Malic acid

Malic acid (Formula NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH) oksiyantarnaya, dibasic hydroxycarboxylic (txiv hmab txiv ntoo acid). Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj kob crystalline substance. Malic acid yog zoo soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol thiab dej, tsis zoo - nyob rau hauv ether.

Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw muaj ib tug cleansing, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hydrating thiab me me astringent zog.

Classification NOOSSN2SN acids (OH) COOH

Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob, cov L-malic acid. Melting point - ib puas degrees. Heev soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Lub solubility ntawm ethanol 68,3 g diethyl ether - 1.9 grams tauj ib puas grams ntawm kuab.

D-malic acid muaj ib tug melting sov li ntawm 130,8 degrees. Solubility nyob rau hauv ethanol - 35,9 g, diethyl ether - 0.6 grams tauj ib puas grams ntawm kuab.

Ob yam yog insoluble nyob rau hauv benzene.

Malic acid muab tej txiaj ntsim tshuaj zog oxyacids. Nws ntsev thiab esters xa mus rau Malatya. Thaum rhuab mus rau ib puas degrees tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm malic acid anhydride, tus zoo tib yam lactide. Nyob heev cua sov (txog li 140-150 degrees) tswj tshem tawm ntawm cov dej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm malic acid rau fumaric acid, nrog sai cua sov mus rau ib puas thiab yim caum degrees yog tsim tsis tau, thiab maleic anhydride.

NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws intermediate Cheebtsam ntawm metabolic dab nyob rau hauv uas muaj sia nyob. Malic acid yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub metabolism hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov malate. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tricarboxylic acid voj voog, gluconeogenesis ntawm. Malate tom qab enzymatic tshua yuav tsum hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv pyruvate, fumarate, oxaloacetate.

Npaj NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH los ntawm yuav txo tau ntawm tartaric acid, hydrolysis ntawm D, L- bromyantarnoy acid.

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ntawm confectionery khoom thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo dej. Thiab malic acid yog siv nyob rau hauv winemaking. Ii tshuaj raws li ib tug pH adjuster thiab ib tug flavoring neeg sawv cev.

Npaj malic acid (D, L) thaum es oksaliluksusnoy acid NOOSSOSN2SOON Na hlau los yog nws cov hydrolysis (oksaliluksusnoy acid) ntawm zoo tu qab tso ester.

Cov lawm tshwm sim tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo acid. Cov tshwj xeeb muaj xws li cov tsis paub qab hau apples, roob tshauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, gooseberries, rhubarb. Nyob rau hauv luam yeeb malic acid yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov calcium ntsev. Cov me me ntawm nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub cawu cub. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH yog tsim vim tsis tiav oxidation txheej txheem uas muaj suab thaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib tug loj npaum li cas malic acid yuav yuav ntes tau nyob rau hauv tsis paub qab hau cov txiv hmab (los ntawm tsug kaum peb mus rau kaum tsib grams ib dm3). Thaum lub sij hawm ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo tooj NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH txo kom ob mus rau tsib grams ib dm3. Xws li ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub concentration vim lub fact tias cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev ua pa dab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub txiv hmab boycott ntawm sab qaum teb cheeb tsam pom ntau dua malic acid tshaj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam. Txheem NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH, kuj yog nyob ntawm cov huab cua puag thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm txiv hmab.

Thaum dej fermentation ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nees nkaum-tsib feem pua malic acid nqus poov xab. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm lub cawv thiab recovering carbon dioxide. Kab mob fermentation tau nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm siab purity succinic acid. Hws NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH thiab urea synthesis yog puag uracil (RNA tivthaiv).

Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lactic acid cov kab mob tej zaum yuav thuam malic acid rau lactic acid. NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH muaj feem xyuam rau lub saj ntawm cawu cub. Lub siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm malic acid ua rau lub "ntsuab acidity" - ib tug ntse saj. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob, nws nqa tawm lom "acidity". txheej txheem hauv paus ntsiab lus yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm cov poov xab thiab lactic acid cov kab mob nqus NOOSSN2SN (OH) COOH.