SIV: nrauv kawm rau cov tub ntxhais

Raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev kawg kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev kawm ntawv ib tug xov tooj ntawm xyoo siv cov Unified State Examination (SIV). Yuav tsum kawm - kev kawm txog zauv thiab Lavxias teb sab lus. Ua zaum kawg ntawv pov thawj muaj cov kev cai uas tau hais ntau ntau zaus raug hloov. Hais txog qhov tseeb uas ntawm ntau cov kev cai thiab nws yuav tsum tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Hais txog cov kev cai

SIV (yuav tsum tau cov khoom thiab tej yam uas koj xaiv) yog nqa tawm siv ib tug tswj kev xeem ntaub ntawv (PCM), uas sawv cev rau ib tug qauv daim ntawv ceg nrog kev pab raws qib. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj kev tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau mus kos li cov lus teb rau neeg ua hauj lwm. Yuav tsum tau kev kuaj mob kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li ib hoob kev tuamyeem kawm no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv, yog hais tias nws tsis yog ib feem ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws lus ( "hais lus").

Xeem yog muaj nyob rau hauv Russia thiab sab nraum ntawm nws rau ib tug hluas lub sij hawm. Xaav yog Rosobrnadzor thiab executive lub cev RF cov kev kawm uas muaj kev tswj tus kheej tsim (IVF). Sab nraum lub teb chaws xeem (yuav tsum tau kawm thiab xaiv) kuj Rosobrnadzor thiab founders ntawm kev kawm ntawv koom haum nyob rau hauv Russia, uas yog nyob txawv teb chaws, muaj lub xeev lees paub raws cai thiab siv kev kawm ntawm lub tuam kev kawm ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li txawv teb chaws tsev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Txawv Teb Chaws Ministry, uas muaj ib tug yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb kev kawm units.

Mus kawm rau cov tub ntxhais

Yuav tsum kawm thiab xaiv dhau menyuam kawm ntawv uas tsis muaj kev kawm ntawv cov nuj nqi thiab tag nrho complied nrog tus neeg los yog qhia ntaub ntawv nrog qib nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev kawm rau tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb tsis tsawg tshaj li txaus siab.

State kawg kev xeem tsim nyog tau xeem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm (Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lej) menyuam xiam oob khab thiab cov neeg uas muaj kev tsis taus, thiab cov menyuam kawm muaj kev tsis taus cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb tsev ntawm lub kaw hom tsev, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm ib tug kab lus ntawm feem raug kaw.

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam ntawm ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv yog tseem tsim nyog tau txais rau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm EGE (Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lej, raws li zoo raws li elective kawm rau kev nkag mus kawm ntawv qib siab). Cov tib txoj cai yog tso cai rau cov menyuam kawm nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea thiab Sevastopol.

Revalidation thiab externae

Muaj txoj cai kom muab ntawv pov thawj ntawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm EGE yog muaj thiab cov kawm tiav ntawm lub xyoo dhau los (nrog ib daim ntawv rau cov general qaum kev kawm ntawv kom txog rau thaum 2013), raws li zoo raws li cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas kawm cov kev kawm cov kev pab cuam ntawm ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv thiab cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tshaj tus ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, txawm yog hais tias lawv peb tau siv tau kev kuaj mob tau tsis ntev los no xyoo.

Yuav kis tau cov tub ntxhais thiab cov neeg uas muaj mastered qhov kev pab cuam ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv - tsev neeg txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab nws tus kheej-kev kawm ntawv, los yog leej twg muaj mastered rau lub uas tsis yog-kawm paub cai zov lub xeev kev kawm ntawv. Lawv muaj peev xwm externally dhau DPA nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm tsev kawm ntawv.

khoom

Obligatory hoob kawm rau dhau - Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lej. Txawm li cas los, kev hloov thiab ntxiv raug npaj nyob rau hauv 2020. Firstly, raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub Ministry of Education Olgi Vasilevoy, yog yuav tsum tau rau tag nrho cov kev kuaj mob nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov yuam kev kuaj mob kawm nyob rau hauv 2020, tejzaum nws muaj xws li kawm lwm hom lus thiab geography. Tseeb, tsis muaj tus paub txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws yuav tsis tau ntse tsiv mus nyob rau lub neej yav tom ntej. Yuav Geography ib tug yuav tsum raug nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais, nws twb tsis tau txiav txim siab, vim tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm kev xeem system yuav muab saib.

Txawm li cas los, cov lus Askiv raws li ib tug yuav tsum raug nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais (los yog lwm yam txawv teb chaws), yog yuav tsum tau. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 2020 yuav muab cov ntawv no nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam hom. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm 2022, lub teb chaws yuav tsum npaj txhij mus ua ib tug txawv teb chaws lus xeem tsawg kawg yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tam sim no tso nyiaj rau kev xyaum kev ntsuam xyuas, tsim cov kev pab cuam. Keeb kwm raws li ib tug yuav tsum raug nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais lo lus nug no twb yuav luag foregone xaus, tab sis nws yuav tshwm sim, raws li Olga Vasilyeva, tsis tau ua ntej 2020. Qhov no yog qhov peb yuav tsum kawm.

Keeb kwm thiab geography

Olga Vasilyeva ua heev heev cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws sablaj rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 2017, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Ntau yam twb tau hais txog cov tub ntxhais dua nyob rau hauv 2020. Yuav tsum tau khoom uas Iwj. Nws hais tias hnub no cov me nyuam dhau tsuas lej thiab Lavxias teb sab lus, tab sis peb kev kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais yuav tsum tau keeb kwm.

Nws kuj tau hais tias ua tib zoo mloog rau cov louder sounding ntawm pej xeem lub tswv yim nrog rau kev hwm rau cov DPA, uas kis tau tus me nyuam kawm ntawv tom qab kawm qib cuaj, geography. Ntau cov pej xeem sib ceg rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm tej kev xeem nrog rau cov kev tso cai los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Daim ntawv teev cov nrauv kawm kev kuaj mob yuav twv yuav raug hu sam. Tej zaum, thiab geography yuav nkag mus rau lawv tus xov tooj.

Rau kev nkag mus kawm ntawv qib siab

Nyob rau hauv 2009, tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv kawm tiav tau txais cov lus qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau mus ntsuam xyuas kev kawm. Lawv Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua yuav tsum tau txais odinnadtsatiklassnik ntsuam xyuas tsis hauv qab no lub Rosobrnadzor. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau kev nkag mus kawm ntawv qib siab cov tsev kawm ntawv kawm tiav xaiv koj tus kheej ib tug ob peb yam tseem ceeb uas. Xaiv los ntawm ib daim ntawv teev ntawm lub tuam kawm uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov kev kuaj mob. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yuav tsum kawm, piv txwv li, yuav tau noj odinnadtsatiklassnik txog mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv? Qhov no yuav yog nyob ntawm seb xaiv specialization. Piv txwv li, lub neej yav tom ntej programmer yuav tsum tau ICT thiab computer science.

Ntawv kuaj mob nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv yog tau tsis tsuas mus rau ua nyob rau hauv ua ntej kiag li, tab sis pheej hais dua, rau qhov muaj yog official portals qhib teeb meem ntug dej. Txij li thaum no yog yuav tsum tau, kawm tiav ua cia li hais tias. Tab sis kev kawm txog zauv yog lej tib yam nkaus. Cov yav tom ntej programmers yuav tsis daws tau qhov yooj yim version, thiab profile. EGE nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv paub tab yuav tsum tau lub profile theem, lub caij no, tsuas yog tus txawj ntse ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv xaiv tsev kawm ntawv tej zaum muaj ib tug dawb demo khoom, uas yuav siv tau rau nws tus kheej-kev cob qhia.

daim ntawv teev

Khoom, xws li yuav tsum tau, cov kev xaiv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv leavers mus kawm rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv:

1. Lavxias teb sab lus.

2. Profile thiab lej.

3. Science News for KIDS.

4. Physics.

5. Social.

6. Keeb kwm.

7. Kev qhia thiab kev sib txuas technology thiab computer science.

8. Geography.

9. Biology.

10. Ntaub Ntawv.

11. Txawv Teb Chaws lus (Lus Askiv, Fabkis, German, Mev).

Yog xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, koj yuav tsum coj tsuas yog ob tug yuav tsum kawm - Lavxias teb sab lus thiab lej. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv ib tug yeem paus lub tsev kawm yuav coj lawv tus kheej kev xaiv ntawm tej khoom ntawm ib tug tej yam kev kawm ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub npaj qhov chaw ntawm kev cob qhia, uas yog lub tshwj xeeb.

kev hloov

Vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog tsis ceev heev, tab sis drastic hloov, nws tsis muaj peev xwm tsis kov kev kawm ntawv. Ib tug ntau ntawm kev tsis txaus siab tau sau nyob rau hauv Ministry of Education thiab Science nyob rau ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv no system ntawm xeem nws muaj nws zoo, xws li ib qho kev xaiv los mus tiv thaiv kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab lub ywj pheej ntawm lub resulting kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev txawj ntse. Tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm cov minuses. Nws yog npaj los ntawm 2019 mus tsim cov tub ntxhais me nyuam mechanism yog twb nyob rau hauv rau kev kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li nce tus naj npawb ntawm lawm elementary tsev kawm ntawv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, kev txawj ntse yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam systematically, li ntawd, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau nrhiav kev txawj ntse uas txhim khu lub luag hauj lwm thiab kev txiav txim.

Lub rho tawm ntawm cov uas twb lub koom haum ntawm cov tub ntxhais, cov niam txiv thiab cov xib fwb muab lub xeem xwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Feem ntau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv cia li ua rau kwv yees cov lus teb. Qhov no system tau ntev txij li thaum yuav tsum tau muab abolished, hloov nws nrog ib tug daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas daim ntawv no, uas existed kom txog rau thaum 2009. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsim nyog thiab rehearsals, thiab lub tswv yim chaw xaiv tsa ua ntej nkag tau ib yam dab tsi tshiab rau lub cev, vim hais tias, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum to taub yuav ua li cas los txhim kho qhov teeb meem no ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov kev hloov no.

Cov ntsiab lus uas thiab cov hauj lwm

Nqa tawm cov tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, raws li zoo raws li nyob sab nraum nws muab ib tug ib lub sij hawm. Txhua kawm ntaub kawm ntawv nws muaj nws tus kheej ntev ntawm qhov kev xeem lub sij hawm. Ministry ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj ntawm lub xyoo no muab ib tug decree, uas hais ib zaug xwb lub sij hawm thiab ntev ntawm txhua xeem. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj yog muab tag nrho daim ntawv ntawm cov kev pab uas yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv, thiab yuav tau siv thaum lub sij hawm cov tub ntxhais.

FIPI (Federal lub koom haum rau kev kawm ntawv Ntsuas) tsim kev xeem paub tab (Kim), piv txwv li ceg ntawm kev pab raws qib, uas koj siv los mus teev cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm cov qauv. Lub tsev kawm ntawv FIPI yuav nam mus nyeem cov nqe lus demo ntsuam xyuas kev xaiv rau txhua yam kev kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv, uas tswj cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv ntawm cov CMM - nrog tag nrho cov Codifiers thiab specifications. Paub tab yuav yog deployed nyob rau hauv, thiab nrog luv luv cov lus teb. Ncauj lus teb kev xeem txawv teb chaws hom lus sau nrog kev pab los ntawm lub suab xov xwm. Seem no ( "hais lus") yog tseem nyob rau ib yeem hauv paus.

lub luag hauj lwm

Cov ntaub ntawv tswj ntsuas ntaub ntawv uas yog siv rau lub xeev ntawv pov thawj, peb yuav tsis qhia vim hais tias nws cuam tshuam rau kev txwv cov lus qhia. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov neeg uas yuav tau coj tuaj rau cov tub ntxhais tus cwj pwm, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg uas muab cov tub ntxhais thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub rooj sib tham, yuav tsum yog tsim kom tsum muab qhia tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Kim nyob rau hauv raws li Lavxias teb sab kev cai lij choj.

Yog hais tias lub CMM ntaub ntawv yuav tsum luam tawm, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Internet, nws yuav pov thawj ntawm ib tug ua txhaum tej yam tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom 13,14 thiab 19,30 ntawm lub Code of Administrative txhaum; 59, Part 11 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation "Nyob rau kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation".

tau

State kawg kev xeem, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm EGE siv stoballnoy nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev kawm kev soj ntsuam system, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau ib tug yooj yim theem ntawm kev kawm txog zauv. Nyias rau txhua yam kev kawm yog teem rau ntawm ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab yog hais tias tus neeg sib tw tau kov yeej no pib, ces txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv kev theem ob txoj kev kawm yuav tsum paub tseeb hais tias.

Thaum lub scan tiav kev kuaj xyuas ntaub ntawv, kev xeem tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev kawm considers chairman ntawm HES, thiab ces nws txiav txim siab mus rho, hloov los yog pom lawv. Pom zoo los ntawm cov kev tshwm sim yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsis pub dhau ib hnub ua hauj lwm tom qab xyuas tag nrho cov xeem ntawv.

hais

Yog hais tias lub examinee high school kawm tiav yog tsis txaus siab nrog rau koj tau, tej zaum nws yuav, tsis pub dhau ob hnub ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais tau mus rau rov hais dua tsis pom zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kawm lub koom haum uas muab nkag rau cov tub ntxhais lub examinee.

Kawm Ntawv Tiav ntawm lub xyoo dhau los thiab lwm yam pawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais koom yuav rov hais dua mus rau npe qhov chaw nyob rau tus me nyuam los yog nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg uas nrhiav tau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Cov qhabnias ntawm cov tub ntxhais rau txhua tus ntsuam xyuas muaj nyob xwb nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv teb chaws cov lus qhia, thiab daim ntawv daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lawv yog tsis muab. Kev siv tau qhia lub sij hawm - plaub lub xyoos.

rov tus me nyuam

Yog hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawm lub xyoo no, tau txais lub txiaj ntsim muab tau hauv qab no qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau rau ib yam ntawm cov yuav tsum kawm, nws muaj peev xwm dhau cov tub ntxhais dua - nyob rau hauv ib tug ib lub sij hawm rau ntxiv cov ntsiab lus uas muab rau lub hom phiaj no. Yog hais tias tej qeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais tus menyuam yuav tsis tau mus nrhiav tau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus tau nyob rau hauv tej yam uas nws tau xaiv los ua nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, ces rov sit yuav muaj tsuas yog tom qab ib xyoos.

Los ntawm 2015, tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav xeem nyob rau hauv yuav tsum kawm mus txog peb lub sij hawm (qhov no tsuas yog siv rau kev kawm txog zauv thiab Lavxias teb sab lus). Qhov no yog tau los yog nyob rau hauv lub ntxiv hnub yog yeej tsuas yog ib yam khoom, los yog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg (Cuaj hlis, Lub kaum hli ntuj). Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, rau siab kawm twb tsis tau muab qhov chaw vim hais tias cov yuav tsum tau deadlines dhau los, tab sis tus me nyuam kawm ntawv phau ntawv hla tebchaws nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tau txais.