Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov: interesting tseeb hais txog lub neej, ua hauj lwm

Niaj hnub no peb tham txog xws li ib tug nto moo thiab nrov heev hnub no, Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv Mikhail Bulgakov. Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg sau, raws li tau zoo raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, thiab ib co biographical hnub yuav yog tus ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm.

Ib me ntsis ntawm biography

Kws ntawv lub neej tsis txawv constancy. Niaj hnub no Mikhail Bulgakov yuav zoo li ib tug neeg thov khawv, tab sis tau txais nplua nuj tag kis, mindlessly siv nyiaj nyob rau nplua khub.

Muaj yog ib tug misconception uas Bulgakov xaiv txoj kev ntawm ib tug txawj sau ntawv kuj lig - tsuas yog mus rau 30 xyoo. Txawm li cas los, tsab ntawv no yog nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb. Sau tus sau pib heev thaum ntxov. Nws yog lub npe hu hais txog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm "Cov Adventures ntawm Svetlana", uas tau sau nyob rau hauv 7 xyoo. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, yog hais tias peb tham txog kev sau ntawv raws li ib tug tag nrho-fledged hauj lwm, ces, ntawm chav kawm, Bulgakov tuaj rau qhov no ib zaug. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab hais tias tus thawj chaw txua txiag zeb Bulgakov tau txuam nrog tshuaj. Ua tau, nws tsis tawm kev kho mob xyaum thiab tom qab nws tau los ua ib tug naas ej txawj sau ntawv.

Bulgakov kawm tiav los ntawm lub Medical University nyob rau hauv 1916, tom qab uas lub tsev mus rau Smolensk, mus rau qhov chaw ntawm ib lub zos tus kws kho mob. Nws twb nrog los ntawm nws tus poj niam Tatiana. Raws li cov memoirs ntawm cov xyoo, cov sau tau sau ib tug series ntawm cov dab neeg, "Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug hluas kws kho mob."

Tab sis tsis yog li ntawd prosaic raws li nws tej zaum yuav zoo li, yog txoj kev uas yog Bulgakov. Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov kws ntawv, uas peb tuaj hauv qab no, tso cai mus saib qhov no.

kos duab nta

Nyob rau hauv 1920 ua hauj lwm ntawm Bulgakov coj thuam heev tsis zoo. Lom zem ntau vim lub fact tias cov txawj sau ntawv ho tsis txhawb lub Soviet tswv yim thiab hu nkauj lub tshiab regime. Piv txwv li, cov kev ua si "Davhlau" yog tsis muab tso rau hauv theem, raws li critics hu ua nws anti-Soviet.

Tus kws sau ntawv tau laj mej pej xeem hais tias lub kiv puag ncig xum evolution. Tsis ceeb, lub Bulgakov tsev pheej nrhiav los ntawm lub NKVD, thiab cov kws ntawv ntawm yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej twb kev tsim txom.

muag khoom plig

Nws pom ib co paj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm mystical kawm nyob rau hauv mythology thiab cov ntaub ntawv Bulgakov. Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg sau muaj xws li lub caij thaum nws twb fascinated los ntawm cov opera "Faust". Bulgakov yog ob peb lub sij hawm rau ib lub ua tau zoo rau ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre. ib cov duab ntawm tus hero tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov neeg sau ntawm Faust, thiab kev muag khoom ntawm qhov motive ntawm tus ntsuj plig.

Tsis ntev Bulgakov twb yuam kom pom zoo rau Stalin lub suggestion - sau glorifying nws ua si. Tom qab hais tias, Mr Mikhail pib los sib piv lawv tus kheej nrog Faust - nws kuj tau mus "muag nws tus plig kom dab ntxwg nyoog."

uas ploj lawm cim

Ib tug heev peculiar txiv neej yog Bulgakov (interesting tseeb tim khawv rau qhov no). Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1937 ib co sau ntawv yuav tsum tau xa ib tug xov tooj ntawm plays txog lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm A. S. Pushkina. Bulgakov yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv thiab kuj tseem tau nthuav nws ua si, entitling nws "Alexander Pushkin". Tab sis nws yog dab tsi lub surprise ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thaum nyob rau theem thiab tsis tau nyob protagonist.

Bulgakov xav hais tias nws yuav mov thiab hais lus phem zaub rau cov theem actor, hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv costumes ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv. Yog li ntawd, tus sau considers tsis tsim nyog zoo li nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm "Pushkin".

cov khoom muaj nqis

"Cov khoom muaj nqis" Mihaila Bulgakova nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, ntawm chav kawm, nrog tus tshiab "Tus Dawb khwb". Lub fact tias nws yog ib tug heev ntxaws qhia txog ntawm koj lub tsev Kiev nyob rau hauv cov khoom, uas ua rau nws ib tug ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim. Qhov ntawd yog lub tsev ntawm tus heroes ntawm zais treasures. Heev ntau nyeem coj nws raws li qhov tseeb. Yog li ntawd, tsis ntev lub tsev tau cia rhuav cib los ntawm cib. By lub sij hawm no, Bulgakov tsis muaj nws, tab sis qhov no fact twb tsis zoo ntaus nqi los ntawm tshiab cov tswv.

Txawm li cas los, txawm tag nrho cov kev siv zog, cov khoom muaj nqis twb yeej tsis tau pom. Thiab tsuas yog tus hauv paus tseem los ntawm lub tsev.

sweetheart

Nws yuav coj txawv txawv, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias tus tshiab "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" twb nplooj siab mus rau lub beloved sau Nuremberg Elena Sergeevna, tsis txhua leej txhua tus paub. Qhov no poj niam yog qhov kawg hluas nkauj ntawm Bulgakov. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub rooj sib tham, ob qho tib si muaj tsev neeg, yog li txoj kev sib raug coj tsis muaj kev zoo siab, tab sis kuj raug kev txom nyem.

Los ntawm kev sau ntawv Romana Bulgakov pib nyob rau hauv 1929, thiab rau ob peb xyoo ua ntej nws tau muab rau hauv phau ntawv "Venediktov, los yog lub nco txheej xwm ntawm kuv lub neej," A. Chayanov. Lub protagonists ntawm phau ntawv no twb yog dab ntxwg nyoog, thiab cov me nyuam kawm ntawv nrog rau cov xeem Bulgakov, uas yog yuam kom sib ntaus sib tua nrog tus tub huabtais ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj rau nws tus ntsuj plig ntawm nws tus hlub. Cov zaj dab neeg xaus nrog lub compound lovers. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no volition yog tus impetus rau kev sau ntawv "Tus tswv thiab Margarita."

Voland

"Tus tswv thiab Margarita" yog lub npe nrov tshaj ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov neeg uas sau ntawv mus rau Bulgakov. Biography, interesting tseeb thiab nta ntawm creativity li ntawd nws yog feem ntau txuam nrog rau qhov no creation. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ib tug yuav tsis quav ntsej cov duab Woland. Bulgakov tau borrowed rau nws Mephistopheles lub npe los ntawm ib tug paj huam los Goethe lub "Faust." Yog li ntawd yog dab ntxwg nyoog hu ua nws tus kheej, thaum nug dab phem cia nws dhau.

Tus thawj tsab ntawm "Cov Master thiab Margarita" muaj ib tug paub piav qhia txog ntawm Woland, uas coj 15 nplooj ntawv. Txawm li cas los, tus ntawv ntawm Bulgakov muab tshem tawm no qhia txog tag nrho cov nyiam, thiab thaum lub caij no ib feem ntawm tus tshiab yog yuav luag pom tau hais tias yuav poob.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib co drafts, nrog rau Woland lub npe Astaroth. Tom qab ntawd, li cas los xij, Bulgakov tsis kam lub npe, tej zaum vim hais tias Astaroth hu ua haib dab, tab sis tsis yog tus uas kav lub ntuj raug txim.

"Aub" Bulgakov

Hais tsis zoo tshiab "lub Plawv ib tug aub" yog ib qho kev kho mob: Balls - qhov no yog ib tug raug tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub lumpenproletariat, leej twg, muaj lub hwj chim, pib ua kom puas lawv tus kheej zoo. Txawm li cas los, muaj tsawg zoo-paub txhais.

Yog li ntawd, lub pob (rau lub thib ob lub npe Chugunkin) - Stalin, txij li thaum ob leeg muaj "hlau" lub xeem. Xib fwb ntawm lub cev Hloov Hlo - Lenin, uas hloov tag nrho lub teb chaws (lub foundations ntawm cov xibfwb yog muab piv nrog rau cov kev hloov ntawm cov nom tswv system). Dr. Bormental - Trotsky, raws li ib txwm nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem nrog pob-Stalin. Shvonder - nws yog lub pob zeb, thiab Zina - Zinoviev, etc ...

miv behemoth

Qhov no yog lwm zoo kawg nkaus cim, uas tuaj nrog Bulgakov. Biography (interesting tseeb li zoo) yuav qhia tau tias behemoth tau muaj ib tug tiag tiag chiv keeb.

Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog ib tug miv thiab Bulgakov nyiam dub aub npe behemoth. Tsiaj txawv lub siab, thiab tus sau twb khi rau nws.

"Ivan Vasilievich"

Nyob rau hauv 1934 Mikhail Bulgakov sau lub zoo-paub hnub no, cov kev ua si "Ivan Vasilievich". Thaum lub chaw ua hauj lwm tsuas yog sau, ntau ntshai tsam hais tias nws yuav tsis tau tauj vim hais tias ntawm lub zog zoo sib xws Ivana Groznogo rau Stalin.

Qhov no muaj pov thawj yuav tsis muaj tseeb. Play viewers pom xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1973, thaum twg rau lub filming coj Leonid Gaidai. Tus thawj coj tau sim kom tau khaws cia tus thawj zaj dabneeg, tab sis cov kev muaj tiag ntawm lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yuav tsum tau hloov nyob rau hauv cov 70th. Txawm li cas los, cov zaj duab xis yog ib tug dizzying zoo.

Bulgakov tsev

Los yog "Bulgakov lub tsev" - ib tug naas ej tsev cia puav pheej-ua yeeb yam hauv Moscow, nyob rau Bolshaya Sadovaya, lub tsev xov tooj 10. Ntawm no, los ntawm 1921 mus 1924 tus txawj sau ntawv nyob.

Cov tsev khaws puav pheej pib ua ib qho exhibition nplooj siab mus rau lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm Bulgakov, uas yog qhov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug ntau yam ntawm miv mob siab rau cov kws ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej. Feem ntau lawv txawm coj qhov chaw sab nraum lub chav tsev - ib tug platform rau cov stairs, lub caij ntuj sov terrace, loog.