Muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais (Kaliningrad): keeb kwm, piav qhia

Muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais (Kaliningrad) - keeb kwm qhov chaw, uas niaj hnub no yog ob qho tib si zoo thiab tsis zoo tus cwj pwm txawv txawm tias tus townspeople tias tsuas yog ruins nyob twj ywm ntawm nws. Tus thawj mention ntawm Königsberg hnub rov qab mus rau 1255 xyoo. Thiab ces - cia li nthuav ...

Keeb kwm ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad cheeb tsam - ib tug xwb nyob rau hauv Russia, uas yog cais los ntawm peb loj heev lub teb chaws lwm lub xeev. Thiab thaum twg koj taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog, koj yuav nrhiav tau nws coj txawv txawv heev kev sib hais haum. Ntawm no purely Soviet chaw, ua kev poob nws greyness, thiab raug quarters Burgess, uas ncig lub qab ntxiag. Raws li Kaliningrad hnub no yog ib tug niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab chaw nres nkoj lub nroog, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1255, thaum nws nrhiav tau, cov cheeb tsam tau koom Prussia. Ces nws tau txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug siv taw tes rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub conquest ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab yog dab tsi ua crusaders ntawm lub Teutonic Order. Qhov no taw tes rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hu ua Koenigsberg, uas translates suab zoo li "King lub Roob" - nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Czech King Premysl II, tus uas muab nyiaj rau tus hais sib haum tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv tib 1255, lub tsev fuabtais ua tau. Yuav kom ua tau ntau leej hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog hnub rov qab mus rau lub founding ntawm lub architectural qauv. Nrab Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv kev yog heev nthuav thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug txaus ntshai lub sij hawm, thaum muaj cov feem ntau npaj txhij txog txheej xwm. Thiab xwb ces, cov tawm tsam nrog cov pagans yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, ib tug noble ua. Yog li ntawd feem ntau ntawm mention ntawm uas era yeej yuav hnov ntawm lub Crusades, nyob rau hauv uas coj ib feem tag nrho cov uas tau tos rau lub "sab ntsuj plig txoj kev cawm seej". Yog li ntawd, rov qab mus rau lub kev kawm: Koenigsberg tsev fuabtais ntawm King Ottokar II venture thiab grandmaster ntawm lub Teutonic Order Peppo Ostern tom qab, ua tau "rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub Christian txoj kev ntseeg."

Qhov kev txiav txim los tsim kom tau tau ua nyob rau hauv 1254, tom qab ua koob tsheej ntawm Christmas. Los ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 17 ntawm nram qab no xyoo Ottokar II yoojyim ib tug "lavish khoom plig rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais," dab tsi hais tias lub chronicler ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Peter ntawm Duisburg. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua hauj lwm pib rau qhov kev siv ntawm Konigsberg, thiab nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev, nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj loj scale. Ua ntej, rau lub site ntawm ib tug pre-burnt Prussian fort ntoo fort ua tau Tvangeste uas nkag mus rau hauv av. Tom ntej no npaj kev siv ntawm ib lub pob zeb fortification, uas yuav siv sij hawm tag nrho cov dav toj siab ntawm Mount muaj koob muaj npe, nyob rau ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 20 m saum toj no tus dej Pregel. Nyob rau hauv 1256 lub Teutonic Knights tau xov laj kab ncig tawm lub kwj, yog li muab ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov hnub Tsev fuabtais Pas dej - li no Iwj moat. Incidentally, nws yog tus thawj zeb ua tau ntawm no.

Nyob rau hauv 1260, muaj ib tug Prussian uprising - qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Lawv tua tag nrho cov ntseeg uas muaj kev tswj kom ntes raug kaw, thiab hlawv ntau castles, fortresses thiab lwm yam vaj tse. Ib xyoo tom qab lub Prussians mus txog thiab muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais, besieged nws, yog tej thiab rhuav tshem cov kev sib hais haum. Königsberg Tsev fuabtais ntawm lub sij hawm uas tseem tsis tau raug ua kom tiav, tab sis sawv ob lub xyoo siege thiab tsiv sib ntaus sib tua.

Nyob rau hauv cov nram no xyoo lub noob nom noob tswv tsev fuabtais (Kaliningrad) yog lossi hloov, reconstructed, hloov, ua ntau zoo nkauj thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm XV xyoo pua nws yog twb muaj impregnable fortress thiab haib txaus, coj ntawd yog ib tug loj teeb meem. Txawm li cas los, tom qab ib tug thaum lub phab ntsa tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cannons. Maj mam sau ntawm no ntau yam tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab thiab tseem ceeb phau ntawv. Yog li ntawd lub tsev fuabtais muab rau hauv ib tug kab lis kev cai chaw ntawm lub Prussian pawg neeg thaj av.

Nyob rau hauv 1525 Koenigsberg officially los ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus thawj secular kav Prussia - Duke Albrecht. Tab sis Mr tau crowded thiab boring ua saib tsis taus lag ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, thiab nws yog txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ib tug nquag restructuring. Thaum lub sij hawm "tsev kiv puag ncig" zoo nkaus li sab hnub tuaj tis, tom qab ntawd muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Duke.

Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, nws twb muaj kev tswj kom txia ua lub palace los ua zoo nkauj tshaj. Muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais (Kaliningrad) tau raug siab ua kom tiav thiab ua zoo nrog rau cov aesthetic sab ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub Prussian Dukes.

"Tuag" ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv tsev fuabtais

Nrhiav tau los ntawm Czech huab tais siv lasted kom txog thaum 1968. Tus thawj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais raug kev txom nyem thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Huab cua bombing tshwm sim los loj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv, tab sis, oddly txaus, nws tseem khaws cia nws zoo nkauj thiab me ntsis menacing zoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau rov qab. Tab sis raws li lub sij hawm dhau, thiab ntxiv kev sib tham yog tsis loj hlob. Muaj coob tus neeg tawm tsam cov restoration ntawm Konigsberg. Tsis rau ib yam dab tsi vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 1945 nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Pravda" Tsev fuabtais hu ua "lwj hniav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus fascist viper." Nws hu ua tsis zoo tus cwj pwm txawv nyob rau hauv cov neeg, thiab cov nyiaj rau nws cov restoration yuav tsum tau ib great deal. Nws yog tsis paub hais tias yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yuav tseem staid architectural qauv yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, yog hais tias tsis Kosygin. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 60-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum cov nqe lus nug "Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm puas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog," nws twb hais tias muaj yeej yuav ua ib tug tsev cia puav pheej, Kosygin yog rov: "Qhib Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Prussian militarism? Nqa, tam sim ntawd! "Thiab yog li ntawd nws txiav txim siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm Konigsberg. Txawm tias cov pov thawj ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws yeej yog li ntawd, tsis muaj.

Hauj lwm muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais

Königsberg Tsev fuabtais muaj ib tug tshaj plaws ntev ntawm 104 m thiab ib tug dav ntawm 66, 8 m. Lub siab tshaj lub tsev ntawm lub nroog yog lub tsev fuabtais ntauwd, uas yog rebuilt nyob rau hauv lub 64-66 xyoo ntawm XIX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Gothic style.

Rau 7 centuries ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm cov qauv no yog hloov dua. Yog li ntawd, nws combines tag nrho ib zaug-fashionable yeej: Gothic, Renaissance, baroque thiab txawm rococo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau hloov nws lub destiny. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ib tug fortification, thiab ces xauv, ces fashionable Royal qhov chaw nyob, ces - lub tsev cia puav pheej, thiab ces qhov chaw uas sab ntsuj plig lub neej twb rau nruab nrab.

Interestingly lwm - lub feem qhov chaw uas ua tau muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais (Kaliningrad):

• Qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub coronation ntawm lub Prussian vajntxwv - Tsev fuabtais Kirk.
• Sau los ntawm phau tau txhais thiab phau ntawv - "Nyiaj tsev qiv ntawv."
• "Ntshav Court" yog nyob rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm cawu cub bar.
• "Firmari" vaj tse.
• Tsev fuabtais Moos pej thuam.
• Ib tug loj nrog rau receptions.
• Oatmeal Ntauwd - ib tug octagonal qauv.
• Tsev fuabtais Pas dej.
• Baroque tis nrog muaj koob muaj npe lag hu ua Friedrichsbau los yog Unfriedtbau. Nws muaj ob peb chav: lub Throne, Tsom iav, Tawv, Kev Tua Tsiaj, Ceramic, Kev txiav txim ntawm cov dub dav dawb hau, thiab cov Ancestral Hall; lub qub thaj chaw ntawm lub Imperial salon quarters ntawm lub Crown tub huabtais, cov huab tais thiab cov imperial wardrobe chav pw; Chav hnub yug ntawm Frederick kuv, banners thiab cov qauv, poj huab tais Louise; chav thiab huab tais lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Institutions, ib zaug stationed nyob rau hauv Königsberg Tsev fuabtais

• "Prussia" archaeological sau.
• Lub Supreme Court of Prussia.
• State Archive ntawm tus huab tais.
• Lub Amber Room.
• Provincial tsev cia puav pheej.
• Khiav ib tug tsev cia puav pheej ntawm East Prussia.

Lub tsev fuabtais hnub no

Niaj hnub no peb yuav pom xwb lub ruins ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Kaliningrad. Tab sis txawm lub remnants ntawm no historic lub tsev tsis muab so rau cov neeg hauv zos, excites lub tswv yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm muaj tau ua excavations thiab sib tham tau ntawm lub tsev restoration.

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov yam, uas tso cai rau koj mus tshawb loj thiab me me tsev qauv thiab lwm yam lus. Nyob rau lookout nyob heev tiag tiag jousting tournaments, nrog los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm nthuav cov kev ua ub thiab tsim nyog decorations.

Archaeological excavations rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Kaliningrad

Lub archaeological ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm rau 7 xyoo, mus txog rau thaum 2008. Ces, vim ib tug tsis muaj nyiaj thiab indifference nyob rau ib feem ntawm lub nroog Hall ntawm Kaliningrad, lub excavations tau txiav. Tab sis cov nqe lus nug ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv rau lub archaeological chaw ua hauj lwm yog tseem qhib.

Tos rov qab

Nyob rau hauv 2009, qhov kev pab cuam rau cov reconstruction ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Kaliningrad tau tsim, ua txawm contest, tiam sis tsuas yog lub qub vaj tse ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tsis muab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyiaj txiag teebmeem. Ces dua peb txiav txim siab los tuav ib tug referendum, tab sis thaum nyob rau hauv 2010 muab txoj kev mus rau lub xeev thiab lub regional tsoom fwv, qhov teeb meem yog tsis nce.

Niaj hnub no peb paub hais tias tus kho tshiab ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Kaliningrad tseem muaj. Thaum tsuas yog nws npaj rau kev mus txawj tej yam ntxiv, tab sis tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas lub municipality pom muaj ib tug neeg tos ua hauj lwm.

Muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais (Kaliningrad): Chaw Nyob

Tau kev pab, koj yuav tau hu rau: 8 (911) 868 31 76. Lub ruins ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv tsev fuabtais yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab square, nyob ze ntawm lub tsev ntawm soviets (Shevchenko, 2).

Niaj hnub no, kuj mob yog cov lus nug ntawm lub restoration ntawm Konigsberg. Muaj coob tus neeg inclined ntseeg hais tias tus Russians tsis xav tau ib tug neeg mus ncig tebchaws attraction, nws tsis yog peb zaj dabneeg. Lwm tus ntseeg hais tias tus muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais tas yuav ua rau ib tug ib txwm hauv lub xeev. Peb coj qhov kev txiav txim los ob peb lub sij hawm, tab sis yeej tsis, nws tsis tau tuaj mus dhau. Yuav ua li cas yuav lub sij hawm no - tsuas yog lub sij hawm yuav qhia rau.