Manganese ore: kuv, tsuas. Reserves ntawm manganese ore nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no

Manganese ore - ib tug mineral minerals. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb muaj thiab economic nqi. Cov no muaj xws minerals xws li Brown, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, bustamite, pyrolusite, manganite thiab lwm tus neeg. Manganese ores muaj nyob rau tag nrho cov continents (muaj xws li nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation).

ntiaj teb no stocks

Rau hnub tim, manganese ore yog pom nyob rau hauv 56 lub teb chaws. Feem ntau ntawm cov deposits yog nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa (txog 2/3). Tag nrho cov manganese ore reserves nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, raws li theoretical suav, tus nqi rau 21 billion tons (validated 5 billion). Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub stratiform deposits - deposits txuam nrog sedimentary pob zeb. Lwm yam txog rau weathering kaub puab thiab hydrothermal qhov chaw.

95% ntawm cov stocks uas los ntawm 11 lub teb chaws - Ukraine, South Africa, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Australia, Georgia, Brazil, Russia, Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb thiab Bulgaria. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj qhov zoo tshaj ntawm lub ntuj ore yog tus uas tsis muaj, Tuam Tshoj yog suav tias yog ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov export ore. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj ntau yam ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm cov raw cov ntaub ntawv.

zoning

Ntiaj teb zus tau tej cov manganese ore txawv zoning. Piv txwv li, cov thawj raw khoom oxide yog tso xwb nyob rau hauv nqaum chaw nyob qhov twg cov av nplaum thiab sandstones heev. Deb ntawm lub seas thiab oceans, yog carbonate ore. Cov no muaj xws calcium rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite thiab manganocalcite. Tej manganese ore raws li nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog flasks thiab txais av ya. Lwm hom deposits - metamorphosed. Cov mines yog raug rau Is Nrias teb.

Lub hiob ore

Raws li zoo raws li lwm cov kev pab zaub mov, manganese ore nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no raug tsim nyob rau hauv sib txawv heev lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kaub puab ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub Precambrian thiab nyob rau hauv lub Cenozoic era. Ib txhia nodules rau lub hiav txwv pem teb thiab sau rau hnub no.

Ib tug ntawm cov hiob xam tau tias yog Brazilian hlau quartzites thiab Indian gondity, uas nyob rau hauv lub Precambrian metallogenic ntu nrog geosynclinal formations. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm muaj Ghana Manganese ore (kuv nsutite-Dagvino) thiab South Africa (sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Kalahari suab puam). Me stocks ntawm lub Early Paleozoic Era yog nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj. Tuam Tshoj tus loj tshaj plaws tso nyiaj ntawm lub sij hawm no yog suav tias yog Shanvutu nyob rau hauv Hus Nas xeev. Manganese ore mined nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub Far East (nyob rau hauv lub roob ntawm lub Lesser Hinggan) thiab Kuznetsky Alatau.

Lig Paleolithic thiab Cenozoic

Manganese ore Lig Paleozoic era cov yam ntxwv ntawm Central Kazakhstan, qhov twg ob lub ntsiab deposits raug tsim - Ushkatyn-W thiab Dzhezdinskoe. Ntsiab minerals - Brown hausmannite, hematite, manganite, thiab pyromorphite psilomelane. Lig Cretaceous thiab Jurassic volcanism spawned manganese ore nyob rau hauv lub Trans-Baikal cheeb tsam, lub Caucasus, New Zealand thiab cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm North America. Qhov loj tshaj plaws tso nyiaj ntawm lub sij hawm no Groote Island sab nyob rau hauv 1960. nyob rau hauv teb chaws Australia.

Lub Cenozoic era yog txawv nyob rau hauv scale txuam nrog ntawm manganese ore nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub East European Platform (Mangyshlanskoe, Chiatura deposit Nikopol pas dej ua ke). Ces manganese ore muaj thiab nyob rau hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv Bulgaria Obrochishte deposit tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv Gabon - Moanda. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm mineralized xuab zeb thiab av nplaum deposits. Minerals yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov oolites, nodules, pawg thiab earthy concretions. Lwm pas dej ua ke ntawm manganese ore (Ural) nyob rau hauv lub Tertiary lub sij hawm. Nws stretches rau 300 kis lus mev. Qhov no txheej ntawm manganese ores peev xwm ntawm 1 mus rau 3 meters npog sab hnub tuaj slopes ntawm cov Ural Toj siab.

ore hom

Muaj ntau ntau caj ces hom ntawm deposits ntawm manganese ores volcanogenic-sedimentary, sedimentary, metamorphogenic thiab weathering. Ntawm cov plaub hom kom meej meej sawv tawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub ntiaj teb no kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Peb yuav tau tham txog lub sedimentary deposits. Lawv cov concentrated nyob ib ncig ntawm 80% ntawm tag nrho cov stocks ntawm manganese ore nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Feem ntau cov loj-scale deposits tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub pas dej thiab ntug hiav-marine basins. Qhov no Georgian Chiatura kuv, Kazakhstan Mangystau, Bulgarian Obrochishte. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov loj loj raws Ukrainian Nikopol pas dej ua ke. Nws ore-kev coj tus kheej teb ncav us txog raws tus dej ntws Ingulets thiab Dnepr. Nyob ze lub zos - Zaporozhye thiab Nikopol. Pas dej ua ke yog ib tug elongated sawb ntawm ib tug dav ntawm 5 kilometers thiab 250 kilometres ntev. Plast - yog zeb av nplaum pob nrog lo ntsiab muag, concretions. Manganese ore, cov duab uas koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, cov lus dag ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 100 meters.

Underwater thiab volcanic deposits

Manganese ore mined tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau teb chaws tab sis kuj underwater. Lawv ua li ntawd mas lub tebchaws United States thiab Nyiv, uas tsis muaj loj reserves nyob rau hauv "qhuav" chaw. Feem ntau tsim underwater kuv manganese ore yog ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 5 kilometers.

Lwm hom formations - volcanic. Rau cov deposits yog yus muaj los ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog ferruginous thiab carbonate pob zeb. Lub ore lub cev feem ntau yog sai pinches tawm tsis ncaj ncees lawm lo ntsiab muag, khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab lentils. Lawv muaj li ntawm carbonates, hlau thiab manganese. Fais fab xws ore lub cev yog los ntawm 1 mus rau 10 meters. Los ntawm volcanic-sedimentary hom yog deposits ntawm Kazakhstan thiab Russia (Il-Niliyskoe thiab Primagnitogorskoe). Nws tseem yog lub ore Salair Ridge (siliceous porphyry-tsim).

Weathering kaub puab thiab ore metamorphogenic

Teb weathering crusts tsim los ntawm cov decomposition ntawm manganese ore. Kws txawj kuj raug xa mus rau zoo xws li cov ntau ntawm cov kaus mom. Breeds ntawm no hom muaj nyob rau hauv Brazil, Is Nrias teb, Venezuela, Australia, South Africa thiab Canada. Cov ores xws li vernadite psilomelane thiab pyrolusite. Lawv tsim los ntawm cov oxidation ntawm rhodonite thiab rhodochrosite manganocalcite.

Metamorphogenic ores tsim thaum lub sij hawm hu rau los yog regional metamorphism muaj pob zeb thiab sedimentary manganese ores. Yog li ntawd, rhodonite thiab bustamite. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws deposits - Karsakpay nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan.

Lavxias teb sab deposits ntawm manganese ores

Urals - ib tug tseem ceeb Manganese ore tsuas cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Russia. Muaj deposits ntawm pob zeb siv yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau ob hom: volcanic thiab sedimentary. Cov yav tas yog nyob rau hauv lub Ordovician sediments. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li Chuvalskaya pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub Perm cheeb tsam. Tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis zoo li nws Parnoksky deposit nyob rau hauv Komi. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1987 los ntawm ib tug geological ntoj ke mus kawm los ntawm Vorkuta. Lub deposit yog nyob rau hauv lub foothills ntawm tus Ncov qaumteb qabteb Urals, 70 km ntawm Inta. Qhov no tsim yog nyob rau ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm shales thiab limestone. Nws tseem ceeb ib tug xov tooj ntawm tseem ceeb mineralized chaw: Pachvozhsky, Sib Nqus, Far thiab sab hnub tuaj.

Raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam liaj teb ntawm no hom nyob rau hauv lub teb Parnoksky feem ntau carbonate, thiab manganese oxidized pob zeb. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug qab zib los yog xim av xim thiab muaj li ntawm rhodonite thiab rhodochrosite. Cov theem ntawm manganese nyob rau hauv lawv - txog 24%.

wealth ntawm lub Urals

Kuj tsis zoo to taub Upper Chuvalskie deposits nyob rau hauv lub Perm cheeb tsam. Lub sab sauv theem nyob rau hauv lub oxidation tsam nyob rau hauv lawv tsim xim av thiab dub hlau-manganese ore. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj nqes hav Ural ntau sedimentary deposits (Kipchak Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, Akkerman nyob rau hauv Orenburg). Kev loj hlob pib nyob rau hauv lub kawg lub sij hawm ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.

Thaum xya caum kilometers ntawm lub capital ntawm Bashkortostan, Ufa nroog, yog lub Upper sedimentary deposit Ulu Telyak. manganese limestone nyob ntawm no feature teeb xim av. Yeej no detrital khoom tsim tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov thawj ores. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov vernadite, chalcedony thiab psilomelane.

Nyob rau hauv lub Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam yog Paleogene sedimentary deposits. Ntawm no sawv ib tug loj North-Ural phiab, extending mus rau ze li 300 kis lus mev. Nws muaj lub feem ntau manganese ore loj pov thawj reserves nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Pas dej ua ke muaj xws li kaum tsib teb. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - lub Catherine, Yuzhno-Berezovsky, New Berezovsky Berezovsky Yurkinskoe, Marsyatskoe, Ivdelsky, Lozvinskoe, Tyninskoe. Local reservoirs pw nyob rau hauv lub sands, txais av ya, sands, silts thiab gravels.