Ntses-hybrid: zoo dua ntshiab cov ntaub ntawv. Kev siv cov hybridization

Ua ke nrog cov ntshiab hom yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg siv niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv aquaculture thiab ntses-hybrid. Nws yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg nqi vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov kev ua nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov zaub mov, kev loj hlob sai thiab stability rau ntau cov kab mob.

hybridization ntses

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj yog tej zaum hla txawv tsiaj ntawm cov ntses lawm. Txawm li cas los, cov hybrids tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog qualities ntawm ib tug neeg. Ua los ntawm kws tshawb fawb thiab breeders mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov ua kevcai nco txog tej yam kev cai yields tshiab hom ntses, uas muaj ntau yam zoo tshaj lub ntshiab hom.

Chiv hla khoom tau mas ntawm tsev neeg Cyprinidae, ces muaj ntses - sturgeon hybrid nrog sturgeon, sturgeon tus, thiab lwm yam ...

hybridization ntsiab lus

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, vim ntau zog hydro, ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov dej tsoom fwv ntawm tus dej ntws, uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv coob txog tej yam ntses, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sturgeon. Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem no, lub hybridization yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau txoj kev txuag ntawm cov feem ntau zoo hom. Cov uas ua hybrids yuav nteg qe sturgeon muaj ntau dua cov nqi thiab ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov no ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsim muaj chaw ua taus zes, uas tau zoo ntses tom qab xwb 2-3 loj hlob lub caij.

Tsim tshiab breeds yog muaj zog thiab ua kom lawv muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau rau cov ntses ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv cov dej, cov nqe lus uas yuav tsis muab suav hais tias paaj rau ntses phooj ywg hom. Lawv zoo npaum li cas nruj heev heev rau tus tshiab tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, daim iav carp thiab carp Amur nyob rau hauv crosses yielded zag muaj siab hardiness. Qhov tseeb hais tias hybrids roj accumulates sai heev, yog li lawv zam lub txim rau tus mob khaub thuas ntau yooj yim dua. Vim kev loj hlob sai rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no, lawv twb ho loj hlob thiab tau raws li nws twb Consolidated. Ntses-hybrid, tsis zoo li ntshiab daim ntawv no, yuav nyob thiab loj hlob nyob rau hauv reservoirs nyob deb sab qaum teb.

Common carp hybrids

Feem ntau cov nthuav yog lub hybrid ntawm carp thiab crucian carp. Qhov no ntses yog ntau npaum li cas hardier thiab tsawg raug rau kab mob tshaj carp, sai loj hlob thiab muaj ib tug heev six filet, uas yog piv mus rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntses fillet ntshiab hom.

Spawning goldfish coincides c tu tub tu kiv lub sij hawm lwm cov ntses. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub rau hli ntuj. Thaum lub sij hawm no, muaj yog feem ntau ib tug natural hla ntawm crucian carp. Tsuas yog li tau tshiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau zoo.

Hybrid carp thiab carp Dnieper tsim rau lub hom phiaj ntawm chaw ua taus zes ntses nyob rau hauv lub mov teb, ntawm qhov tob ntawm uas yog tsis txaus rau cov carp, nrog ib tug high school cov rov qab. Xeeb ntxwv thiaj muaj tsawg carp rov qab, thiab nyob tej yam kev mob rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub mov teb heev paaj. Hybrid carp thiab carp kuj ntau yoog mus rau lub neej nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam, raws li lub qe thiab Fry lawv tau txais los ntawm carp kuj yuav tsis tshua muaj kub.

Nyob rau hauv ntug zos dej lub cev vim lub high fertility ntawm feem ntau carp hybrid. Nws feem ntau xyoo carp thiab lwm yam ntses.

hybrids ntawm sturgeon

Heev siab nqi pom ib tug hybrid bred los ntawm breeders nyob rau hauv 1950 los ntawm hla nrog sterlet sturgeon. Hais txog 180 kg ntawm nws qhov hnyav mus txog tom qab 10 lub hlis.

Beluga, ua qhov loj tshaj plaws ntses ntawm lub sturgeon, sturgeon thiab yuav ua li cas lub me tshaj yielded ib tug tshiab hom npe Bester. Muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev qauv thiab luj ntawm lub ntses sturgeon hybrid yuav zus heev ntse nyob rau hauv tshiab dej. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm no tsiaj tau raug tau nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv 1952 thiab launched nyob rau hauv Proletarian Reservoir thiab lub hiav txwv ntawm Azov. Bester tau txais ntau yam ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo ntawm lub Beluga thiab sterlet los ntawm nws niam txiv muaj rau ib tug heev six thiab noj nqaij. Los ntawm lub hnub nyoog peb, qhov no hybrid nce mus txog luj ntawm 3 kg.

Muaj ntau ntawm cov reservoir, nyob qhov twg maj sib txuas lus sturgeon hom muaj zoo, ua tsaug rau hybridization tau txais ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm ntses los ntawm hla ntsia hlau loj thiab stellate sturgeon. Qhov no hybrid uas mus txog 30 kg zus sai npaum li cas tshaj niam txiv cov ntaub ntawv. Hluas tsiaj ntawm tib resilience tshaj tag nrho lwm yam sturgeon hom. Niaj hnub no, qhov no ntses-hybrid rau hauv nruab nrab Volga zus nyob rau hauv ntau fisheries.

Cov ntsiab lus uas sturgeon hybridization

Rau muaj kev vam meej cultivation ntawm tus sturgeon hybrids yuav tsum tau ua raws li tej yam tej yam kev mob. Cov ntses tsis nyiam dej ntiav ntiav, yog li tob yuav tsum yuav tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav nyob rau hauv dej ntau heev nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb yog undesirable filaria, uas tej zaum overgrown pas dej li ntses yuav ua entangled nyob rau hauv nws. Pas dej nrog nkos bottoms yog tsis haum rau cov sturgeon, vim hais tias lawv feem ntau yog noj mus rau hauv qab npoo av.

Yuav kom tshem tawm cov kev sib tw nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, nws yog pom zoo kom yug sturgeon nrog herbivorous hom, xws li, piv txwv li, raws li cov nyiaj carp thiab nyom carp. Ntses-hybrid yuav tsum muab faib rau cov dej lub cev, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub loj thiab muaj hnub nyoog, vim hais tias lawv feem ntau noj tus hluas laus nrws.

hybridization disadvantages

Loj hlob hybrids yuav tsum tau paaj tej yam kev mob. Lub slightest sib txawv los ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm ua rau tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha taub hau los yog operculum. Nrog txaus noj haus thaum lub sij hawm indwelling nyob rau hauv cov ntses pas dej nrog nkos bottoms muaj ntau ntau yam tsis xws luag, thiab ntau lwm yam tsis.

Tseem ceeb yog txoj kev mus rau hla kev. Piv txwv li, thaum caviar carp fertilized carp milt, tau tau zoo nyob rau hauv hybrid hardiness. Tab sis thaum lub interbreeding ua, fertilizing cov qe ntawm carp, xws zog tsis tau.