Radziwiłł chronicle ntawv nyeem, kawm hauj lwm

Thawj nrhiav kom tau lub sij hawm ntawm tus hlob thiab, thiab thiaj li lub ntsiab, yog radziwiłł chronicle. Tag nrho rau hauv lub ensuing daim ntawv teev cov "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo" yog ua tau ib daim ntawv luam ntawm nws.

Tus thawj tswv

Janusz Radziwill, Vilna tswv xeev thiab cov tub rog commander ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania yog tus tswv ntawm lub scroll nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Ua tau, sawv cev ntawm lub magnate tsev neeg chronicle nws tau txais nws lub npe. Raws li ib cov ntaubntawv povthawj ua qhov kawg ntawm Vaj Keeb Kwm, nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Yanushu Radzivillu muab nws Stanislav Zenovevich, tus sawv cev ntawm lub petty gentry, uas muaj tus ntawv sau ua ntej, raws li evidenced los ntawm annotation nyob rau hauv lub ntug. Leej Txiv Janusz, None ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Roman faj tim teb chaws Boguslaw Radziwill, nyob rau hauv 1671 tau hais tseg lub chronicle nyob rau hauv lub Koenigsberg tsev qiv ntawv uas nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv 1715 thiab kom mus ua tau ib daim qauv ntawm Peter kuv ntawm (raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, tus huab tais xa ib daim qauv ntawm cov 1711-m). Thiab thaum nyob rau hauv 1761 lub nroog raug ntes los ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, lub chronicle raug tshem tawm thiab thauj mus rau lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences. Li no tus thib ob lub npe uas yog radziwiłł chronicle - Königsberg, tom qab hauv lub nroog uas nws twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua mus txog rau thaum lub caij thaum twg, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug trophy tuaj rau Russia, coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Xya Xyoo 'ua tsov ua rog. Cov ntaub ntawv no thawj zaug thiab tsuas muab lub tswvyim ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia thiab nws cov neeg nyob ze los ntawm V rau XIII xyoo pua. Ib tug yuav xav txog tej yam qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no monumental keeb kwm pov thawj.

Thawj phau ntawv nrog illustrations

Tab sis lub uniqueness ntawm nws tseem yog qhov tseeb hais tias radziwiłł chronicle - tus hlob thiab tus tsuas yog ib tug uas muaj feem xyuam rau lub sij hawm illustrated, los yog lub ntsej muag (pleev xim rau ntsej muag) daim ntawv. Nws muaj 618 Miniatures, muab, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub schematic, ib tug zoo tseeb ntawm lub era. Koenigsberg Chronicle (lwm feem ntau hais chronicle lub npe) yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog lwm yam zoo xws European keeb kwm ntaub ntawv uas universally pom tau hais tias ntiaj teb no masterpieces - Bulgarian Chronicle Konstantina Manassii, Hungary chronicle ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua thiab tus naas ej Grandes Chroniques de France. Thiab nyob rau hauv no series radziwiłł chronicle faib kom muaj nuj nqis thiab qhov wealth ntawm illustrations. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias precious daim ntawv rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm lub hav zoov ntawm ho cuam tshuam, ua rau frayed npoo tau trimmed, decayed phau ntawv twb hloov ob peb zaug.

Vaj Keeb Kwm Vladimir-Suzdalian ceg chronicle

Qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm thiab lub authenticity ntawm lub Vaj Keeb Kwm yog tseem ua txom sib cav tswv yim. Ruthenian keeb kwm, txawm Smolensk, yog tam sim no lub feem ntau tsim nyog Rev. iey. Paub meej tias lub compound Belarus thiab Great-adverbs thiab thumbnails, uas muaj Western European cawv. Annals Radzivilovskaya tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob ze rau qhov Moscow-Academic daim ntawv teev Suzdal annals. No sau yog muab cia rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau lub xeev cov tsev qiv ntawv. Lenin.

Ob phau tau txhais pom zoo rau qhov kev siv ntawm Novgorod kom txog rau thaum 1206, uas xaus rau narrative ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tom qab nyob rau hauv lub Moscow-Academic chronicle yog lwm phau ntawv uas qhia txog cov kev tshwm sim kom txog rau thaum 1419. Radziwiłł chronicle yog ib tug priceless monument, txawm sau nyob rau hauv lub XIII xyoo pua. Nws tseem nyob rau hauv lub ob lub npe, namely: lub sij Radzivilovskom thiab Moscow-Academic.

Yuav ua li cas narrate keeb kwm?

Radzivilovskaya chronicle qhia txog Igorya Svyatoslavovicha phiaj los nqis tes, hais txog yuav ua li cas nws twb yuav los ntawm lub Konchak thiab dim los ntawm nws thiab Ovlur, hu Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Lavxias teb sab princes mus hais lus rau Kanev. Kuv qhia rau nws hais txog cov tawm tsam tawm tsam Konchak Vladimir Glebovich, qhia txog lub campaigns tiv thaiv Constantinople, lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov Pechenegs thiab Polovtsy. Muaj kuj yog ib tug sau ntawm tributes, thiab lwm yam lus rau thumbnails depicting lub glorious deeds ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab princes.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm Koenigsberg Chronicle thiaj li muaj ntau uncertainties. Nws yog tsis paub hais tias thaum uas nws thov, thiab qhov chaw uas nws tau sau, seb cov duab thiab cov ntawv nyeem yog thawj.

Keeb kwm ntawv los yog falsification?

Lub fact tias cov hiob keeb kwm ntaub ntawv radziwiłł chronicle - ib tug fake, sau los ntawm ntau yam. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog suav hais tias yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws pov thawj ntawm cov Polish ntawv uas yog sau lub Chronicle. Nco los xij nyob rau hauv kev ua xyem xyav, tsim ib tug ntawv nyeem learn yog bunched paintings. Tom qab ntawd cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias cov ntawv sau tau kav tsawg kawg yog peb lub sij hawm, thiab ntawm lub thib ob thiab thib peb lub sij hawm yog ib tug heev loj lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Qhov thib peb artist yog tshwj xeeb yog kev txhoj puab heev: nws hloov lub teeb thiab khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub Miniatures. Muaj ntau mysteries evoked ntsees European khaub ncaws, uas nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yuav tsis tau. Ntawm no yog lawv ib yam dab tsi thiab yog muaj nqi nrog peb pravschiku. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, cov me nyuam yug Königsberg chronicles ntau mysteries thiab teeb meem. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb txoj kev yog kev txhim kho tag nrho lub sij hawm, thiab muaj ib hnub qhov tseeb yog ices. Kiv cua yuav sau dua tshiab keeb kwm, rau fake nws rau lawv tus kheej luv luv-term hom phiaj yeej ib txwm tau txaus.

"Tus kheej" Rurik - tej nuj nqis Norman tsis English los yog Swedish los yog Dutch

Tam sim no muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kev sib tham nrog hais txog yog vim li cas rusichi hu ua nyob rau hauv txoj cai seb tus neeg txawv teb chaws thiab lawv hu ua lawv nyob rau tag nrho cov. Tej zaum dis ity ib tug neeg yog muaj txiaj ntsim qhia Lavxias teb sab ruam, thiab los ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog. Radziwiłł chronicle txoj hauj lwm Normans lub xeev. Thiab nws tseem yog nyob rau hauv ib co tsis ntseeg nyob rau hauv nws cov uas tsis yog-kev koom tes. Lwm yam kev soj ntsuam, uas kuj tsis zoo li qhov tseeb ntawm kev hu mus rau txawv teb chaws los kav, lawv hais tias, xa mus rau VN Tatishcheva uas Rurik yog ib tug Slav thiab feem ntau hais lus ib tug Slavic lus. Lwm tus xav yog vim li cas VN Tatischev, industrialists thiab economists, thiab txawm ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Rurik, lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia twb entrusted. Lawv ntseeg tias yog ib tug zoo li ntau yam tseeb nyob rau hauv nws mystified.