Niobium sawb: ntau lawm, khoom, daim ntawv thov

Niobium yog ib hom tshuaj lom neeg muaj 41 leeg. Nws tau pom thawj zaug thaum xyoo 19th, tab sis nws qhov kev paub tau muab ncua ntev txog 150 xyoos. Tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1950 los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm International Union of Applied and Theoretical Chemistry, cov atom tau faib nws lub xov tooj ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab ntawm Mendeleyev. Yuav kom siv cov khoom zoo ntawm lub caij hauv kev lag luam, tus niobium sawb yog tsim los ntawm nws. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws tsis muaj dab tsi txawv. Tag nrho nws cov peev xwm yog qhia thaum tsim cov kev sib tov, kev daws thiab lwm yam sib txuas.

Extraction ntawm niobium

Kev loj hlob ntawm niobium ore yog ib qho txheej txheem heev thiab kim heev. Tag nrho vim hais tias nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib tuj ntawm pob zeb tsis ntau tshaj 24 grams. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caij no yog qhov nyuaj heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm tantalum vim tias muaj cov tshuaj zoo sib xws.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, nws yog pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv tawg - nyob rau hauv igneous pob zeb thiab muaju, zoo li nyob rau hauv cov composition ntawm ib co minerals - pyrochlore, loparite, columbite-tantalite. No lub caij nyoog ntawm qhov systemic yog rho tawm ntawm cov tebchaw sawv cev. Kev tsim cov niobium muaj peb theem:

1. Qhib ntawm ib tug yug nrog ib theem siab ntawm niobium tshuaj.
2. Sib cais ntawm niobium los ntawm tantalum, qhov kev npaj ntawm lawv cov kev ntshiab huv.
3. Rov qab thiab huv huv ntawm hlau thiab nws cov phom tuaj ntawm impurities.

Lub hauv paus ntawm cov voj voog ntau lawm yog kev kub thermal kev siv siv txhuas, sodium lossis carbon. Cov niobium bands ncaj qha tau los ntawm nias lub hmoov, sintering hmoov "ntsuas" hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, thiab los ntawm electro beam arc melting.

Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb

Vim nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws, niobium yog siv ntau lub lag luam. Txhawb lub txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia txog lub hauv paus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov qauv kev sau ntawv, ntau yam khoom uas muag, xws li cov xim niobium. Lub ntsiab yam khoom tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog niobium carbide, uas muaj kev ntxim ntxawg ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Rau alloy ib tuj ntawm hlau, tsuas yog 200 grams ntawm niobium ntxiv. Cov hlau txhuam tau yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev kub ntxhov thiab yas, tsis tshua muaj brittleness, zoo tiv thaiv kom corrosion. Lub caij no kuj yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv non-ferrous hlau, hauv particular txhuas, los ntawm alkalis thiab acids.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm niobium

Qhov niobium strip feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho kev noj tshuaj rau kev tsim cov ciab hlau los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj ferrous thiab ferrous. Lub ntsiab ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm niobium yog foob pob hluav taws engineering, xov tooj cua thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj siv hluav taws xob engineering, aviation thiab chaw engineering.

Kev siv cov xim hlau, los yog ntshiab, niobium yog vim muaj pes tsawg tus nws cov khoom siv tau. Ntawm lawv, tshwj xeeb yog siab refractoriness, corrosion tsis kam, muaj peev xwm los txhim kho lub kub kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov conductivity.

Qhov tshwj xeeb uas cov niobium band possesses yog siv xoom kev koom nrog uranium isotopes ntawm kub txog 1100 degrees Celsius. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsawg. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau nws siv los tiv thaiv cov nuclear reactors, nrog rau cov thawv rau khaws cia siv hluav taws xob roj.

Cov khoom ntawm niobium

Los ntawm cov hlau niobium, cov khoom raug tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm nuclear kev lag luam. Ntawm no, nws muab shells rau uranium thiab plutonium tshav kub-tshem cov ntim, ntim rau khaws cia kua hlau, cov pa phem. Khoom siv los ntawm niobium yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv super-powerful. Nrog nws pab txo cov tsis kam ntawm cov neeg sib tw, yog li muab cov cryotrons - super-high-conductivity cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub computer. Hauv Austria, kev siv nyiaj thiab niobium yog siv rau cov nyiaj npib sau nyiaj.