Ntuj philosophy ntawm lub Renaissance raws li ib tug continuation ntawm ancient sawv

Philosophers tau ntev tau sim piav qhia qhov xwm ntawm cov zajlus kom - Ua dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws, lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws tshwm sim, mus nrhiav tau lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv nws, thiab lub ntsiab los yog thawj lub hauv paus. Qhov no philosophical kev taw qhia hu ua ntuj philosophy. Tus thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm no yog tej yam ntuj philosophy ntawm antiquity, feem ntau raug cov neeg sawv cev uas yog xam tau tias yog Milesian tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov followers ntawm Pythagoras (pre-Socratic lub sij hawm, VII-VI xyoo pua BC).

Philosophers Milesian tsev kawm ntawv yog lub npe hu rau pragmatism thiab cov kev tshawb fawb rau ib tug hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov xwm nrog rau cov tswv yim inventions xws li astronomical seev, maps, sundials. Yog li ntawd, Thales ntseeg qhov teeb meem ciaj sia, tab sis mas ua ntej ntsiab - dej. Anaximander hu ua primordial teeb meem "apeiron", ntseeg hais tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm contradictions nyob rau hauv nws (kub-txias), lub ntiaj teb no tuaj mus rau. Nws kuj yog gilozoistom, uas yog ntseeg rau animate teeb meem. Anaximenes sawv cev tus thawj hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li cov huab cua, thiab Heraclitus - qhov hluav taws kub. Pythagoras thiab cov Pythagoreans pom nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm mystical lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam thiab lawv encrypted yog leejtwg tiag. Lawv tag nrho cov muab cov kev ntseeg hais tias txhua yam yog sib thooj, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, animate, txhua yam - cov neeg, gods, cov tsiaj - muaj lawv qhov chaw thiab lub hom phiaj.

Interestingly, lub philosophy uas npaj siab mus piav qhia txog lub qhov nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo thiab txawm mus rau ib co raws li es ua cosmocentrism antiquity, rov sawv nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance. Ntuj philosophy ntawm lub Renaissance yog yus muaj los ntawm ib qho los mus piav qhia txog tsis tsuas xwm, tab sis kuj yuav sib sau ua ke cov ntseeg philosophy nrog cosmocentrism thiab txawm pantheism. Theoretical thiab epistemological thaj chaw ntawm no hom ntawm kev xav rightfully yuav mus rau Nikolayu Kuzanskomu, uas los ntawm ib tug neeg pluag tsev neeg, uas tau los ua ib tug Cardinal. Nws sim piav qhia txog lub tswv yim thiab kev ntseeg ntawm zauv cim, zoo li lub Pythagoreans, raws li zoo raws li substantiated zoo yog leej twg ntawm cov xwm thiab Vajtswv. Vajtswv, los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view Nikolaya Kuzanskogo - yog tsis qab, uas yog cov tib yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab siab tshaj plaws, tab sis yog tus Tsis nyob rau hauv lub "tsaus muag" daim ntawv muaj rau txoj kev ntseeg. Nws yog "nthuav" nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab ces lub siab yuav to taub nws. Nws pom tias ib tug ob peb lub tswv yim uas xav tau raws li lub Copernican kev tshawb xav, thiab cov ntsiab ntawm cov Hegelian dialectic.

Ntuj philosophy ntawm lub Renaissance, ib tug tsim nyog Nikolaem Kuzanskim, twb tsim thiab yog ua tau raws li Neapolitan Bernardino Telesio. Vajtswv, ntawm chav kawm, tsim lub ntiaj teb no, yog tus thawj impulse, pouring mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tiam sis Nws tseem ceeb tshaj qhov lub ntiaj teb no, thiab vim hais tias cov tom kawg yog yeej los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom. Tag nrho tej yam uas yog cov ntaub ntawv uas, txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm materiality yog invisible. Yog vim li cas thiab science yog hu los mus paub qhov xwm ntawm uas yog kev ywj siab thiab yog ib lub xwb qhov ntawm kev txawj ntse. Kawm qhov, koj muaj peev xwm mus nce mus rau Vajtswv. Nws revived antique hylozoism, piv txwv tias yog tias tag nrho cov teeb meem yog tau hnov, thiab muab tso rau pem hauv ntej qhov kev tshawb xav tias tag nrho cov zog nyob rau hauv cov xwm generated los ntawm qhov kuaj ntawm opposites.

Bernardino Telesio tsim nyob rau hauv nws hometown zej lub zos ntawm kev soj ntsuam xwm (academia Telesiana). Peb yuav hais tias lub ntuj philosophy ntawm lub Renaissance sawv cev los ntawm naturalists ntawm lub sij hawm, xws li Leonardo da Vinci, Hauv vib this kev ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm qhov thiab xav lub experimentally-zauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm Francis Bacon. Tsim no txoj kev ntawm Galileo Galilei, uas yog tib yam li Telesio, nws ntseeg hais tias Vajtswv tsim lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis nws pib tsim raws li lawv txoj cai, thiab lawv txoj kev kawm no tau tsuas los ntawm txoj kev thwmsim.

Astronomers Nikolay Kopernik, Iogann Kepler thiab Tycho Brahe, zoo li ntau Renaissance nuj nqis, dhau lawm, tau pab mus rau lub philosophy ntawm qhov. Ntuj philosophy ntawm lub Renaissance tshuav rau Copernicus hais tias nws ua hauj lwm "Nyob rau hauv revolutions ntawm lub saum ntuj ceeb tsheej lub cev," nws ua tau thau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm xilethi-aus, thiab tus neeg ntawm lub "ideological" center ntawm lub ntug, mus muab Cosmos, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm scientific paradigmatu nws lub sij hawm. Tsis muaj lub zem rau nws lub ntxa hais tias, "nres lub hnub thiab tsiv lub ntiaj teb". Kepler thiab Tycho Brahe lej muaj pov thawj qhov Copernican kev tshawb xav ntawm lub ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab xam cov kev cai ntawm lawv lub zog.

Ntuj philosophy ntawm lub Renaissance tau nthuav ob nthuav cov nuj nqis - yog Giordano Bruno thiab Paracelsus (Theophrastus Bombast ntawm Gogeghayma). Bruno kuj tsis tsis ntseeg hais tias Vajtswv yog yaj nyob rau hauv qhov thiab, yog li ntawd, Xwm muaj yuav infinite nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lawv lub xeev (hom ntawm) - uas yog, nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj xwb tsis lub ntiaj teb, tiam sis muaj ntau worlds, thiab cov tiv tshav ntuj kub - nws yog ib tug ntawm cov hnub qub. Zoo li feem ntau tej yam ntuj tso philosophers, Bruno yog tseem suav hais tias yog qhov xwm ntawm cov khoom thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm animated los ntawm nqa txoj kev sib sau ntawm ob paus ntsiab lus. Paracelsus yog ob qho tib si ib tug kws kho mob, astronomer, thiab alchemist. Nws, dhau lawm, yog ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj ib tug general kev sib raug zoo, thiab hais tias nws yog animated, tab sis kuv ntseeg tau hais tias kev sib raug zoo - "tej yam yees siv thiab mystical" vim hais tias tau ib tug yuam sij rau lub "discovery ntawm qhov". Ntuj philosophy yog nrov tsis tsuas yog cov nws lub contemporaries - txog nws yog legendary thiab nws yog ib tug kws kho mob Faustus prototypes nyob rau hauv European ntaub ntawv.