Methanol: ntxim rau cov tib neeg lub cev los ntawm inhalation, thawj pab

Lom nrog methanol thiab ethanol yog feem ntau qhov ua rau ntawm kev xiam oob qhab thiab kev tuag. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim nrog cov neeg uas yog siv rau haus cawv hloov thiab tsis pom qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis muaj ib tug yuav muaj kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov neeg pluag cov khoom uas zoo uas muag nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom noj, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau paub yuav ua li cas kom paub txog cov tshuaj lom thiab hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau noj.

lub zog

Methanol yog ib tug tsis muaj kob kua nrog ib tug tsw cawv, nkag soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nws yuav tsum tau tov nrog organic solvents, xws li benzene, acetone, lwm yam alcohols. Thaum kev sib cuag nrog huab cua sib tov yuav tawg, kaum degrees Celsius txaus rau ignition tshwm sim. Cov tuag koob tshuaj rau tib neeg yog 100 milliliters.

ntau lawm

Nyob rau hauv coj mus muag teev methanol yuav ua tau ob peb txoj kev. Substance xub pib tau txais tom qab qhuav distillation ntawm cov ntoo nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog lignin, ces muaj technology ua cawv los decomposition ntawm lub ntsev nrog formic acid nyob rau hauv tus ntawm siab kub. Thaum nws tau ua uneconomic, nws tau txiav txim siab los ua ke methanol los ntawm methane los ntawm ib nrab oxidation ntawm nws. Tam sim no rau lub hom phiaj no, carbon dioxide thiab hydrogen nrog tas li ntawd ntawm ib tug tooj liab-zinc catalyst.

rov qab

methanol-khoom hnyav ncawv plua plav paug ib puag ncig. Cov dej uas yog siv nyob rau hauv nws cov purification thiab distillation, li ntawd, noo nrog teeb meem tshuaj, hais tias txawm tom qab rov pom, nag lossis daus thiab tshuaj purification nws yog tseem unsuitable rau haus. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij nws yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm methanol ntau lawm technology nrog lub voj kaw. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov dej yuav tsum tau reused, tab sis tsis tshuam raws li lom los yog tshuaj pov tseg. Muab qhov teeb meem ntawm cov dej tshiab rau lub ntiaj teb, txoj kev no yuav pab cawm nqi natural resources.

kev siv cov

Nyob rau hauv coj mus muag teev methanol siv raws li ib tug hnyav rau lacquers thiab xim, raws li ib tug raw khoom rau tom ntej tshuaj ntau lawm raws li ib tug substrate rau medicaments. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub dej ntsuab kua. Feem ntau ntawm cov methanol siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm formaldehyde li ib tug additive rau roj av, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ntxiv rau roj rau kev sib xeem khiav tsheb thiab motorbikes.

Muaj ntau naj hoom tuam txhab uas muag siv methanol nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov perfumes rau qhov ntau pheej tsw, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub CIS xws li yog txwv tsis pub los ntawm txoj cai nyob rau cov neeg siv cov cai. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm cov pa roj thiab roj av khoom kuj nrhiav tau siv methanol. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau lub ntsev yog tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub boiling hlab, yog li tswj lawv muaj peev xwm.

metabolism

Raug cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication yuav pom tsis pub dhau ib teev tom qab noj cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib co neeg cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav tsis manifest lawv tus kheej kom txog thaum ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab hnub. Nws yog sai absorbed rau hauv lub plab, tab sis yog metabolized maj mam txaus ces tshem tawm los ntawm lub cev nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam. Yog hais tias lub Team sib ntawm koob tshuaj ntawm cov me me, lub tshuaj lom muaj peev xwm accumulate. Ntau tshaj 70% ntawm cov yam khoom uas yog tso tawm kom pom thaum lub sij hawm ua tsis taus pa, nrog luag tsis toxins decompose. Qhov seem 30% nyob rau hauv lub siab tom qab neutralization tawm hauv lub cev nrog cov zis.

Kev txiav txim ntawm methanol thiab ethanol nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog nyob rau hauv yuam cai ntawm redox dab, ua hypoxia thiab acidosis. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, ua rau ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov vitamins C thiab B1 thiab tus sawv ntawm intoxication. Cov alcohols yog dej num raws li Neuro-leeg tshav thiab protoplasmic tshuaj lom.

Nyhuv on pom

Raws li yog nqus tau cov pa, thiab hais tias lub haus ntawm methanol ntxim rau cov tsis pom kev tseem disastrous. Lub yeej ntawm lub optic paj thiab lub retina cai nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob mob intoxication thiab mob lom. Pathophysiology ntseeg tau hais tias qhov no yog vim cov khoom metabolism ntawm methanol. Lawv tiv thaiv kom txaus oxidative ntsev nyob rau hauv lub retina thiab qeeb lub tsim ntawm cov pa-free qabzib. Ib tug tsis muaj cov as-ham yog teeb meem rau cov hloov khoom nruab nrog uas tsis pom kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, methanol vapor thab plaub txheej, ua rau o, edema thiab kev mob.

nqus tau pa

Toxic pa formaldehyde tsis tshua muaj ntshiab methanol. Action on tib neeg lub cev los ntawm nqus tau pa tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob ua sawv. Thaum xub thawj los cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub zos voos ntawm cov qog ua kua thiab tom qab haum mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha - mauj lom ntawm lub cev. Soj ntsuam cov tsos mob raws li nram no. Tus neeg yws ntawm kiv taub hau, xeev siab, puas ruaj khov lawm txawm ua ntej nws lub qhov muag vim hais tias mob intoxication. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, sharply txo nrig txog kev pom acuity, mob nyob rau hauv txoj cai qaum quadrant. Tej lom feem ntau mob tshaj mob, vim hais tias ntawm lub zog voos ntawm cov Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau cov neeg kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag nrog methanol.

haus

Methanol ntsoog loj heev ua rau ntawm lub cev feem ntau yog manifested nyob rau hauv lub siv ntawm denatured cawv thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Rau tib neeg txaus ntshai yog txawm kaum milliliters ntawm no "haus", thiab lub koob peb caug ml yuav ua tau kom neeg tuag taus. Txawm li cas los, tib neeg yuav hnov mob txawv los methanol, siv nws mus tas li los yog ntev Team sib. Feem ntau cov neeg cai cyanosis (tig xiav), thiab ib tug tsawg sib sib zog nqus pa, tau convulsions. Mem tes yog speeded li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub teeb yog uas ploj lawm. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, txoj kev tuag tshwm sim vim ua pa cessation. Yog hais tias tus neeg ntawd yog meej pem, nws tsis yws hlo li ntawm mob nyob rau hauv lub plab, flickering yoov nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag, tsis pom kev cov teeb meem. Txawm yog hais tias tus neeg mob yog muaj peev xwm kom ciaj sia nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug teeb meem no, lub malfunction ntawm lub siab twb irreversible.

mob lom

Thaum nws muaj cai txo nyob rau hauv cov xim zeem muag, retinal Atrophy, edema thiab kev tuag ntawm optic paj inhibited qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub teeb stimulus. Tus txiv neej twg thiaj li raug nkees sai sai, muaj mob taub hau thaum lub sij hawm thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub hnub, muaj ib tug ntau txob taus, tearfulness, thiab lub siab lub ntsws lability. Yog hais tias nqus tau cov pa los yog haus tshuaj ntau heev tsis muaj methanol, ntxim rau cov tib neeg lub cev yuav tsum muaj tsawg hnov li cas. Nws yuav qhia kev nce ntawm tinnitus, nquag tau khaub thuas, hnoos rau tsis muaj khees vim li cas, mob taub hau, pom tau qhov sib puas.

Nyhuv ntawm methanol ntawm daim tawv nqaij muaj tau insufficiently kawm. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim ib txhij nrog lub nqus tau pa ntawm vapor, yog li ntawd lub mauj ces predominate tshaj lub zos. Tab sis lub cov ntaub ntawv thaum cov neeg pleev los Hnyav nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws thiab khau. Es tsis txhob hloov, tus txiv neej txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm. Ob peb hnub tom qab qhov xwv txheej no, nws yog qhov muag tsis pom.

thawj-aid

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov methanol. Action on tib neeg lub cev (thawj pab raws li nyob rau hauv lub pathogenesis ntawm lom, li ntawd, koj yuav tsum khaws cov antidote) yog lom metabolic khoom. Yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg muab kev pab kho mob, yuav tsum ncua los yog tiv thaiv cov zaj uas lub methanol rau formaldehyde. Ua li no, ua ib tug pais plab lavage yog neeg coj mus rau lub tsev kho mob thaum lub sij hawm thawj ob teev. Plus, lub tso dej Txoj kev lis ntshav yog ib tug 5% ci dej qab zib (1 liter) thiab, tom qab ntxuav, nws yog tsim nyog kuj yuav haus ib tug tshuaj (4.2 litres). Yuav kom muaj qhov yuav tsum theem ntawm hwj chim rau tus optic paj thiab lub hlwb txhaj subcutaneously nrog 500 ml ntawm 5% qabzib. Thaum txhua txhua ib nrab teev thaum muaj xwm ceev kev ntsuas yuav tsum haus dej haus tshuaj uas muaj 5 g ntawm sodium hydroxide. Tsis tas li ntawd qhia tso dej sodium lactate tshuaj, mus txog rau 4 gallons ib hnub twg.

Tag nrho cov kev ua ub no nqa tawm nrog lub teev tswj ntawm acid-puag xeev ntshav ntawm bicarbonate thiab acidity ntawm cov zis. Nws tseem yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov ntsha theem thiab kho nws raws li xav tau. Xyuas ua si ntawm lub plawv yog yuav tsum tau.

Ethanol - ib yam khoom uas neutralizes methanol. Qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv tib kab li zoo nkaus li uas lub siab enzymes yuav "tibneeg hu tauj coob" pa oxidation ntawm ethanol thiab methanol nyob twj ywm unchanged thiab yuav tawm hauv lub cev nrog lub exhaled huab cua thiab tso zis. Thaum nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus neeg tau txais ib tug loj koob tshuaj ntawm methyl cawv, nws tam sim ntawd muab intravenously 5% ethyl cawv tov ntawm 5% zib daws nyob rau tus nqi ntawm 1.5-2 g ntawm dej cawv ib 1 kg ntawm tus neeg mob hnyav ib hnub twg, lossi saib xyuas concentration ethanol nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, raws li nws tau yooj yim los ntawm cov tshuaj tej zaum yuav tig mus rau hauv tshuaj lom.

Action methanol yog pernicious tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov tam sim ntawd lub hom phiaj hauv nruab nrog cev - muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov tshuab ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, symptomatic kev kho mob muaj xws li cov pa txoj kev kho, kev cawm siav, los ntshav, tshuaj los txhim kho lub kev noj haus ntawm cov kev mob plawv thiab tswj nws excitability thiab contractility. Yog hais tias tus neeg mob muaj kev puas hlwb kev hloov, ces nws yog muab ib tug sedative. Nyob rau hauv huab, ib tug hemodialysis.

tiv thaiv kev ntsuas

Rau hnub tim, qhov kev ruaj ntseg kws txawj pom zoo kom hloov methanol industries. Nyhuv rau tib neeg lub cev no substance tshaj lub efficiency ntawm nws siv. Muaj yog ib qho lwm txoj kev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ethyl cawv, khoom cua alcohols. Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb yog txaus ntshai qhov chaw pom zoo kom hnav roj qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.

Action methanol rau ib tug neeg, raws li koj tau pom, tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg los ntawm ruaj sib cuag nrog no substance yuav tsum tau siv rau tej labeling ntim uas muaj nws thiab laj mej pej xeem muaj nyob rau ntaub, xws li lacquers, xim thiab lawv cov kuab tshuaj. Pipelines nrog methanol yuav pleev xim rau nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyog xim, ceeb toom ua hauj lwm ntawm vaj tse nyob thiab communal kev pab, vim hais tias nws tsis yog tsuas yog lom tab sis kuj heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze high voltage nyob ntawm tej los yog roj kav, uas yog feem ntau nteg ua ke.

Thaum kawg kuv xav hais rau cov neeg uas, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho cov, tsis tu ncua siv methanol: ntxim rau cov tib neeg lub cev, nws muaj ob instantaneously thiab maj, thiab yog tsis muaj guarantee tias yog hais tias koj tsis txhob lom ua ntej, nws yuav caum tsis cuag nrog koj nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Ceev faj thiab nyeem cov ntawv ua tib zoo!