Tooj liab chloride

Ib tug binary compound ntawm tooj liab chloride (monohydrochloride) uas nws mis CuCl, yog ib lub ntsev ntawm hydrochloric acid. Qhov no hmoov yog feem ntau dawb los yog ntsuab, yog heev tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Greenish tinge monochloride muaju vim lub xub ntiag ntawm divalent impurities tshuaj hu ua tooj liab chloride ii.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws twb npaj ib tug zoo kawg chemist Robert Boyle. Qhov no tshwm sim tshwm sim ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv 1666, thiab rau zaum yuav siv ib tug yooj yim nws yog xim hlau tooj liab thiab divalent mercury chloride. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1799, Dzhozef Prust singled tawm monohydrochloride muaju dichloride. Qhov no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm maj cua sov rau cov tshuaj, uas cov tooj liab chloride (II) poob nws ib feem tshuaj, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm nws txaus. Ceg dichloride monochloride twb tau soj xyuas los ntawm cov pa ntxuav.

Tooj monochloride - yog ib tug dawb crystalline yam khoom uas yog nyob ib tug kub ntawm 408 ° C hloov qhov zoo ntawm tus siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo. Vim qhov no compound thiab melts thiab boils nrog me me los yog tsis muaj degradation ntawm nws cov tshuaj mis yog tej zaum sau raws li Cu2Cl2. Monohydrochloride, txawm li cas los, raws li lwm yam tooj liab tebchaw, tshuaj lom.

Tiabsis cov tooj liab chloride, uas nws mis yog sau raws li CuCl2, yog outwardly tsaus xim av ib muaju hauv ib npoo zoo li tus. Thaum interacting nrog txawm heev me me ntawm cov dej compound muaju hloov xim: tsaus xim av nrog nws sequentially nkag mus rau hauv ntsuab, ces xiav. Interestingly, yog hais tias xws li ib tug aqueous tov ntxiv ib tug heev me ntsis ntawm hydrochloric acid, cov muaju rov qab mus rau ib qho ntawm lub intermediate lub xeev - ua greenish.

tshuaj yeeb dej caw melting kub yog 537 ° C, thiab nyob ib tug kub ntawm 954 - 1032 ° C, nws boils. Cov compound yog soluble nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv xws li dej, haus dej cawv, ammonia. nws ceev 3,054 g / cm3. Nyob rau ib lub qhov dilution tshuaj thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 25 ° C cov hniav puas conductivity tshuaj yog 265,9 cm2 / mol.

Tau los ntawm raug lead lom cov tooj liab chloride rau tooj liab chloride, thiab los ntawm kev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tooj liab sulfate (II) nrog sulfuric acid. Cov muaj lawm raws li nyob rau hauv lub tua mixtures ntawm tooj liab sulfides nrog sodium tshuaj dawb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub yuav tsum tau xyuas kom muaj 550-600 ° C, uas, apart lub substance nyob rau hauv lo lus nug yog kuaj nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm gaseous Cheebtsam, xws li HCl, arsenic gases thiab leej faj tebchaw. Paub ntau lawm qhov twg hauv kev npaj yog nqa tawm los ntawm cuprous chloride pib pauv tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tooj liab sulphate thiab BaCl2.

Thaum ib tug kub ntawm 993 ° C rau tshuaj decomposes CuCl thiab Cl2, nws solubility nyob rau hauv aqueous lub ntsiab, yus muaj los ntawm:

- thaum yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov ntawm 25-degree kub yog kiag li yaj nyob rau hauv 100 grams dej, 77,4 grams ntawm tooj liab chloride;

- thaum xeeb qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj nce mus txog 100 ° C nws yog soluble nyob rau hauv 120 grams ntawm tshuaj twb. Nyob rau hauv ob leeg, nws yog lam xav hais tias cov kev ceev ntawm CuCl2 yog zoo sib xws.

Tooj chloride yog dav siv raws li ib tug tshuaj catalyst tivthaiv pyrotechnical mixtures nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntau yam mineral dyes. Raws li ammonia tshuaj no yog siv raws li ib tug combustion analyzer tswj lub xam ntawm lub concentration thiab cov theem ntawm carbon dioxide. Dichloride thiab thov raws li ib tug pa cab kuj nyob rau ntau lub theem ntawm cov tshuaj siv thiab ua, xws technology, piv txwv li, cov nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov organic dyes.

Ntsev ntawm tooj liab chloride, ntawm tag nrho cov sparingly soluble, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm txoj kev ib tug xov tooj uas siv lead ua hydrates. Thaum zoo li no concentrated tov ntawm lub tshuaj muaj peev xwm mus koom ib tug nitrogen oxide, uas yog tseem lug siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj ua lag luam.