Linguistics. Cim suab, kev faib ntawm niam

Txhua txhua lo lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus muaj ntawv niam. Ib suam ntawm niam kawm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv universities. Cov ntaub ntawv uas yog muab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tsis tshua muaj pab tau rau menyuam kawm ntawv-philologists. Tsaug rau nws, lawv yuav kawm txog cov qauv ntawm phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Cov tsab xov xwm kuj muaj ob peb nthuav tseeb txog lub niam.

Phonetics thiab Linguistics. lus qhia dav dav

Linguistics (Linguistics) - kev kawm uas kawm no los yog tias cov lus, raws li tau zoo raws li nws cov kev khiav dej num, internal qauv thiab cov cai ntawm nws cov hauj lwm. Linguistics yog zoo txuas uas muaj ntau yam lwm yam kev spheres ntawm lub neej thiab plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txhua leej txhua tus lub neej. Linguistics yog intertwined nrog cov keeb kwm, archeology, ethnography, ntaub ntawv, psychology, physiology, anthropology, thiab philosophy.

Ntawv kawm phonetics. Ib suam ntawm niam, consonants nyob rau hauv no ceg ntawm science. Phonetics, raws li ib feem ntawm lug, yog tseem kawm suab, suab ob peb ua ke thiab cov qauv ntawm lawv kev twb kev txuas. Qhov no science twb tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Nws creation yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev kawm ntawv lag ntseg-mutes. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th pua yog thaum pib ntawm lub acoustic kev tshawb xav ntawm niam.

cim suab

Ib suam ntawm cim suab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov linguists. Nws pib mus kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis ib tug xav paub ntau dua kev qhia yog muab tsuas rau cov tub ntxhais kawm-philologists. Ntawv niam - yog ib tug ntawm cov ntau ntau yam ntawm lub suab, nyob rau hauv lub articulation ntawm qhov chaw uas cov huab cua tsis raug teeb meem loj obstacles. Nws yog yog li ntawd tseem ceeb siab yog tsim dua lub suab.

Acoustically articulation cim suab sawv cev raws li ib tug periodic oscillation. Ib suam ntawm niam thiab suab txawv ntau yam tsos mob uas yog tau piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Txawv nyob rau hauv kev tiav ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov kab noj hniav. Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog 10 vowels.

Ntawv niam los ntawm acoustic articulation kuj hu ua suab paj nruas suab. Nyob rau hauv lawv kuj koom nrog cov tsiaj ntawv muaj tib lub suab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, siv lub sij hawm "cim suab".

tej yam tshwm sim ntawm niam

Cim suab thiab lawv kev faib muaj ib co heev nta. Lawv paub tias txhua txhua linguist. Qhov tsab xov xwm no qhia txog ib co ntawm lawv:

1. Tus thawj kos npe rau - tus sawv. Nws yog txuam nrog ib tug ntsug cev lus. Muaj plaub hom rov qab: Upper; theem nrab qaum; nruab nrab hauv qab; tsawg dua. Tsis yog txhua txhua hom lus muaj nyob rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm nqa. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, muaj no tsuas muaj ib medium-ups.
2. Lwm feature - tus naj npawb. Nws yog txhais los ntawm ib tug kab rov tav tus nplaig txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm lub articulation. Muaj peb series: Pem hauv ntej; nruab nrab; rear.
3. Labialization ntawv niam txuam nrog rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob daim di ncauj. Piv txwv li, lub labial suab articulated los ntawm kev ncab ob daim di ncauj rau pem hauv ntej.
4. Phonation yog txuam nrog rau cov kev co ntawm cov vocal cords.

Acoustic kev faib ntawm niam

Tag nrho cov ntawv niam yog tsim los ntawm kev siv lub suab nrov ntawm lub suab. Lawv yuav ua tau tag nrho ob qho kev poob siab thiab unstressed. Nws nyob rau ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv ib tug lo lus. Nyob rau qhov no, tus niam hu ua muaj zog los yog tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv luv luv beeps sounding. Thaum lawv hais yog tsis yuav tsum tau nro ntawm lub vocal cords. Muaj zog ntawv niam lub suab ntau ntev. Thaum pronouncing lawv yuav tsum tau lim koj vocal cords.

Lub suab nrov ntawm niam - nws nesamorazlichitelnaya yam ntxwv. Nws yuav kis rau lub siab ntsws lub xeev ntawm cov lus los yog cov grammatical lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus los yog kab lus. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lawv yog interrogative, lub cim uas yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub ntsiab lus, cov lus hais ntau dua cov laus.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv kawm cov phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus

Ib suam ntawm niam thiab consonants plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev kawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau siv ntxiv ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawv. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kawm tau cov phonetics nyob rau hauv tag nrho, yuav tsum tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab. Yog tsis muaj kev siv cov tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv kev kawm zoo tau. Qhov tsab xov xwm teev qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug faib ntawm niam thiab consonants.

Cov phau ntawv "Lub phonetics ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus", uas nws sau - Bulanin ll, combines cov kev txawj ntse ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus piav qhia raws li nyob rau hauv lub dav dav lus thiab phonetic tswv yim L. V. Scherby tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no ntawv - ib phau ntawv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Philology. Cov phau ntawv pib lub theoretical chav kawm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws muaj cuaj tshooj.

"Lavxias teb sab lus phonetics Morphology Spelling ..." - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv. AI Moiseev - sau. Nws muaj 254 nplooj ntawv ntawm theoretical khoom. Cov phau ntawv qhia txog tsis tsuas cov kev faib ntawm kev hais lus suab (vowels, consonants), tab sis kuj lub hauv paus ntawm morphology thiab orthography. Tus aim ntawm qhov kev cob qhia los ntawm txhais tes yog los txhim kho cov kev txawj ntse ntawm tus xib fwb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab Philology menyuam kawm ntawv.

Cov phau ntawv "Keeb kwm phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1980. Nws sau - Kolesov V. V. Cov phau ntawv muaj 214 phab. Nws qhia txog cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub phonetic system ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Kev mloog yog them rau tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab lus dab. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, kev txhawb los ntawm luab ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau qhov chaw.

"Phonetics ntawm Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab lus" - ib phau ntawv uas nws sau yog Girzheva GN Nws twb luam tawm ib lub xyoos dhau los. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub phau ntawv - los tsim cov menyuam kawm ntawv nkag siab txog ntawm lub suab system ntawm cov lus ua si, raws li zoo li mus ua lub tswvyim ntawm suab units.

Muaj ntau linguists rau ntau xyoo kawm lub suab ntawm kev hais lus. Ib suam ntawm niam raws li consonants - nws yog heev zog ua hauj lwm. Rau ib tug tag nrho ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau siv ntxiv ntaub ntawv.

Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog cim suab "ib tug" thiab "o"

Lub cim "ib tug" yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab thiab feem ntau nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no yog thawj zaug uas yog kev kawm rau hais tus me nyuam mos tus me nyuam. Kws txawj hais tias lub suab "ib tug" yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kiag li tag nrho cov lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv Ubykh yog tus tsuas yog cim. rau symbolism kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias tag nrho cov ntawv no muab tau los ntawm 'ib'.

Cov tsab ntawv "ib tug" muaj ib tug Phoenician keeb kwm, raws li tau zoo raws li ntau lwm tus neeg. Lub sij hawm ntawm ntau ntawv, nws yog xwm raws li ib tug daim duab peb sab uas muaj ib lub ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias nws sawv cev rau lub taub hau ntawm ib tug heev nyuj. Qhov no tsiaj txhu yog qhia tshwj xeeb uas honored lub Phoenicians. Nyob rau hauv Christianity, lub cim "ib tug" yog hais txog mus rau lub tsib txhab ntawm Tswv Yexus Khetos.

Lub suab ntawm "o" yog lub feem ntau ancient. Cov tsab ntawv yog ib feem ntawm lub Phoenician cov tsiaj ntawv los ntawm ntau tshaj 3 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws tsis tau hloov. Lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov thaum ntxov Cyrillic tsiaj ntawv tsab ntawv suab zoo li "on".

Cov tsab ntawv "e", "e", "w", "kuv"

Tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov ntawv niam nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Ib suam ntawm niam tso cai rau peb kom peb to taub yuav ua li cas kom raug hais tias xyov lo lus. Cov tsab ntawv "e", "e", "w", "kuv", uas yog nyob rau tom qab ib tug tsiaj ntawv los qhia seb nws softness. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv sawv cev ib tug cim suab.

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card tias tsab ntawv "e", "e", "w", "kuv" nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tej zaum yuav sawv cev rau 2 suab. Qhov no yuav tshwm sim thaum ib tug ntawm lawv yog nyob rau ntawm qhov pib ntawm lo lus. Piv txwv li, lo lus "fir" suab zoo li [def] l. Cov tsab ntawv muaj ib tug ob peb suab nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias nws yog nyob tom qab ib tug cim. Piv txwv li, ib tug beacon. Tej phonetic teeb meem no kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom qab ib tug cim yog ib qho nyuaj los yog mos cim.

Cov tsab ntawv "s" thiab nws cov abolition

Suab "y" yog ib tug cim. Nws ua rau ib tug tsis muaj kev nkag siab nyob rau ib feem ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws uas xav mus kawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Lawv muaj tshaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev kawm tsis to taub yuav ua li cas hais lub suab. Phonology piav nws raws li ib tug nyob ze central unrounded cim. Qhov no suab yog pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Suab "s" faib cov Mongols thiab Turkic haiv neeg. Zvukosmyslovye txawv cov tsiaj ntawv "s" thiab "thiab" los tsim ib tug tshiab series ntawm lus thiab cov tswv yim.

Ob xyoos dhau los, Vladimir Zhirinovsky tau thov kom tshem tawm cov tsab ntawv "s" ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws cav hais tias nws yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tej European lus. Thiab nws tsis txawj hais lus, tsis tau tsuas yog txawv teb chaws, tab sis kuj cov me nyuam. Kws txawj hais tias tau tshem ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab yuav ua tau, tab sis nws yuav tsuas tsim teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov lus hais thiab sau lus.

Ib cov kws txawj sib ceg uas cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phonetic lus yog tsis yooj yim sua. Suab qauv twb tsim tau ntau centuries rau lawv tus kheej, thiab nws tus nplaig hais nws tus kheej.

Rau ntau xyoo, tsim nyob rau hauv lub consonants thiab niam. Ib suam ntawm niam, consonants thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog piav nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev cov ntaub ntawv philologists scholars.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm niam

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm niam ua nyuaj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Muaj ntau ntau yam tswv yim uas cia cov niam txiv thiab cov xib fwb yuav ua rau tus me nyuam txoj kev kawm tau zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia cov me nyuam nyeem los ntawm lub suab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lawv paub thiab paub qhov txawv ntawm niam. Tus thawj tshooj yog ib qho tseem ceeb kawm nrog ib tug me nyuam tsawg tshaj li 4 tus tsiaj ntawv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm daim ntawv teev lus. Thaum lub sij hawm qhia zaj lus qhia, tus me nyuam yuav tsum nco ntsoov saib lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog los qhia qhov tsab ntawv, tiam sis kuj rau tso nws. Yog li ntawd tus me nyuam yuav nco ntsoov nws tsis pom kev thiab hnov.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob zaj lus qhia, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom rov hais dua cov twb kawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab npaj mus kawm ob ntxiv. Yuav kom paub tus me nyuam nrog rau cov ntawv niam yog ib tug 5 cov tshooj lus.

summing up

Enormous lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov ntawv niam nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Ib suam ntawm niam Tam sim no koj paub. Nws yuav pab tau tsis tsuas linguists, tab sis kuj cov neeg uas txaus siab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Thaum kev cob qhia yog tseem ceeb heev rau siv ntxiv ntaub ntawv.