Nom tswv daim duab Heydar Aliyev: biography, nta kev ua ub no thiab nthuav cov lus tseeb

Aliev Geydar Alireza oglu (yug 05/10/23 nyob rau hauv Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan - 12.12.03 tuag nyob rau hauv Cleveland, TEB CHAWS USA) - Azerbaijani statesman, uas rau 30 xyoo tau ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau cov kev politicians ntawm lub teb chaws raws li ib tug deputy thiab tus tswj ntawm Republican KGB, Republican Secretary lub communist tog thiab cov repressive thiab authoritarian tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm ywj siab Azerbaijan.

Roj thiab Nagorno-Karabakh

Heydar Aliyev, uas nws biography tiav thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 80 xyoo, yog lub taub hau ntawm Azerbaijan txij li thaum xyoo 1969 (nrog ib tug luv luv so) kom txog thaum lub kaum hli ntuj 2003 thiab twb tau hloov los ntawm ib tug neeg sab nrauv coj Brezhnev era nyob rau hauv tus phooj ywg rau Western statesmen. Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign tau nco ntsoov hais tias los ntawm ob txheej xwm: qhov muag ntawm Caspian roj (nrog rau cov "Daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lub xyoo pua 'raug kaw) thiab qhov teeb meem nrog Armenia tshaj lub disputed ib ncig ntawm Nagorno-Karabakh - ib tug enclave hauv Azerbaijan nrog ib feem ntau Armenian pejxeem.

Raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub ywj siab lub xeev Aliyev cultivated cov duab ntawm ib tug reformer. Muaj ntau, txawm li cas los, yuav nco ntsoov txog nws raws li tus neeg uas coj lub teb chaws tsis hwm tib neeg txoj cai, qhov chaw uas coob leej ntau tus kev noj nyiaj txiag pib hnav official.

Heydar Aliyev: biography

Nationality - Azerbaijani. Tus tub ntawm ib tug railway neeg ua hauj lwm Aliyev yug nyob rau hauv Nakhichevan, lub Azerbaijani exclave nyob rau hauv Armenia. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub keeb kwm kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub Baku State University thiab ces tus Industrial lub koom haum. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1941 thiab 1944. Aliyev tau nom tswv tuav rau tus ncej ntawm ib tug senior functionary ntawm lub Communist Party nyob rau hauv nws hometown. Thaum ntxov nyob rau nws cov hauj lwm, nws narrowly dim ntiab tawm ntawm nws tom qab liam ntawm kev sib deev kev tsim txom los ntawm ib tug paj tau paj ntawm ib tug pov npav.

Nws lub npe thiab txoj hauj lwm Aliyev khwv tau lub KGB, nce los ntawm lub zoo ibyam ntawm lub Azerbaijan State Security Service ob xyoo lawm ua ntej nws los ua deputy lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum nyob rau hauv 1964 thiab coj nws peb xyoos tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv 1969, Heydar Aliyev raug tsa thawj secretary ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm Azerbaijan. Biography ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom pheej nyob rau hauv 1982, enriched cov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws raising raws li ib tug tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm lub Politburo ntawm lub CPSU Central Committee. Aliyev yog heev ceev faj nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam txog nrog nws patron thiab los ua nws ib tug ze cov phoojywg. Yuav kom Brezhnev tus mus ntsib mus Baku nyob rau hauv 1982, rau Piv txwv li, nws los ua ib tug palace rau tej kev siv ntawm cov Secretary-General. Lub Soviet thawj coj yog muaj rau ob nights, tom qab uas lub palace kaw.

disgrace

Lub sij hawm ntawm Mikhail Gorbachev ua Soviet thawj coj nyob rau hauv 1985 cim ib tug ntse hloov nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv txoj hmoo ntawm Aliyev. Abhorred nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv luam hloov khoom nruab nrog ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub CPSU, "Pravda" rau kev noj nyiaj txiag thaum lub sij hawm hloov tshiab, nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj cov neeg raug - lub qub khwb. Nyob rau hauv 1987, Gorbachev twb stripped ntawm nws lub rooj zaum nyob rau hauv lub Politburo, thiab yuam kom tsum los ntawm nws ncej raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub Communist tog ntawm Azerbaijan. Nws ciali hais tias nws cov hauj lwm ntawd. Tsis ntev ua ntej nws tus poj niam tuag lawm Geydara Alieva.

Biography txoj cai twb dua kev cob cog rua nrog Nakhichevan - nws yog muaj, nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg lub nroog, thiab Heydar ib ntus retreated. Nyob rau hauv 1990, nrog nws cov yam ntxwv kev nom kev tswv acumen Aliyev resigned los ntawm lub Communist tog, supposedly mus protest tus txheej xwm ntawm dub Lub ib hlis ntuj, thaum Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam kuav los tiag mus rau hauv Baku thiab ntau civilians raug tua.

kev ywj pheej

Rov qab txoj cai tau ceev los ntawm ceev ceev immersion ntawm Azerbaijan nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Internal chaos txij li thaum muaj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv 1991 thiab cov tsis ua hauj lwm mus cuag ib tug ceev yeej nyob rau hauv Nagorno-Karabakh. Nyob rau hauv 1992, Abulfaz Elchibey, tus thawj coj ntawm lub Nrov Pem hauv ntej, tus uas coj lub zog rau kev ywj pheej, los ua tus thawj democratically raug xaiv tus thawj tswj hwm, tab sis nws yog ib tug tsis muaj zog cov thawj coj.

Qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsis muab rov qab los, thiab Heydar Aliyev raug caw mus txhawb tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv Baku. Biography txoj cai ua ib tug ntse tig rov qab. Thaum nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1993 Elchibey twb yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub capital, tom qab lub sim coup, Aliev los ua yeeb yam tus thawj tswj hwm. Nws mus rau nrog lub coup los mus tiv thaiv ib tug tsov rog, thiab twb paub tseeb hais tias raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub teb chaws los ntawm ib tug referendum muaj nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj ntawm hauv tib lub xyoo.

Lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev

Nws loj hlob mus rau hauv ib tug los ntshav theem nyob rau hauv Aliyev Karabakh tsov rog. Thaum nws tuaj rau lub hwj chim, lub Armenians tau ntxiv dag zog rau lawv txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub nyob ib ncig ntawm Azerbaijan, tab sis cov tub rog kev ua tau tsis nqa tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1993, Aliyev rov pib mus nqa tawm tag nrho-scale tub rog lag luam, uas ntawd kub ntev li rau 18 lub hlis. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no twb poob feem ntau ntawm cov 30,000 cov neeg raug ua tsov ua rog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem 750,000 Azerbaijanis raug yuam kom khiav tawm lawv tej vaj tse.

Aliyev yog ruthless rau nws nom tswv tw. Vajtswv ntxiv dag zog nws lub hwj chim, muab nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb txaus ntawm nws cov phooj ywg los ntawm Nakhichevan. Dua li ntawm qhov loj hlob discontent nrog rau tsoom fwv rau nws tsis ua hauj lwm mus nrhiav ib tug ntev daws mus rau Nagorno Karabakh teeb meem los yog mus rau tiv nrog lub socio-economic txim ntawm tsov rog, txawm lub qhov kev noj nyiaj txiag ntawm ua hauj lwm, Aliyev tau xwm yeem tau deb nws tus kheej los ntawm cov pej xeem discontent. Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1998, txoj cai re-raug xaiv nrog 76% ntawm lub pov npav, thaum txheem pawg thiab thoob ntiaj teb observers tau nug lub legitimacy ntawm cov kev tshwm sim.

geopolitics

Aliev yog ib tug muaj zog tshaj card nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj cov kev pab ntawm lub Caspian hiav txwv, raws li zoo raws li nws muaj peev xwm mus next nyob rau hauv ib tug heev tham geopolitical tshawb Caucasus, ua tim khawv txog nws kev nom kev tswv acumen. Relations nrog lub tebchaws United States thiab cov teb chaws Europe Western characterizes lub kos npe rau ntawm lub xyoo 1997 daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov International Roj Consortium, uas yog muab thaj tuam txhab uas muag ib tug lossis loj kev sib koom nyob rau hauv lub Caspian hiav txwv. Kev koom tes nrog txawv teb chaws roj giants, feem ntau notably nrog cov "British Roj av", Aliyev kuj los ua ib tug ntawm cov tsav tsheb rog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub raj dej Baku-Ceyhan pipeline, uas aims thauj Caspian roj rau sab hnub poob ntawm Georgia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.

Qhov no pipeline peb tes num tau ntxiv dag zog rau cov twb strained kev sib raug zoo nrog Moscow, tab sis lub taub hau ntawm Azerbaijan tswj kom tsis txhob muaj ib tug ua tiav so. Ties nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws nyob ntawm ib tug tsawg theem thaum lub sij hawm thawj tswj hwm Borisa Eltsina, tab sis thaum lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv Russia tau tuaj ib tug kawm tiav ntawm lub KGB, Vladimir Putin, Heydar Aliyev, uas nws biography twb tseem txuam nrog lub koom haum no muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug kev sib raug zoo. Lub politician kuj teem rau kev tsim muaj zog ties nrog qaib ntxhw. Relations nrog Iran, uas yog ib lub tsev mus txog 14 lab. Pawg lwm haiv tib Azerbaijanis tab txhawb Armenia, thaum lub sij hawm nws reign, maj mam tuaj mus naught.

dynasty

Aliev tsis koom nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2003, xam pluag noj qab haus huv. Nws yog tus thawj dynastic succession nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Soviet Union, thaum tus thawj tswj hwm los ntawm nws tus tub Ilham. OSCE hais tias lub pov npav tsis tau raws li thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv, ua raws li los ntawm riots.

Thaum Aliyev thiab xa mus rau lub xeev ntawm lawv noj qab haus huv, muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi yuav qhia tau ib tug deterioration ntawm nws puas siab puas ntsws faculties. Nws tseem mus rau thaum xaus ib tug ntse thiab insightful daim duab.

12.12.03 tuag thawj coj ntawm Azerbaijani neeg Aliev Geydar Alievich. Biography txoj cai raug ncua nyob rau Cleveland Clinic nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas. Heydar faus nyob rau hauv lub huas hwjchim ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv Baku.

Heydar Aliyev: biography, tsev neeg

Nyob rau hauv 1948, lub neej yav tom ntej politician sib yuav Zarifa Aziz. Lub kaum hli ntuj 12, 1955 lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais Sevil, thiab lub Kaum Ob Hlis 24, 1961 tus tub Ilham. Cov me nyuam dim lawv txiv. Nws tus poj niam, ib tug naas ej ophthalmologist, xib fwb, academician ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm Azerbaijan, tuag lawm ntawm mob cancer nyob rau hauv 1985.

Cov pro-Western dictator

Lub fact tias cov laus KGB tub ceev xwm los ua heev pro-British yog teem, nws yog kev lom zem ntau vim qhov tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm uas tau nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan lub tuam txhab "British Roj av". Lub zeem muag ntawm txoj siav loj loj reserves ntawm cov roj thiab roj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob nyiaj yog lom zem ntau nyob rau hauv lub raj dej los ntawm Georgia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, tiv thaiv uas Russia muaj tsis muaj tej yam txaus siab.

Ib puas xyoo dhau los, Baku yog cov roj capital ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab ib co ntawm cov poob hwjchim ci ntsa iab rov qab los hnub no. Qhov qhib ntawm tshiab thiab loj reserves pub Aliyev mus cuag, tsawg kawg yog rau lub capital, ib tug kawm ntawv txoj kev vam meej, ua raws li los ntawm cov seem txeej containment ntawm nom tswv dissent. Thiab nws tus tub txhawb no momentum ntawm nyiaj txiag kev kawm.

Xav dab tsi ib tug extraordinary daim duab ntawm lub qub Soviet tsev kawm ntawv tau Aliev Geydar Alireza, nws biography, muaj nws tsawg kawg yog ib nrab ntawm dab tsi nws paub, nws yuav tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab peb to taub txog lub era, uas nkawd nyob deb deb.

honors

Aliyev twb muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom plig thiab medals, thoob ntiaj teb khoom plig, raug xaiv honorable tus kws kho mob kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws.

Nws yog tsib lub sij hawm sam xeeb nrog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Star tau txais, muaj ntau medals, thiab medals ntawm txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws. Nws twb ob zaug muab tsub lub title Hero ntawm Socialist Labor.

Nyob rau hauv 1997, Aliyev twb muab tsub lub siab tshaj plaws Ukrainian Order Yaroslava Mudrogo nyob rau hauv 1999 nws tau txais lub Turkish Atatürk sib haum xeeb zog thiab lub npe ntawm saib xyuas xib fwb ntawm Moscow State University.

Nyob rau hauv 2003, Aliyev tau raug xaiv los xibfwb thiab tag nrho tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Academy ntawm Security, kws muaj txuj ci thiab kev cai lij choj kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation teeb meem. Nws twb muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Andropov thiab Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Nyob rau hauv 2004, nws yog tsim los ntawm Geydara Alieva Foundation. Biography statesman, npaj los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm Azerbaijan, twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2013.