Npav steels

Vim li cas kuv yuav tsum tau npav thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - muab txhais li cas? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug code uas qhia txog cov thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom. Rau txhua yam khoom yog thov rau koj cov cai. Tej kev lag luam (tshuaj, automotive, hnyav, lub teeb) yuav tsum tau npav los yog barcodes.

Muaj npav (xws li npav ntawm steels thiab alloys) yuav pab tau qualitatively ua ntxiv ua hauj lwm muaj, qhov twg yuav ua tau tom qab cov khoom no. Piv txwv npav kav yuav cia builders los tsim nrog khiav dej txoj cai hais tias, nyob rau hauv lem, tsis ua rau kev npaj txhij txog xwm txheej thiab cov yeeb nkab so nyob rau hauv load.

Tuav labeling tau ua indelible xim. Cov nram qab no luv luv nthuav kev faib thiab labeling steels. Yog li ntawd ...

Nyob rau hauv cov pa steel (zoo tib yam zoo) yog thov Cm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab naj npawb. Nws zoo li ST3, ST2, St1, St0. Steel zoo (carbon) cim nrog cov zauv ob, thiab tus naj npawb qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon feem pua (hundredths ntawm a) .. 40, 25, 10, 08, thiab lwm yam, thiab tsab ntawv T nyob rau hauv lub npav qhia nce cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hlau ntawm manganese (18g , 14D, thiab lwm yam)

Steel submachine kos tus cim rau thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tsiaj ntawv A (A30, A12, etc.). Nyob rau cov hlau cuab tam, tsab ntawv Y (U12, U10, U8, qhov twg cov zauv qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub 10 lub ntawm ib tug feem pua).

Hom hlau steels muaj cov tsiaj ntawv qhia lub Cheebtsam muaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov hlau, characterizing lawv nruab nrab ntsiab lus ntawm nitrogen yog xws li A, txhuas - Y vanadium - F, boron - P, manganese - T, cobalt - K, Si - C manganese - T, molybdenum - M, tooj liab - D Ni - H, selenium - B, ib tug carbon - Y, Ti - T chrome - X, phosphorus - P, zirconium - Ts

Tus thawj tus xov tooj qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau tivthaiv hu ua carbon nyob rau hauv hundredths ntawm ib tug txhais rau cov yam ntxwv steels thiab kaum - rau stainless steels thiab lub cuab tam. Ces tsab ntawv xaiv alloying caij. Los ntawm daim ntawv raws li los ntawm tus xov tooj qhia qhov nruab nrab ntsiab lus ntawm no lub caij nyob rau hauv cov chav nyob (zauv). Yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying ntsiab yog tsawg tshaj li kaum tsib feem pua, cov lej tom qab tom qab qhov kev tsim nyog tsab ntawv yog tsis tau muaj npe. Qhov kuaj pom muaj nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub tsab ntawv A qhia lub siab zoo ntawm cov hlau. Cov tsab ntawv W - tshwj xeeb zoo zoo (tshwj xeeb yog stainless steel).

Ordinary steel zoo: BSt0, VSt0, St0 (xim liab, los yog ntsuab); VSt1kp, St1 (daj), BSt3, St3, VST3kp, BSt3kp, VSt3 (xim liab) BSt4, St4, BSt4kp, VSt4kp, VSt4 (dub) St5 thiab VSt5 (ntsuab xim) thiab thaum kawg St6 (Xim xiav ).

Carbon Steel zoo: 20, 15, 10, 08 (dawb xim); 40, 35, 30, 25 (dawb, daj); 60, 55, 50, 45 (dawb, xim av).

Lub Khoos Loos Tsev Steel Alloy: chromium (ntsuab xim, daj); chrome (xim ntsuab, dub); chrome (yog ntsuab los yog liab doog); Chrome Manganese (dub, xiav); manganese (xim av los yog xiav); hromokremnemargantsovaya (xiav, liab); hromoalyuminievaya (txhuas); hromonikelemolibdenovaya (purple los yog dub).

Corrosion-resistant steel: CrNi (xim liab, los sis txhuas); chrome; chromium (txhuas los yog dub), hromotitanovaya (daj los yog txhuas); hromonikeletitanovaya (xiav, txhuas); hromonikelekremnistaya (ntsuab, txhuas); hromomargantsenikelevaya (Xim txhuas los yog xim av), hromonikeleniobievaya (dawb, los yog txhuas) thiab hromonikelemolibdenotitanovaya steel (violet xim, txhuas).

High-speed steel, xws li P18 (bronze los yog liab) thiab P9 (bronze xim).

Ruaj alloys sintered. Nyob rau hauv xws alloys nram qab no cim thov steels: VK2 (dawb nyob dub stripe); VK3-M (txiv kab ntxwv sawb rau dub), VK4 (txiv kab ntxwv); VK6 (xim xiav); VK6-B (violet); VK6-M (dawb sawb nyob rau ib cov kob xiav); BK8 (liab); BK8-B (xiav stripe nyob rau hauv ib tug liab); VK15 (dawb); T30K4 (xiav); T15K6 (ntsuab xim).

Siv cov kev cai yooj yim, yog yooj yim haum los mus txiav txim muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub hlau. Npav tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub USSR, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv hnub no nyob rau hauv lub CIS thiab Russia.