

• OK "Rusal";
• UMMC;
• Upper Salda Association;
• JSC "Ufaleynickel";
• Kamensk-Uralsky tsob nroj;
• Revdinsky cog OCM li al.

Teeb meem thiab zeem muag

Lub thaj chaw ntawm lub Ural metallurgical puag sufficiently muaj txiaj ntsim. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, txawm tias ib tug xov tooj ntawm tsis ntev los no kho tshua Ural cheeb tsam, exporting mas cav ntoo khoom xwb. Cov tseem pheej coj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cheeb tsam kev lag luam tshuaj ntsuam saib ntxiv kev koom tes ntawm lub metallurgical complex ntawm lub Urals thiab cov roj-nquag paus ntawm Siberia. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo yuav tsum muaj ib tug kev sib koom tes ntawm factories nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nrog lub qhauj ntawm lub Komi koom pheej.

Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau cov intensification ntawm ntau lawm. Ural economic thiab thaj chaw muaj ib tug feature - yuav luag tag nrho cov qhauj ntawm metallurgical kev lag luam muaj cov neeg loj thiab siab thiab nyuaj heev yuav tau qiv lawv tus kheej hloov siab los ntseeg thiab Modernization. Ib qho teeb meem loj factories nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yog xav tau qhov tseeb hais tias lawv yog qeeb mus rau teb rau kev ua lag luam kev hloov.

Nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej lub Ural metallurgical puag, uas nws thaj txoj hauj lwm yog heev ib qho kev zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hwv qauv yuav nyob twj ywm li qub. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev ntseeg hais tias nws yog ib lub Modernization ntawm cov chaw ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev.