Ntsev. Ammonium bicarbonate

Lub ntsev yog dab tsi?

Ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj chemical uas muaj hlau cation lossis ib qho ammonium cation uas txuas nrog rau anion nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kua qaub (acid residue) yog tag nrho cov npe hu ua ntsev. Lawv muab faib rau hauv nruab nrab (lossis nruab nrab), acidic, yooj yim, ob, hydrate (crystalline hydrates), txoj.

Rau ib txwm (los yog nruab nrab) ntsev tsiag ntawv los ntawm ua kom tiav kev hloov ntawm hydrogen cations nyob rau hauv acid molecule rau ib tug hlau los yog ammonium ntawv, xws li sodium sulphate Na2SO4 los yog poov hlau carbonate CaCO3.

Yog tias hydrogen cations raug hloov hauv cov kua qaub ua kua, ces cov ntsev xws li yog hu ua acidic, piv txwv li, ammonium hydrogen carbonate NH4HCO3 los sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3.

Yog hais tias ib qho thiab hloov ib nrab ntawm cov hydroxyl pawg rau acid residue tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus molecule, ces cov ntsev tsim hu ua theem pib, piv txwv li, tooj dihydroxoxycarbonate (CuOH) 2CO3.

Nyob rau hauv cov mis muaj ob tug ob ntsev ntawm txawv cations, e.g., txhuas thiab poov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub poov tshuaj alum KAl (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

Lub mis ntawm cov kua ntsev muaj ob hom tshuaj sib txawv, piv txwv li, tshuaj dawb kua qaub CaCl (OCl).

Cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov dej qab ntsev uas muaj hydrate ntsev muaj xws li cov dej crystallization, piv txwv li, tooj liab sulfate (xiav) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

Cov roj ntsha ntawm cov kab zauv muaj xws li ib qho cation lossis txoj kev mob, piv txwv, tetraamminsinc (II) chloride [(Zn (NH3) 4]] Cl2.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov npe ntawm cov ntsev tsim?

Muaj ob lo lus nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov ntsev. Thawj yog lub npe ntawm lub anion, uas sawv nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub nominative. Qhov thib ob lo lus (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dav) yog muab los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus cation. Piv txwv li: sodium sulphate Na2SO4, hlau sulfate (II) FeSO4, hlau sulfate (III) Fe2 (SO4) 3, calcium carbonate CaCO3, tooj liab chloride CuCl2. Nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov kua qaub, ua ntej lub npe ntawm lub anion, lub prefix "hydro-" los sis "prefix" sau ua ntej, yog tias ib qho tsis hloov pauv hydrogen cation tseem nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Yog hais tias muaj ob qho xws li hydrogen cations, lub prefix "dihydro-" yog sau ua ntej lub npe ntawm lub anion. Piv txwv: bicarbonate (los yog bicarbonate) ntawm sodium NaHCO3 (qhov ntsev no kuj hu ua baking soda), sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4.

Ammonium bicarbonate. Lub mis

Cov mis ntawm acidic ntsev ntawm carbonic acid NH4HCO3, uas qhov cation yog ammonium, kuj muaj xws li HCO3-anion, tsim los ntawm ib nrab hloov ntawm hydrogen cations nyob rau hauv lub molecule ntawm no acid nrog ib tug zoo ammonium ion. Ntawd yog, cov roj kua qaub ntawm cov kua qaub no muaj ib qho ammonium cation NH4 + khi rau ib qho tshuaj uas muaj lub npe HCO3. Daim nplua nyiaj siab tshaj plaws rau lub tshuab Hill yog sau ua: CH5NO3. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuaj yog 79.06 a. E. M.

Cov khoom

Ammonium bicarbonate yog ib qho khoom xyaw inorganic, nyob rau hauv tsos nws yog tsis muaj kob uas muaj xim nrog ib pob zeb rhiab pob zeb. Qhov ceev yog 1.586 g / cm3 (tom 20 ° C). Vapor siab nce: txij li ntawm 59 hli. Gt; Kos duab. (Tom 25.4 ° C) mus txog 278 hli. Gt; Kos duab. (Nyob ntawm 45 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate tsis yaj hauv ethyl cawv thiab acetone. Nws txawj nkag hauv dej: nrog kev ua kom sov dua, cov kua qaub ntawm cov kua qaub tau nce ntawm 11.9 g / 100 g (ntawm 0 ° C) mus rau 36.6 g / 100 g (ntawm 40 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate decomposes nrog tso tawm CO2 twb nyob 20 ° C. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 36-70 ° C, lub ntsev decomposes nyob rau hauv aqueous daws. Yog li, ammonia raug tso tawm, dej thiab carbon dioxide raug tsim: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

Vim lub hydrolysis, cov kua dej aqueous muaj ib qho kev mob me me alkaline. Thaum muab ib tug concentrated ammonia tshuaj yog tsim ib txwm ntsev: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm acids thiab alkalis yuav raug rhuav tshem los ntawm tus acid ntsev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib npaug: NH4HCO3 + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 ↑ los yog NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

Ammonium bicarbonate. Tau txais

Zoo ib yam li cov bicarbonates, acidic ammonium ntsev tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev siv cov roj carbon dioxide los ntawm kev tov nruab nrab ntawm ammonium ntsev: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

Thaum lub nruab nrab ntsev yog me ntsis rhuab (30 ° C), nws cov thermal decomposition rau cov kua qaub thiab ammonia tshwm sim: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Yog hais tias dej dissolves carbon dioxide thiab ammonia, nws tseem tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho acidic ammonium ntsev: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

Daim ntawv thov

Ammonium bicarbonate yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam noj khoom haus: nws plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj ua hmoov tshuaj rau cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab cov hmoov nplej. Nws raug pom tias sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 kuj yog siv los tsa cov ncuav ua noj ua haus. Tab sis nws siv tsis zoo, vim zawm lub caj dab los yog soaking kom txog thaum ci ua rau kom tshem tawm cov carbon dioxide tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov kua qaub, thiab lub khob noom cookie nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsis muaj lush thiab lub teeb.

Ammonium bicarbonate yog siv rau hnav khaub ncaws tawv thiab thaum dyeing textile fabrics: thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov xoob dye (los yog stripping) sib tov ntawm ammonium ntsev, nrog rau ammonium bicarbonate, yog siv.

Cov khoom siv yog siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb raws li kev tswj fodder (cov hniav lwj muaj qeeb, ua li kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg), nrog rau cov chiv rau cov qos yaj ywm, cov fodder thiab zaub cov qoob loo. Nws lub zog yog siv los qeeb los yog nres cov txheej txheem ntawm nitrification ntawm xau.

Ammonium bicarbonate yog siv hauv uranium tsuas, metallurgical industries, as Well as nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj (nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov vitamins). Hauv organic synthesis nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib qho khoom siv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj reagents, piv txwv li, ammonium ntsev.