Nkag siab - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas? Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yards nyob rau hauv ib tug 'meter' thiab tsawg tshaj li ib mais

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nyob rau hauv Russia los ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb thiab ntev ntawm kev siv ntawm nws lub cev. Peb ntsuas tus ntiv tes, xib teg, cov kauj ruam. Feem ntau kev ntsuas ntawm ntev yog xya ob txhais taw. Nws lub npe los ntawm qhov qhia txog kev "syagat", uas txhais tau tias - tes ncav tsis cuag. Qhov no paus yog tseem fwm nyob rau hauv lo lus "unattainable". Nws yog ntseeg hais tias xws heev subjective ntsuas ntev, vim hais tias cov kev loj hlob thiab loj ntawm lub ob txhais tes ntawm tag nrho cov neeg yog cov sib txawv. Tab sis txawm qhov no, nyob rau hauv Russia, peb ua zoo nkauj temples thiab harmonious qauv. Nrog rau cov kev taw qhia txog lub metric system nyob rau hauv lub USSR, qhov ntev ntawm lub qub ntsuas tau tsis nco qab lawm. Yog li ntawd, ob peb cov neeg paub tam sim no, rau taw - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas.

Ancient ntsuas ntev

Deb peb pog koob yawg koob los yog yardstick ntsuas cov kauj ruam uas tau sib npaug zos rau 72 centimeters. Thaum ntsuas los ntawm officers twb kauj ruam - yooj yim fathoms los yog threes - breech fathoms. Ntev mus ntsuas nyob rau hauv mais. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, qhov no kev ntsuas no kuj hu ua "teb". Nws ntev yog varied nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub yards thiab tus nqi ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd differed mezhevaya thiab mus ncig teb chaws mais. Qhov nruab nrab deb ntawm ib mais - ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj ib tug kilometer. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yards tsawg tshaj li ib mais, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txhais tau precisely. Feem ntau, 500 rau 750, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th tau ntsia mais ntawm 1000 yards.

Yuav kom ntsuas me me mus siv los ntawm lwm yam kev ntsuas. Npuag ntsuas lub luj tshib, li ntawd, tub txawj tub ntse tau xaiv me me stature sellers. Lwm heev ancient ntsuas ntawm ntev - qhov no luv. Nws yog sib npaug zos rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm nws outstretched ntiv tes: loj thiab medium. Qhov no yog hais txog 19 mus rau 23 centimeters. Thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kev ntsuas ntawm ntev - nti - yuav luag 4.5 centimeters. Qhov no deb yog ntsuas daim ntau quav tso nrog ob tug ntiv tes - Performance index thiab nruab nrab.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab fathoms

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm zaum yuav tsis to taub yuav ua li cas ib qho kev ntsuas uas siv los ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab builders. Tab sis tom qab archaeologists pom ib lub pob zeb uas twb engraved: "Gleb Duke ntsuas lub 10,000 thiab 4,000 yards.", Yog tau xam tus nqi ntawm 151 fathoms centimeter. Qhov no coincided nrog soj ntsuam ntawm lwm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws ntsuas. Muaj ntau ntau yam yards, uas tau siv rau nyias qhov ntev thiab siv. Ua li no tshwj xeeb fathoms ntawm hlua thiab ntoo "triptych".

Tam sim no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias, xya ob txhais taw - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas? Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nws tau txais breech xya ob txhais taw, uas yog sib npaug zos rau 216 centimeters. Nws muaj ib tug rau taw 72 centimeters. Tab sis Petus ua tus hu Lavxias teb sab fathoms nrog British kev ntsuas ntawm ntev - thiab li hloov qhov ntev ntawm ib tug vaj. Nws tsis yeem. Thiab, raws li, pib nkag siab qhov ntev sib npaug zos rau 213 centimeters. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1924, cov kev ntsuas ntawm ntev nkaus tawm ntawm qhov kev siv, pib siv cov metric system rau ntsuam. Feem ntau kev ntsuas ntawm ntev mus 1 'meter'. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yards nws yog ib feem, tam sim no nws yog ib qhov nyuaj hais. Ntau ntau ancient paub ploj, tab sis zaum maj mam restore lub qub system ntawm kev ntsuas.

Nkag siab - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas?

Chiv, tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab kev ntsuas qhov ntev thiab deb tau ntsuas los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Thiab yog hais tias lub suab thiab lub luj tshib - nws yog ib qhov tseeb ntau npaum li cas, yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab fathoms ntev? Yog hais tias lub Txhab nyiaj twb teem kom haum rau hauv daim duab nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm ib tug vaj, nws yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov neeg "centrifugal nkag siab" tau txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub spaced apart caj npab ntawm ib tug neeg laus txiv neej. Nws yog kwv yees li ob thiab ib tug ib nrab los yog 176 yards ntawm centimeters. Tab sis nws yog lub feem ntau ancient ntsuas ntev, nyob rau hauv raws li uas twb ua lub tswb ntauwd Ivana Velikogo nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin. Txij li thaum lub 17th caug xyoo nws twb tsuas yog siv ntawv.

Ntau hom kev yards nyob rau hauv Russia

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm ntau yam ntawm lawv yog tseem tsis paub hais tias. Nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias ib co tau nyob rau hauv Russia, thaum lwm tus neeg raug borrowed. Piv txwv li, lawv hais tias lub tsev teev ntuj xya ob txhais taw, uas yog sib npaug zos rau 186 centimeters, yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub ancient Roman ntsuas ntev, tus muaj koob muaj npe - tus Iyiv, thiab cov poj - Lithuanian. Muaj tseem Greek, uas muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 230 centimeters. Muaj kuj me me, yardstick, lub policeman, lub Txhab nyiaj, yooj yim, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Lawv twb tsis proportional thiab cov zauv ntawm txhua lwm yam. Txawm li ntawd feem ntau nws tshwm sim hais tias txawv neeg siv ntau hom kev ntsuas.

Cov feem ntau fathoms

Muaj ntau ntau nrov hom siv los ntawm tag nrho cov. Nws yog tus hiob: ib tug yooj yim xya ob txhais taw, uas yog sib npaug zos rau 150 centimeters, folk los yog flywheel - 176 centimeters thiab oblique xya ob txhais taw - 248 centimeters. Nws ntev yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub outstretched ntiv tes nws txhais tes thiab lub opposite ko taw diagonally. Cov tswvyim dim nyob rau hauv lub paj lug 'oblique xya ob txhais taw nyob rau lub xub pwg nyom. " Yog li ntawd peb yuav tau tham txog heroes. Muaj kuj yog ib tug me me xya ob txhais taw, uas yog sib npaug zos rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub outstretched txhais tes rau hauv pem teb. Nws li cas 142 centimeters. Yog li ntawd nws yog heev yooj yim mus hais tias, xya ob txhais taw - qhov no yog yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam centimeters. Koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv raws li qhov uas qhov ntev ntawm cov nqe lus nug.

Raws li siv fathoms nyob rau hauv Russia

Ntoo thiab hlua txoj kev uas siv nyob rau hauv kev ncua deb ntsuas, piv txwv li, los mus txiav txim qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov av thiab kev tsim kho. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias txhua tus tswv tau nws tus kheej koj tus kheej nkag siab. Lawv raug faib nyob ib ncig ntawm 10 ntau hom ntawm lawv, tag nrho cov uas yog tsis tag nrho cov xov tooj, thiab twb tsis zauv ntawm txhua lwm yam. Lawv tau siv mas rau qhov ntsuas ntawm nruab nrab qhov tseem ceeb. Tam sim no ib tug fathom equated rau ob meters, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev nws loj yog hom twg los ntawm 142 mus 248 centimeters. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas txaus siab nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yards nyob rau hauv ib 'meter', teem rau tsis muaj ib tug siv tau cov lus nug.

Lavxias teb sab architecture

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias rau siv nyob rau hauv Russia siv txawv fathoms, ancient temples thiab lwm cov tuam tsev yog ciav yuav ua li cas sib haum xeeb thiab proportionality. Yog vim li cas thiaj yog li no? Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm vaj tse ntawm cov ancient architects tau tso siab rau tej yam ntuj tso proportions. Yuav ua li cas hauv paus ntsiab lus tau thov nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho?

Qhov ntev ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub qhov siab ntawm cov vaj tse muaj tag nrho tus nqi ntawm yards. Qhov no yog raws li tej ntsiab cai ntawm lub "golden seem".

Rau kev tsim kho twb yeej ib txwm siv tsis ib tiam sis ob peb fathoms. Ib tug mus rau ntsuas lub dav ntawm lub tsev, cov lwm yam - rau qhov ntev. Qhov siab txiav txim los ntawm ib tug thib peb fathoms, thiab sab hauv ntawm lub plaub los. Yog hais tias lub tsev yog lwm pem teb, ces siv rau hauv nws siv ntau tshaj ib tug fathoms.

Lwm feature - thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm tau txais me me kev ntsuas ntawm ntev ua los mus faib ua ob fathoms. Tau polsazheni quarter fathoms (los yog lub luj tshib), yim (inch) thiab ib puas thiab peb caug ob (inch).

Yog vim li cas ancient tsev zoo li harmonious

Dua li ntawm qhov complexity ntawm cov lus teb thiab kev siv ntau yam systems yards, ancient lug tseem muaj siab zoo siab cov neeg uas muaj nws proportionality thiab aesthetic perfection. Leej twg xav tias xis nyob rau hauv lawv, vim hais tias lawv yog ua nrog kev siv ntawm tib neeg proportions. Thiab tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi fathoms muaj ib tug tej yam tsis tu ncua nqi. Txhua yam ntawm lawv sawv los ntawm cov kev ntsuam ua nrog rau qhov kev pab los ntawm ob txhais tes, luj tshib, caj npab thiab tib neeg txhais taw.

Tag nrho cov ancient tsev zoo li kuj ceeb tias harmonious thiab proportionate lwm yog vim li cas uas siv tej yam ntuj tso peb-ib feem, es tshaj cov niaj hnub ob-feem hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lawv cov partitioning. Ntxiv mus, zaum tau pom hais tias tus piv ntawm ntev fathoms rau me me hnov mus rau ib tug "golden seem". Thiab qhov no tus xov tooj yog xam txog li plaub decimal qhov chaw.

Niaj hnub nimno cov neeg yeej paub txog lub tswvyim ntawm "nkag siab", mas los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics los yog paj lug. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub qhia "oblique xya ob txhais taw nyob rau lub xub pwg nyom" yog siv xws li "koj nyob rau ua lag ua luam rau ib lub lim tiam, thiab nws yog nyob rau koj - nyob sazhenku," "teev yuav tsum tau tub nkeeg - xya taw" thiab ib txhia lwm leej lwm tus. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias muaj ntau yog xav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug: fathom - qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas? Txawm tias, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug unambiguous lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no yuav muab.