Pablo Neruda: sau ib nyuag ntawv sau txog, paj huam thiab creativity. GBOU lyceum № 1568 npe Pablo Neruda

Ilya Ehrenburg hu ua lub kws sau paj lug ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov uas nrov daim ntawv qhia, li cas los xij, koj muaj peev xwm txawm pom zoo. Tom qab Neruda thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej twb ntshai li cov cuab yeej ntawm tus Latin American sab av loj. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, nws yog tseem kev hlub. Sab saum toj txhais ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv. Koj puas xav paub ntxiv txog nws? Ces mam li nyeem no tsab xov xwm.

Lub neej ntawm Pablo Neruda yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv sab nraud cov txheej xwm. Yug Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basualto - qhov no yog qhov tiag lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj lug - nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Parral, nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm Chile. Qhov no tshwm sim tshwm sim Xya hli ntuj 12, 1904.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov kws sau paj lug

Nws txiv yog ib tug kev tsheb ciav hlau neeg xyuas pib - twb nrog los ntawm ib tug lub tsheb ciav hlau laden nrog gravel. Nws niam tuag ntawm tuberculosis ib lub hlis tom qab tus tub. Leej Txiv remarried thiab cov tsev neeg tsiv mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Temuco, uas yog me ntsis rau sab qab teb. Muaj tus tub loj hlob. Pablo Neruda muab khaws cia tseg xav thov ua tsaug puas ntawm cov stepmother. Nws sau hais tias nws yog ib tug siab zoo thiab ua siab dawb siab poj niam uas tuav lub neeg pluag lom zem. Nws yog tas li fussed thiab muab kev kho mob ntawm txhua leej txhua tus.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau Lycée

Nyob rau hauv 6 xyoo, tus me nyuam raug coj mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Maj mam, Pablo Neruda yog xav nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv, kuv pib compose nws tus kheej. Thawj kwv huam luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntawv xov xwm, thaum tseem me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub Lyceum. Nws yog ces hais tias lub npe menyuam yaus yug - nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim zais poetic qhia los ntawm nws tus txiv, uas pom nyob rau hauv lawv qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob neuspevaniya tub nyob rau hauv kev kawm lej. Lub npe raug xaiv nyob rau hauv lub spur rau ntawm lub caij - Pablo nyiam ib tug ntawm cov dab neeg ntawm lub Czech classics ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem Yana Nerudy, thiab tus tub ho tsis to taub qhov txhawj xeeb thiab ua Neruda. Tom qab no lub npe twb qhaib rau nws los ntawm ib tug hauj lwm ua - nws twb muaj nyob rau hauv phau passport.

Thawj nqi zog, thawj sau

Thaum lub kawg lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug tub hluas nws tau tsiv mus rau Santiago thiab nkag mus hauv lub pedagogical lub koom haum, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Moscow University. Ntawm no nws kawm lus Askiv thiab Fabkis. Ces Pablo Neruda yeej thawj nqi zog rau ib tug paj huam hu ua "Nyiaj so koobtsheej Song" nyob rau hauv tus menyuam kawm ntawv kev sib tw. Ib tug 19-xyoo-laus Neruda yog tus sau ntawm lub paj huam sau "sau los ntawm sunsets," tus nqi ntawm zus tau tej cov uas nws them los ntawm muag lub pitiful kawm. Txawm ces nws manifested nws tsaus ntuj nti poetic luv - Neruda recalled hais tias nws tau sau nyob rau hauv 2, 3, 4 thiab txawm 5 kwv huam ib hnub twg. Yeej nws yog ib tug xibhwb paj huam, me nyuam kawm ntawv thiab imitative. Tab sis tseem taus poetic suab tsis cuam tshuam ua tim ib tug zoo tswv yim, uas los ua nws artistic Credo. Pablo Neruda sau hais tias nws xav los ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, uas yuav npog nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm kom ntau li ntau tau. Nws xav hauj lwm ua ke rau cov txheej xwm, mob siab rau, xwm thiab tus txiv neej, thiab hais tias tag nrho cov no tau raug qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug.

Nyob rau hauv cov tib xyoo, Neruda tau txuas mus rau nom tswv kev ua si, sau ib tug ntawv xov xwm tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug teeb meem, koom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm luam koom haum thiab tub ntxhais kawm ntawv societies.

Nplij siab, mus ncig teb chaws

Mus rau hauv tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm lub koom haum, Neruda yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj hurry mus pib ua hauj lwm lub neej. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ua kom tau tej diplomatic ncej, thiab thaum kawg nyob rau hauv 1927 nws tau los ua nplij siab nyob rau hauv Rangoon, capital ntawm Burma. Qhov no "txoj hauj lwm" (nws nco hais tias nws muaj cia li peb lub hlis mus nqa tawm official hauj lwm) yuav tsum tau muab hu ua ib tug sinecure, seb nws yog zoo-them nyiaj, tab sis ib txwm luag ntawm cov tub ntxhais paj huam - cov neeg txom nyem - tsis dhau nws li zoo. Neruda ces pauv mus rau Ceylon (tam sim no - Sri Lanka), nws kuj tau mus xyuas Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Argentina, thiab lwm yam East enriched xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, muab tej hauj lwm ntawm Neruda lub universality, ib tug tej zaum yuav hais - .. Cosmic, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug paub tab kws sau paj lug.

"Chaw Nyob - lub ntiaj teb"

Npaj los ntawm lub impressions tau los ntawm cov phau hu ua, uas qhia cov views: "Nyob - lub ntiaj teb". Nws mus tawm nyob rau hauv 1935, thaum Neruda twb khwv tau ib cov nqaij ntawd Chilean nplij siab nyob rau hauv Madrid. Tom qab, cov kws sau paj lug recalled no sau, uas tau coj nws lub koob meej uas nws phau ntawv uas muaj cov bitterness brushwork thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej. Tus phooj ywg tsab xov xwm teb Gabriela Mistral, nws pom nyob rau hauv "khaus expressiveness Neruda" nta ntawm lub teb chaws vernacular. Siv nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no txoj kev poob nthav bold, arbitrary associativity Neruda khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Nom tswv nyiam thiab lawv cov hniav

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub Mev Civil rog Neruda koom nyob rau hauv ib tug nom tswv sib ntaus rau tus Republican sab, sau paj huam sau "Spain nyob rau hauv lub siab". Tsoom fwv ntawm Chile tau ntshai xws cwj pwm raws li incompatible nrog lub diplomatic ncej thiab pauv nws mus rau lub post ntawm nplij siab nyob rau hauv Paris. By lub sij hawm tus mob yog lub sij hawm sab laug qab, thiab twb ib tug naas ej kws sau paj lug yuav nyob rau hauv Chile, 150 kilometers ntawm lub capital, nplua nuj villa "Isla Negra" (Dub Island).

Neruda los ua ib tug Communist

Nws nom tswv sympathies yog maj hloov - nyob rau hauv 1945 nws tuaj koom lub Communist tog ntawm Chile, thiab txij li thaum 1959 yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm nws cov Central Committee. Rau Latinos, xws sentiments yog hom. Cov ua rau cov nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag backwardness ntawm lawv lub teb chaws lawv pom nyob rau hauv lub tsis ncaj ncees kev system, ntsig txog, thiab kev daws ntawm ceev teeb meem saib tsuas yog los ntawm kev hloov. Rau Neruda lub individualism kuj tsis tsim nyog. Tom qab ntawm cov Nobel, nws hais tias nws tau xaiv lub zog txoj kev, uas faib cov neeg lub luag hauj lwm, thiab kev teev hawm ntawm cov neeg raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub ntug, prefers ib tug heev heev party ntawm humble kev pab cuam, uas muaj peev xwm tej zaum yuav yuam kev, txawm li cas los, relentlessly tsiv rau pem hauv ntej.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws rejects individualism, attracted los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov hero. Nyob rau hauv nws koos xyoo Neruda recalled hais tias qhov tsaus ntuj nti sab ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov cwm pwm cult yog tsis raug thawb tawm ntawm nws lub siab rau cov duab ntawm Stalin, ib tug nruj txiv neej nws tus kheej, "Titanic protector" ntawm lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Russia. Los ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim uas nrog no "Titanic tiv thaiv," Neruda tig mus los ntawm ob lub cov kev uas tsis hloov lub essence. Yog li ntawd nws nyob txog rau thaum xaus.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub post ntawm Senator, lub davhlau mus Argentina

Ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau cov tawm lub sijhawm uas nws nyob rau hauv lub biography ntawm Neruda txuam nrog rau post-tsov rog lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev xaiv tsa phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv 1947 nws txaus siab rau candidacy ntawm Gonzalez Videla, tsis skimp on cov lus cog tseg. Nws los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Chile, thiab Neruda twb raug xaiv ib tug senator. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub phem tshaj Latin American sawv, Videla tuaj rau lub hwj chim, pib ib tug loj heev kev tsim txom ntawm yav tas los ntawm UFW, nrog rau cov Communist. Nyob rau hauv lub teb, Neruda ua nyob rau hauv lub Senate nrog ib tug ntse hais lus nyob rau hauv uas, yog hais tias tsis zam theatricality, hais tias "J'accuse!" Raws li ib zaug Zola. Ib lub hlis tom qab ntawd, muaj ib qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nws raug ntes. Kuv yuav tsum tau mus mus ua tej qho, thiab ces hnav khaub ncaws nyuj drover, khiav los ntawm lub roob nyob rau hauv Argentina. Lub neej nyob rau hauv exile twb tau sau nrog mus ua si rau txawv teb chaws, kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb Congress of Peace, thiab li ntawd.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1969, Neruda nominated rau tus thawj tswj kev xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv Chile, tab sis nws yuav siv sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm Salvador Allende. Nrog lub yeej kawg Neruda yuav Ambassador ntawm Chile nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nws paub mus puav pheej cov Nobel nqi zog rau nws. Tab sis mob loj rog tus kws sau paj lug rov qab mus tsev. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug tsam tsev kho mob 12 hnub tom qab cov ntshav coup tsoom fwv (23 Cuaj hlis 1973).

exhumation

Nws yog nthuav tias yuav luag 40 xyoo tom qab nws tuag, li ntawd, lub cev tau raug mus rau lub exhumation. Nws aim yog mus nrhiav tau tawm qhov tiag yog vim li cas uas coj mus rau kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Lub fact tias cov Nobel laureate tuag nyob rau hauv heev mysterious yam. Nws tuag 12 hnub tom qab cov tub rog Junta seized hwj chim nyob rau hauv Chile. Tus tuag daim ntawv pov thawj hais tias qhov ua rau ntawm nws tau txais kev pab raws li prostate cancer. Tab sis cov phooj ywg ua tim khawv hais tias ib tug ob peb teev ua ntej nws tuag, Neruda hais yuav tsiv mus nyob ntawm nws tus kheej, yog nyob rau hauv zoo ntsujplig. Nws txoj kev tuag tuaj tom qab txhaj tshuaj, ua los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob. , Ua nyob rau hauv 2011, tus tsom xam paub tseeb hais tias lub xaus twv los ntawm cov kws kho mob.

Analysis creativity Neruda

Nyob rau hauv lub postwar xyoo, Neruda yog tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kev sau ntawv. Tag nrho huvsi, lawv tsim 40 cais, tsis muaj dab tsi repetitive phau ntawv. Nws cov paj huam yog txhais ua ntau hom lus (Italian Salvatore Quasimodo txhais nws), nws tau yeej thoob ntiaj teb paub, tab sis nws twb lossi nrog lub kws sau paj lug lub koob npe nrov, tej zaum ci ntsa iab, tab sis ntau dhau "ntev", chaotic, puas ntsoog. Neruda yuav zoo li cas nyuab heev, nws yuav luag txheej thaum ub, ib yam nkaus thiab nws rhetoric thiab verbosity, nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub kws sau paj lug, uas nrog nws undeniable merits tsis tau raws li cov cai ntawm cov saj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog li ciali mus ntau critics ntawm Pablo Neruda.

Teb txog nws, txawm li cas los, yog tsis yog li ntawd unequivocal. Critics ceeb toom hais tias cov saum toj no txhais lus ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Neruda yog tej vim translation: reconstruction ntawm nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws lus hais, yeej los ntawm lwm yam poetic ntaub ntawv - qhov teeb meem ntawm exceptional complexity. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov Mev-hais lus ntiaj teb no, qhov no paj huam feem ntau tov txoj kev xav ntawm voos thiab admiration. Juan Ramon Jimenez ua ntej tsov rog hu ua Neruda tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug "zoo phem kws sau paj lug". Tom qab ntawd nws commuted cov kab lus, hais tias cov Mev-American paj huam rampant qhia nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsej muag, raws li nws absorbed lub voj voog ntawm qhov, thiab cov metamorphosis ntawm txoj kev tuag thiab lub neej xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv lub heev kev muaj tiag ntawm lub teb chaws.

Kawm Latin America yog hu ua "ib sab av loj nyob qhov twg muaj tag nrho cov muaj hnub nyoog." Lawv tshwm sim thiab nyob rau hauv lub contradictory, lam ua thiab unbridled paj huam Pablo Nerudy, uas, raws li sau tseg nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv, yog ua phem rau inclusiveness thiab epic suffers los ntawm tsaws, sinking mus rau hauv lub depths ntawm mythological xav thiab tag nrho ntawm lub neej txhua hnub ntawm hnub no.

Translations ntawm Pablo Neruda nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tag nrho cov translations ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog heev tsis muaj tseeb, txawm lub fact tias lawv ua hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws txhais lus. Qhov tseeb hais tias Neruda siv cov nyuaj style ntawm kev sau ntawv - tsis muaj suab xaus sib dhos, laim ntoom kab ntev, nyuaj heev rau txim tuag. Tshwj xeeb ntau li ntau rau smooth verses, muab lawv mus rau hauv tsoos suab xaus sib dhos. Nyob rau hauv daim teb no tshwj xeeb yog distinguished Margarita Aguilar thiab Ilya Ehrenburg. Pablo nws tus kheej qhov zoo tshaj plaws neeg txhais lus ntawm nws tej hauj lwm xam tau tias yog Pavla Glushko. Tab sis nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Tom qab Neruda tsis muaj Lavxias teb sab lus.

Zog ntawm Guj kuj yog qhia ua paj nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm no kws sau paj lug. Qhov no yog evidenced los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv nws yawm hu ua cov kev kawm thiab kev cai tsev. QAUV lwm cov cheeb tsam yuav siv sij hawm Moscow.

1568 Lyceum npe Pablo Neruda

Nyob rau hauv lub capital, 17 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2006 Lyceum twb qhib, npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Lyceum 1568 Pablo Neruda - ib lub xeev kev kawm lub tsev, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv-tob kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub disciplines ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm kev thiab tej yam ntuj tso sciences. Qhov chaw ua hauj occupies nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm lub capital ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no 16th qhov chaw. Lyceum npe Pablo Neruda nyob rau hauv 1568 tau txais ib tug zoo ntawm lawv cov tsiaj Grant tus kav nroog ntawm Moscow (nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 2011-12 thiab 2012-13.). Ntau ntev los no, nyob rau hauv 2013, tsev kawm ntawv no twb reorganized - mus nqa tawm nws merger nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv tus naj npawb 233, xov tooj 307, xov tooj 1237, raws li tau zoo raws li tus xov tooj ntawm kindergartens nyob rau hauv 1606, tus xov tooj 1880, tus xov tooj 1255, tus xov tooj 2145, tus xov tooj 1928.

Niaj hnub no GBOU 1568 Lyceum npe Pablo Neruda yog aimed ntawm cov neeg uas xav mus tiag koom nyob rau hauv lub natural sciences (Science News for KIDS, physics), lej thiab engineering disciplines (science, nyeem ntawv). Nws yog ib cov khoom profile. Lawv yuav kawm nyob rau hauv qhov tob, uas mus kawm nyob rau hauv high school Pablo Neruda. Thaum cov tub ntxhais qhia rau zoo tshaj kev kawm, cov chav kawm ntawv yog muab faib ua ob los yog peb pab pawg neeg. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj 10-15 neeg. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus kawm high school nyob rau hauv 1568 mus rau lawv. Pablo Neruda, zaum nyob rau ntawm lawv lub rooj rau cov yam ib tug nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thiab yog li ntawd zoo dua muaj peev xwm mus nqus prepodnosimye khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hais complex teeb meem thiab ntau nyob rau hauv-tob txoj kev tshawb no ntawm disciplines ncaav xaiv thiab dawb lub pej. Cov neeg uas xav mus rau hauv lub npe Pablo Nerudy high school, koj yuav tsum xeem kom dhau tus nkag mus ntsuam xyuas thiab dhau kev sib tham. Tam sim no, kev cob qhia yog ua los ntawm 5 mus kawm qib 11. Qhib ntawm txoj kev npaj kev ua ub no rau cov neeg uas xav mus sau npe kawm nyob rau hauv high school los yog tau txais ib tug xav paub ntau tshaj thiab loj paub. Pablo Neruda School generously txoj lawv nrog cov muaj kev txhawj xeeb me nyuam.

Txawm li cas los, tsis tau tsuas yog high school nyob rau hauv lub capital hu ua lub npe ntawm tus poj poet. Muaj kuj yog ib tug tsev qiv ntawv Pablo Nerudy (xov tooj 62). Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ul. Iaroslavskaia, 13, lub vaj tse 1 (Metro ENEA). Lwm cov tsev qiv ntawv nyob rau hauv nws lub npe - № 187, nyob rau Prospect mira, 180. Tag nrho cov no yuav qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj yog ib tug zoo txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws cwm pwm thiab creativity.