Lysosome: qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cell organelles

Ntawm ntau yam ntawm cellular lug, tsuas yog ib txoj kev muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm enzymatic cleavage agents. Nws lysosome. Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yuav tsum tau muab los sib tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Lysosome: qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi

Lo lus "lysis" yog txhais los ntawm Greek txhais hais tias "nyias mus nyias". Thiab nws yog nrog tsis precision captures lub essence ntawm cov lo lus uas peb cell organelles. Lysosomes yog me me hlwv, feem ntau spherically zoo li tus. Lawv txoj kab uas hla no NW nyuam qhuav ntau thiab tsawg ntawm 100-180 nm. Sab nraum, lawv yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug nyias nyias. Hauv xws li hydrolytic enzymes, uas tsim ib qho acidic ib puag ncig. Cov natural tshuaj yog lom catalysts. Lawv kom tshuaj haum, tiam sis tsis yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov khoom. Noj ua ke, lub lysosome - network qauv thiab cov kev khiav dej num ntawm uas yog subordinated mus rau lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi - lub splitting ntawm lub hlwb los sib txuas.

Qhov chaw lysosomes

Tus foundations ntawm cov lysosome cell belongs rau lub Belgian chemist thiab biologist Christian de Dyuvu. Thiab qhov no tshwm sim hnub rov qab mus rau 1955. Tom qab tus paub txog kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes hlwb. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, enzyme organelles nyob rau hauv lub hlwb txheej txheem tag nrho eukaryotic kab, nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab fungi. Tab sis nyob rau hauv prokaryotic kab mob no tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, yog li lawv yog tsis muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm phagocytosis thiab intracellular zom cov zaub mov ntawm tshuaj.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntau yam kingdoms ntawm xwm tus xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lug txawv considerably. Nyob rau hauv tsob nroj kab mob thiab fungi yog feem thiab anatomically lysosomes yog vacuoles, li ntawd, feem ntau lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj hlwb, lawv muaj pes tsawg tej zaum yuav mus txog ob peb txhiab tug lej tom qab. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lawv npaum li cas tsis pub tshaj tsib feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov. Los ntawm txoj kev, cia li tsim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub cev nqaij tsiaj lysosomes yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntshav liab - cov ntshav liab.

Lub mechanism ntawm lub lysosomes

Lysosome, cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm uas pub rau cov intracellular plab zom mov, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm no nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev, nyob ntawm seb nws hom. Ib txhia ntawm lawv hauj lwm ua ke nrog rau cov phage thiab pinocytosis hlwv thiab ua ke rau digestive vacuole. Lawv tej muaj nuj nqi. Nws yog qhov kev siv ntawm cov intracellular zom cov zaub mov ntawm tshuaj, piv txwv li cell kev noj haus.

Lwm hom lysosomes ua hauj lwm pab uas yuav tau tshem ntawm cov neeg tuag lub hlwb organelles, cais hlwb, los yog txawm cov ntaub so ntswg tawg tsam. Zaum ntseeg hais tias cov organelles puas lub cev larval theem ntawm cov tsiaj, xws li gills thiab tails ntawm tadpoles amphibians. Lwm hom lysosomes tau mus rau txoj nto ntawm daim nyias nyias, nqa tawm kev tshem tawm tus kheej enzymes thiab extracellular digestion.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm enzymatic tshua

Yuav ua li cas yog cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes, peb twb dealt nrog. Tab sis yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb yog dab nqa tawm los ntawm cov organelles ntawm hlwb thiab kab mob raws li ib tug tag nrho? Tsim nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm lub Golgi apparatus thiab cov endoplasmic reticulum, lawv yog ua los ntawm lawv cov thawj npuas. Thiab rau cov thawj lub sij hawm, lub enzymes muaj nyob rau hauv lawv yog tsaug zog.

Los ntawm tej lub acidity ntawm cov ib puag ncig, qhov teeb meem no hloov. Enzymes ua kom nquag plias thiab pib los mus nqa tawm lawv zog. Lawv puas pathogens thiab hais, thiab ruaj lug uas twb ua tiav raws li lawv lub hom phiaj. Yog hais tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, lub cell tsuas tig mus rau lub thoob khib nyiab cia. Tej zaum lub cev xav tau kev pab lub cell self-plab zom mov, uas yuav inevitably ua rau nws demise. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev no yog heev tsim nyog thiab txawm tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, txoj kev tuag ntawm cov tadpole tus Tsov tus tw hlwb nyob rau theem ntawm nws cov transformation mus rau hauv ib tug qav. Yog li tshuaj tsim thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem yuav siv tau los ntawm lwm lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd, lub zog ua los ntawm lysosomes, tsim nyog rau ib txwm hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg lub hlwb thiab tag nrho cov kab mob.

Lysosome, cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm uas peb tau kawm nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm no odnomembrannoy organelle hlwb ntawm prokaryotic kab mob. Lawv yog cov sib npaug hlwv uas muaj enzymes uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cleaving complex tshuaj tebchaw.