Muab ob npaug rau decker u nyob rau hauv Russia: piav qhia, kev qhia, nta thiab xyuas

Muaj ntau ntawm peb xav hais tias muab ob npaug rau-decker u tau nyob ntev los no, nrog lub community launch txog qhov lawv Moscow - Adler. Txawm li cas los, lawv cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj ntau tshaj li ib xyoo pua thiab ib tug ib nrab. Peb pib nrog lub ntsiab nta ntawm lub tshiab kev thauj mus los txhais tau tias.

Ob-storey tsheb: ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Lub ob-storey, ob-storey tsheb - lub Modernization ntawm cov pa tsheb rau ntau dua cov neeg nrog caij lub peev xwm. Nws muab ib tug ob-theem arrangement ntawm compartments (ib saum toj no rau lwm). Cov tseem sawv cev piv txwv yog lub TGV Duplex, Shinkansen E4, Shinkansen E1.

Nyob ntawm seb nws tsim, lub tsheb no yuav tuav 40-70% ntau coob uas xam nrog. Muab hais tias rau cov zaj uas lub viaducts, ntau, electrified lawv khej nrog hinged catenary yuav tsum tau txawj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub qhov siab, lub designers ntawm cov tsheb mus rau tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm tricks: cov thawj pem teb yog nws txo qis qis li sai tau ntawm cov phab xis, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov siab qhov ntawm ob cov khw txiav. Nyob rau hauv lub neeg mus ncig tebchaws double-decker u, lub qis txheej ua ib tug kev muaj nuj nqi, vim hais tias nws qhov siab yog me me, thiab rau sab saum toj - ib tug dav, nyiam, feem ntau nrog panoramic qhov rais. Hauv qab no yog ib tug nyuag comparative yam ntxwv.

Lavxias teb sab muab ob npaug rau-decker u

Puas Russia muaj ib tug muab ob npaug rau-decker tsheb ciav hlau? Railways muaj coob uas xam nrog plaub hom ntawm lub tsheb:

• ib tug compartment (64 es tsis txhob ntawm 36 cov neeg);
• CB (30 es tsis txhob ntawm 18);
• neeg ua hauj lwm carriage-compartments (50 es tsis txhob ntawm 18-24 neeg);
• tsev noj mov (44-48 rooj rau qhua mus rau lub chaw noj mov cheeb tsam).

Muab ob npaug rau decker u mus Russia muaj ib tug tag nrho daim ntawv teev cov nta:

• nyab xeeb kev tswj - huab cua txias thiab cua sov;
• kaw thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb inter-tsheb zaus;
• zog-saving LED teeb pom kev zoo;
• Peb composting chaw, uas yuav siv tau hais txog ntawm qhov chaw;
• stairs nrog anti-ris hauv qab thiab yooj yim lag tuav;
• wagon mov yog nqa tawm tsuas yog ib tug hluav taws xob tshem ciav hlau;
• GLONASS navigation system thiab satellite kev sib txuas lus ua hauj lwm lub tsheb;
• kho kev ruaj ntseg system - video keb soj ntsuam, kev nkag tswj thiab kev ruaj ntseg neeg ua hauj lwm.

Coupe nyob rau hauv ib tug ob-lub tsheb

Muab ob npaug rau decker tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara thiab lwm qhov chaw) muaj cov nram qab nta nws coupe:

• Standard chav tsev so thiab pw tsaug zog, teeb, cov lus, daim iav;
• stairs nyob rau sab sauv lifting txoj hauj lwm;
• rhawv rau cov me nra;
• nkag tau mus rau lub compartment tsuas yog los ntawm ib tug neeg magnetic tseem ceeb;
• ob outlets (100 W) rau them mobile, laptop thiab lwm yam electronics;
• Stagnation ntawm tag nrho cov txaj nyob rau hauv lub NE thiab nyob rau hauv lub qaum compartment;
• Cov LCD zaub rau saib xov xwm ntaub ntawv, txhua tus neeg caij (CB), lub mloog pob ntseg (coupe, NE).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, coob uas xam nrog yog muaj cov nram qab no cov kev pab cuam: potable thiab cov fwj dej rau qhov lawv, kev ntxuav tu thiab kev tu cev cov khoom siv, muag ntawm souvenirs, periodicals, tshuaj yej thiab confectionery.

Muab ob npaug rau decker u nyob rau hauv Russia: kev

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia nram qab no rau ob tug-theem cob Railways kuas:

• mus rau ntau pheej yig pib nqi vim lub siab cov neeg nrog caij muaj peev xwm;
• yam tsawg kawg nkaus kev puas tsuaj rau cov ib puag ncig vim txoj kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab yees nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov tsheb;
• xis tsab ntawv tsa suab graphics (Bunk compositions - los sai sai).

Hauv qab no yog cov chaw uas khiav ob-decker u nyob rau hauv Russia.

Zoo tswv yim los ntawm coob uas xam nrog

Zoo sijhawm uas tau cim cov coob uas xam nrog, experimented nrog ob-decker tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv Russia:

• cosiness, kev nplij siab;
• tshiab niaj hnub tsheb;
• tus nqi tsim nyog;
• yuav txo tau ntawm mus ncig teb chaws lub sij hawm;
• paub cai thiab tus phooj ywg ua hauj lwm;
• usability ntawm portable chaw;
• lub compartment nkag ntaus ntawv;
• free WI-FI;
• siab zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus nyob rau hauv lub tsev noj mov;
• kev ruaj ntseg;
• huv;

• muaj rau cov neeg muaj kev tsis taus;
• pre conductors npaj ua txaj;
• qhov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub compartment;
• neeg xyuas pib hu khawm;
• nyob rau hauv sab saum toj pem teb tsis yog hnov tsheb nrov;
• cua txias system;
• txawv txawv rau cov Lavxias teb sab traveler.

kev tsis zoo

Tsis khiav nkaum los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm coob uas xam nrog thiab disadvantages ntawm ob-theem innovation:

• Service. Whereas yav tas los tus neeg xyuas pib muaj ob tug 36-seater wagon, tab sis tam sim no tib yam pes tsawg tus neeg ua hauj lwm uas tau muab rau 64 coob uas xam nrog.
• Lub xub ntiag ntawm stairs. Yuav kom tau mus rau lub thib ob pem teb, nws yog tsim nyog los mus kov yeej ib ntseg haum cov kauj ruam.
• Gone yog rau sab saum toj nra khib saum toj no rau kev nkag mus - nra tau tam sim no tsuas yog muab cia rau hauv cov thawv rau khoom.
• Chaw. Muab ob npaug rau lawj lub tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv Russia khoom yog tsuas yog peb - ib tug rau lub neeg nrog caij 21 (es tsis txhob ntawm 18 raws li nyob rau hauv cov pa compartment).
• Seeling. Vim lub peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev tsheb nqaj hlau kev yog yuav muaj zog pitching rau lub thib ob theem. Nws tsis zoo yuav nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas yuav yuav nyob rau hauv stairs.

Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm cov disadvantages coob uas xam nrog sau cov uas tsis muaj ceilings tsis tswj kev nyab xeeb kev tswj, ib tug phem tsis hnov tsw nyob rau hauv lub tsheb, surly conductors, nqaim chaw pw, ib tug phem kev kho ntawm qhov rais (muaj tsawg tsawg heev), disruptions WI-FI, siab nqi rau cov zaub mov, cov neeg pluag zoo, mov noj mov nyob rau hauv rations rau ST.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm ob-decker tsheb nyob rau hauv Russia

Lub kaum hli ntuj 30, 2013 los ntawm Adler rau Moscow mus rau ib tug ob-zaj dabneeg ntawm 15 lub tsheb Tver Carriage Works. Ua ntej ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj nyob rau hauv Mineral Dej qhib thawj Lavxias teb sab depot rau u bunk. Tab sis cov txheej xwm uas tau teev tseg yog tsis nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm ob-decker u nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws - lub thawj xws tsheb tau ua nyob rau hauv 1864 nyob rau Kolomna nroj tsuag. "Cuckoo" (tus thiaj li hu ua lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm kev quaj "ku-ku", uas cim pib ntawm ib zog neeg tsav tsheb ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau) shuttled ntawm Peterhof thiab Oranienbaum, khiav seem nyob rau hauv ib tug densely populated cheeb tsam lub villa.

Nyob rau hauv 1905, ob-theem lub tsheb tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Tver Carriage carriage. Ib zaug ntxiv lawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam tsuas yog tom qab 50 xyoo - qhov qhuav ntawm lub tsheb cruised lub GDR ntawm Belgorod thiab Kharkov, Lvov thiab Kovel. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov duab Leningrad Carriage Works tau tsim ib tug domestic qauv ntawm ib tug ob-storey tsheb nyob rau hauv lub '70s. Cov av pem teb muaj ib chav pw compartments coupe, thiab lub thib ob pem teb yog ib tug neeg mus ncig tebchaws, saib - muaj tsuas yog zaum. Lawv tso tawm tau tas - ib tug tag nrho ntawm 16 ua qauv. Cov zaj dab neeg bunk compositions tu ncua dua los pib koj nplooj ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv peb hnub.

private lub tsheb ciav hlau

Hais txog nrhav ntawm domestic railways, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg uas nyuam qhuav pib khiav cov thawj private lub tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv Russia:

• Electric "TransExpress" kev taw qhia Moscow - Kaluga. Nws tus tswv tsev - "TransGroup" hais tias cov ntau lawm ntawm cov tsheb no rau Dimihinskom engineering cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib tug nqi ntawm $ 2 lab. Txhua lub tsheb muaj ntawm cov thiab tiv thaiv, thiaj li muaj yuav tsis khib, tsis txhob haus dej haus cawv thiab tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, tsis txhob muag thiab tsis hais kom dawb. Ib tug rho tawm: tag nrho cov tsheb ntawm ib chav kawm ntawv - peb.
• Private khoom kim heev tsheb ciav hlau "Grand Express" sau raws li qhov lawv Moscow - St. Petersburg. Muaj pes tsawg leeg yog pom tias yuav ua tau lub zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Ntawm nws cov kev pab cuam: ecotoilets nrog underfloor cua kub, da dej, WI-FI, media neeg uas ua ntawv, kev nyab xeeb system, tej thaj chaw deb yuav tau kho cov teeb pom kev zoo, hluav taws xob xauv nrog magnetic tseem ceeb, hu khawm hlau, kev ruaj ntseg cov kev pab.

• 4. Electric "Severstalrels" Moscow - St. Petersburg. Xis tsheb ciav hlau muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg phab xis 1 thiab cov chav kawm ntawv 2, ob phab xis bar. Muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li nrog tag nrho cov European yuav tsum rau kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb, nruab nrog ib nyab xeeb kev tswj system.

Railways thiab private tswv

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej tebchaw tsis rho tus monopoly Lavxias teb sab Railways. Tus tswv tsuas muaj lub dov Tshuag los yog nws xauj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv them kev w / e txoj kev, tswj kev pab cuam, tshem ciav hlau traction. Raws li rau cov txo nqi ntawm cov pej xeem, tus tshiab cov tswv yog hais tias nws yog tsis ntxeev. Thaum muaj ib tug ib txwm hais tias tus Railways muab tso nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm private traders lub feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsim qhov chaw, tab sis cov kev tswj vam tias uas tsis yog-lub xeev compositions thiab txia unclaimed kev nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Tsis ntev los no, ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nrhav yuav pom nyob rau lub Lavxias teb sab Railways - private tsheb ciav hlau, ob-theem lub tsheb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus shortcomings yuav muaj nyob rau hauv txhua yam, tab sis xws kawm nyob rau hauv lub Modernization ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hiob ntaub ntawv kev thauj tsis tau tab sis kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.