Rurik kev sib hais haum, Veliky Novgorod li: chaw nyob, cov duab thiab cov kev txheeb xyuas

Veliky Novgorod - ib lub nroog nyob qhov twg muaj tsis muaj tsis txaus ntawm tej yam uas yuav ua li cas. Nws tau ntev lawm ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau mus xyuas qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub teb chaws thiab tseem muaj siab zoo siab nrog tus tshiab archaeological discoveries uas los teeb rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm ancient Russia. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Rurik kev sib hais haum, uas tshwm sim Novgorod.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lub archaeological site

Rurik kev sib hais haum (Veliky Novgorod), ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas yog hais hauv qab no, zaum tau pib kawm los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Tus thawj excavations tau nqa tawm los ntawm archaeologist N. Polyansky. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1910 nws twb hloov los ntawm ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm pab neeg ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam coj los ntawm tus artist-philosopher Nikolai Roerich, thiab los ntawm 1975 mus rau tam sim hnub (nrog so) ua hauj lwm muaj lub koom haum ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Material Culture nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm E. N. Nosova.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb Mounds xws ancient kev cai khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tau qhia raws li:

• remnants ntawm Neolithic (2-3 txhiab BC)
• hais sib haum muaj hnub nyoog hlau (thawj txhiab BC. e.).

Qhov loj tshaj archaeological pom ua rau ntawm qhov chaw

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev cai khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg 9-11 centuries zaum tau pom ntau yam ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab cov tub rog cov khoom. Muaj kuj tau pom birchbark txawv cov ntsiab lus, ib co princely cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntawm hmoov txhuas, peb cov khoom muaj nqis dirhams, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Arab, Byzantine npib thiab Western European lub teb chaws, iav, carnelian thiab siv lead ua cov hlaws dai thiab tej daim ntawm almond thiab Walnut zoo li. Tag nrho cov artifacts yog pov thawj ntawm active luam mus Novgorod nrog nyob sib ze thiab nyob deb lub teb chaws ntawm medieval teb chaws Europe thiab Asia.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub excavations kuj pom qhov chaw ntawm lub dos, tes taw hnyav, Frisian zuag ntsis plaub hau, ntoo qho khoom ua si swords, tes taw hnyav li ntawm ntos, cov tsoos ancient iav bangles, suav cim npe, koob, cover thiab birch stems, shards ntawm amphorae thiab tshaj.

Rurik kev sib hais haum (Novgorod) dua yuam los tham txog nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv 2003, thaum nws pom birch ntoo, uas yog ib tug fragment ntawm ib tsab ntawv los ntawm ob peb cov kwv tij mus nws niam nws txiv, uas raug xa mus rau tus tub huabtais ntawm Novgorod.

"Varyagsky tom ntej no»

Los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm Scandinavian Rurik kev sib hais haum uas nrhiav tau, nrog rau lub keeb kwm kev sib hais haum ntawm zes qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Dnieper, nws yog ib lub richest tho rau sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Europe. Cov ob yam khoom ncaj qha ua raws li cov nto moo tshaj plaws chaw ntawm Scandinavia Birka thiab Hedeby. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav ritual khoom thiab ornaments. Cov lawv plhaub-li, annular ravnoplechnye thiab brooches, pendants 2 bronze, nyob rau hauv uas muaj runiform inscriptions hlau hryvnia nrog cim aim Thor daim duab Valkirii nyiaj li al.

Rurik kev sib hais haum (Novgorod): lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws mention ntawm tus kwv yuav muaj nyob rau hauv "Lub taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo". Raws li ib tug txhais lus ntawm no historic ntawv, nyob rau hauv 862, lub inhabitants ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas Novgorod twb nrhiav tau tom qab hu ua Varyaga Ryurika kav rau lawv tus kheej lub teb chaws. Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ancient kev sib hais haum princely chaw nyob twb ua tau raws li ib tug fortress-lub zos nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob, nws thiab nws cov tub cheev xwm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Volkhov dej, txoj cai ntawm txoj kev "los ntawm lub Vikings rau lub Greeks."

Lub tom ntej keeb kwm ntawm Rurik hais sib haum

Nyob rau hauv 9-10 centuries princely chaw nyob ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Volkhov yog tus thawj hais sib haum nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm niaj hnub Novgorod, t. E. Cov laus lub zos. Nws occupies ib tug kuj me me cheeb tsam (6 - 7 ha) nyob rau hauv ib tug txhawb txoj hauj lwm, uas yog nyob rau ntawm ib kob nyob rau hauv lub dej nyab poured. ncej dav ntawm lub zos mus txog 8 meters, thiab qhov siab - 5 meters.

Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm Rurik kev sib hais haum yog fortified nrog ib tug ntoo ncej designs thiab defended los ntawm ib tug moat. Hais sib haum muaj ib tug privileged qhov chaw, raws li nws twb ncig los ntawm dej ciam teb, thiab los ntawm lub qhov siab ntawm lub roob nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau lw lub zaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub Volkhov dej nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Ilmen.

Yam txawv lub tsev fuabtais muaj tsev nyob ib pagan sanctuary - Peryn. Raws li archaeological tshawb pom, ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem twb koom nyob rau hauv kev sib hais haum crafts xws li bronze casting, pob txha carving thiab lwm tus neeg.

Hillfort tom qab lub thib kaum rau caug xyoo,

Nyob rau hauv 990 xyoo ntawm ancient kev sib hais haum, khaws cia rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus tub huabtais lub chaw nyob, tau muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug muaj nuj nqi ntawm socio-economic chaw ntawm lub zos uas tau arisen nyob ib ncig ntawm tus npis sov lub tsev hais plaub.

Tom qab lub revolt ntawm Novgorod nyob rau hauv 1136 nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws tseem yuav nyob None chaw nyob. Txawm li cas los, nws yog nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm cob moos, nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm cov Great Novgorod.

Rurik kev sib hais haum (chaw nyob Novgorod koog tsev kawm ntawv, d. Pov toj) nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm yog qhov chaw uas nws thaum yau yav tom ntej tub huabtais Aleksandra Nevskogo. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv sij hawm sib txawv ntawm cov keeb kwm nres los yog nyob Dmitry Donskoy, Vasiliy Temny, Ivan III thiab Ivan Grozny.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Annunciation

Rurik kev sib hais haum (Veliky Novgorod) yog tseem nthuav vim hais tias ntawm lub ruins ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm thaum ntxov 12th cov xyoo pua situated nyob rau ntawd. Nyob rau hauv 1103 nws tau nrhiav tau tus tub Vladimira Monomaha thiab tus uas kav lub Novgorod, Mstislav Vladimirovich. Annunciation ntawm pib tom qab lub thib ob kev sib txuas lus. Sofia pob zeb tsev ntawm lub nroog thiab tus tub huabtais lub chaw nyob twb tsiv muaj. Nws, nrog rau Nikolsky thiab St. George Cathedral (Yuriev Monastery), ua tau los ntawm Peter lub Great - tus thawj Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse hais nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1342-1343 rau lub site ntawm lub Dilapidated lub tuam tsev tau tsa ib lub tshiab, uas sawv rau 600 xyoo, raws li ntev raws li thaum lub sij hawm WWII twb tsis bombed tus yeeb ncuab artillery. Ruins ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Annunciation muab ib tug lub tswv yim ntshiab hais txog dab tsi zoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj tau li cas rau cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm peb lub teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub fascist hordes.

"Tub huabtais lub pob zeb"

Rurik kev sib hais haum (Novgorod) yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab chaw ntawm lub solemn kev ua koob tsheej ntawm lub 1150 th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab statehood. Cuaj hlis 22, 2012, lub xyoo nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub keeb kwm monument twb qhib "Knyazhye pob zeb." Nws yog ib tug lossis loj pob tsuas uas hais txog 40 tons. Nws yog engraved nrog ib tug hais ntawm ib tug naas ej Radzivilovskoy cov ntaub ntawv, uas ua tim khawv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia.

Veliky Novgorod, Rurik kev sib hais haum: yuav ua li cas tau muaj los ntawm lub tsheb

Qhov no iconic landmarks yuav hu tau los ntawm tus kheej los yog pej xeem cov tsheb. Yog hais tias koj ua raws li nyob rau hauv Rurik kev sib hais haum (Veliky Novgorod), yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau hauv lub tsheb, pab pointers. Kuj nyuam qhuav nteg tawm ua ntej nws txoj kev daj sandstone. Qhov no txhais tau tias yog ib tug txoj kev Moscow - Novgorod tig mus Sholokhovo, tsav rau tus Cawm Seej Nereditsa thiab ntxiv mus rau lub teeb meem, ces taug kev mus rau lub ruins tau mus xwb 2-3 feeb.

Ua ntej Rurik sib hais haum yuav tsum mus txog ntawm lub npav naj npawb 186 (lub sij hawm ntawm lawm thaum 7:25, 8:25, 14:00, 19:05), tom ntej no mus lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej rau Nereditsa. Thaum tawm los ntawm tus xeem nres, koj yuav tsum rov qab mus rau hauv txoj kev thiab taug kev nrog rau tej pas dej tauv li tus dej Volkhov. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tig sab laug thiab ua raws li cov leem txoj kev raws tus dej mus rau feem ntau attractions.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis Volkhov ua mus ua si nyob rau hauv lub nkoj "Veche", nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev pab cuam muaj xws li ib tug mus ntsib mus rau Rurik kev sib hais haum. Ncig saib lub sij hawm: thaum 11:00 nyob rau hauv hnub Saturday thiab 14:15 - Sunday.

Xyuas

Raws li cov neeg uas twb mus rau lawv Veliky Novgorod - Rurik kev sib hais haum (deb nyob rau hauv kilometers ntawm qhov chaw yog 2), tom qab lub installation ntawm ib tug tshiab txoj kev muaj peev xwm yuav mus txog tsis muaj teeb meem rau tej hom ntawm lub tsheb. Tsuas yog rau lub sij hawm ntawm pouring tus dej Volkhov, thaum nws yog tsis pom zoo kom mus saib no attraction.

Zoo tswv yim yog feem ntau devoted mus rau lub zoo kawg li hom uas yog qhib los ntawm cov toj fort rau cov dej saum npoo, raws li zoo raws li lub Kremlin thiab cov St. George lub Monastery. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub excursion yuav muab tag nrho nrog ua si rau lub puam thiab phoj nrog barbecue nyob rau hauv ib tug kev ua si hauv cheeb tsam tom ntej no mus rau lub landmark. Nrog kev xav txog cov lus ntawm tourists, ntau cov neeg mus hais tias tag nrho cov tswv yim ntawm ib tug mus ntsib mus rau lub qub qhov chaw nyob ntawm Rurik spoils tojntxas, nyob tom ntej no lub qhov rooj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov qhua sau tseg tias txawm hais tias qhov chaw no mas nws yeej muaj ntau yam zoo rau sightseeing raws li nws muaj peev xwm yuav ntaus nqi mus rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev txaus siab rau cov neeg mus nrog teeb meem loj.

Tam sim no koj paub tias dab tsi yog ib tug raug me ntsis-paub sights yuav pom los ntawm mus rau Veliky Novgorod. Rurik kev sib hais haum, uas koj yuav tau mus rau ob qho tag nrho cov Volkhov, thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom - yog ib tug piv qhov chaw, lub birthplace ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev, yog li ntawd muaj yog tsim nyog mus ntsib ib tug neeg twg uas qhov tseem ceeb lub keeb kwm ntawm nws lub teb chaws.