Tsim, Science
Ob fertilization
Tsw ntsim nplej uas poob rau hauv stigma ntawm ib txoj kev los sis lwm, pib yuav ciaj sia. Lis swells, paj ntoos raj yog tsim los ntawm lub vegetative hlwb. Yog li, lub germination pib. Lub plhaub lov ntawm lub thinnest qhov chaw ntawm lub paj ntoos raj. Los ntawm cov ntxeev ntawm lub raj tseg tshwj xeeb tshuaj. Lawv muag fabrics kem thiab stigma.
Lub keeb ntawm lub generative thiab vegetative hlwb dhau mus rau hauv lub paj ntoos raj. Generative cell faib thiab ntaub ntawv ob phev. Los ntawm lub micropyle (ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub plhaub) ovule paj ntoos raj yog penetrated rau hauv lub embryo sac. Hauv lub hnab raj yog lawm thiab nws txheem nchuav tawm.
Ces fusion muaj tshwm sim nrog cov phev los ntawm ib tug lub qe. Yog li, ib tug zygote, tom qab muab pib noob embryo. Ua ke nrog ob hauj lwm ua ke nrog lub hauv paus keeb ntawm cov phev. Qhov no ua rau cov tsim ntawm triploid nucleus dov tom qab nyob rau hauv triploid endosperm, uas yog ob.
Tag nrho cov saum toj no yog hu ua ib tug "ob fertilization nyob rau hauv flowering nroj tsuag."
Antipodes thiab synergids (ncov qaumteb qabteb nuclei nyob rau hauv lub embryo sac) tom qab kawm tiav ntawm tus txheej txheem yog yaj, thiab integuments (ntaub thaiv) rau noob tsho tiv no.
Ob chav fertilization nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tau raug nrhiav tau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij S. Navashin.
Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, tus nucleus nyob rau hauv lub embryonic sac yog feem ntau npaum li cas loj tshaj cov phev nucleus, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev nrhiav cov thawj interphase (intermediate theem). Nyob rau hauv no mob thiab zoo ntawm lub nuclei ntawm lub embryo sac tej zaum yuav txawv. Piv txwv li, ib co Asteraceae lawv tej zaum yuav elongated, tej zaum tortuous, uas tsis yog nucleoli. Feem ntau, cov phev uas hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sib npaug interphase nuclei nrog nucleoli, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, tsis muaj sib piv rau cov qauv ntawm cov poj niam nuclei.
Ob chav fertilization yuav ua tau ntawm ob hom, nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm ntawm lub union los ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam nuclei.
Yog li, thaum tus txheej txheem no tshwm sim premitotic immersion phev nuclei nyob rau hauv tus poj niam tub ntxhais, qhov twg despiralization (unwinding) chromosomes. Nyob rau hauv no union poob lawm ob chromosomes nyob rau hauv interphase nuclei ua.
Postmitotic ob fertilization yog kev nkag teb chaws ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam nuclei, ceev plhaub nyob rau hauv prophase, uas xaus lawv lub koom haum. Kev Kawm Ntawv interphase nuclei, uas muaj chromosome poob lawm, los tom qab yuav host lub thawj mitotic division nyob rau hauv lub zygote.
Thaum muab ob npaug rau fertilization tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub qe cell fusion ntawm ob haploid (muaj ib nrab ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm chromosomes) cores, txawm li cas los diploid zygote nucleus (nrog ib tug tag nrho teev ntawm chromosomes).
Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov ncov qaumteb qabteb nuclei muaj nyob rau hauv lub central cell yog tsim chromosome tooj ntawm endosperm nuclei.
Ob chav fertilization txhawb zaub yam ntxwv prevailing nyob rau hauv lub endosperm ntawm noob (hybrid) nroj endosperm los ntawm leej txiv. Nrog rau allergic ntawm lub embryo sac ob peb paj ntoos leeg, cov txheej txheem yuav phev los ntawm tus thawj raj, nyob rau hauv lwm yam hlab phev degenerate. Ob chav fertilization los ntawm ob spermatozoa yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj.
Thaum lub sij hawm embryological ob peb tshawb siv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv angiosperms (Compositae, Ranunculaceae, Liliaceae) Navashin accessory endosperm twb muaj pov thawj raws li lub embryo mus sib deev txheej txheem nyob rau hauv flowering nroj tsuag. Qhov no tshwm sim yog cov yam ntxwv xwb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub angiosperms muaj.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ua hauj lwm Navashin pub hais cov nqe lus nug ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub endosperm. Cov uas siv cov uas nrhiav tau ntawm tus paub txog tau tsim ntxiv.
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