Pentameter - nws ... iambic, trochee, amphibrach

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav qhia rau koj txog lub pentameter, thiab lwm yam poetic luv luv ntau thiab tsawg pab. Peb thawj txhais tau lub tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Lub atherosclerosis yog suab qauv uas muaj nqe kab. Qhov no yog ib tug general ordering ntawm poetic hais lus. Ntsuas yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub atherosclerosis. Qhov no tsis tu ncua alternation ntawm unstressed thiab nyuab siab lub suab (kev qaug zog thiab ua tau zoo) nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, cov general tswvyim ntawm nws cov suab atherosclerosis.

Loj yog ib txoj kev lub suab lub koom haum ntawm paj huam; no xyov cov ntaub ntawv peb twb tau piav ib 'meter'. Piv txwv li, iambus yuav raws muaj xws li ib tug xaiv ntawm odnostopnogo rau dvenadtsatistopnogo thiab dawb. Loj nyob rau hauv syllabic versification, peb yuav txiav txim seb tus xov tooj ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv lub tonic - xav tias yuav lub xov tooj ntawm txhawj xeeb, thiab syllabic-tonic thiab ib tug metric - tus naj npawb ntawm ko taw thiab meters (iambic, trochee, amphibrach li al.).

Lub etymology ntawm lo lus "pentameter"

Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev txaus siab. Lo lus "pentameter" - yog lub npe ntawm ib tug ancient Greek cov suab paj nruas suab paj nruag. Nws yog hais txog nyob rau hauv classical metric dissyllabic, yooj yim trehmornuyu ko taw (luv luv ntev suab +). Lub prosody syllabo- tonic (Lavxias teb sab, piv txwv li) - ib tug + unstressed suab. Kuj hu ua iambic nqe lus no, uas muaj iambic meters.

Etymology yog tsis raws nraim tsim. Iambic chants, raws li peb paub, yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm tshwj xeeb fertility koob tsheej, uas twb muaj nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Demeter.

Qhov no lub sij hawm yog txuam nrog lub npe Iambs, tub txib Kehl, Eleusinian huab tais. Raws li cov tswvyim hais ua dabneeg, tus hluas nkauj phem kwv huam neeg qw zoo siab Demeter, uas inconsolably qhov txhia chaw nrhiav nws tus ntxhais Persephone. Nws yog tseem tau hais tias lub npe ntawm Yamba - ib tug zab teb ntawm lub ancient lo lus nrog lub phem lub ntsiab lus.

Pentameter nyob rau hauv antiquity

Nyob rau hauv lub paj huam ntawm antiquity feem ntau hom iambic yog trimeter thiab Sénart. Senart muaj xws li rau iambic ko taw. Qhov thib ob hom, trimeter kuj muaj (hu ua dipodies ob ko taw) sib txuas ntxiv ntawm rau iambic taw, uas yog hoob kawm nyob rau hauv officers. Ob lub teeb lub suab nyob rau hauv antique versification yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm ib tug hnyav, thiab vice versa, yuav ua tau ib qho nyuaj los hloov lub ob lub ntsws. Nyob rau hauv tiag tiag xyaum, los ntawm no premise yug ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm iambic paj huam. Kwv huam sau cov ntaub ntawv loj, nws yog ntau tshaj li txhua leej txhua tus lwm tus nyob rau hauv lub txhua hnub hais lus thiab siv li yeej tsis nyob rau hauv lub epic ib hom ntawv nyeem, thiab nyob rau hauv tus yeebyam thiab lyrics (nyob rau hauv comedies, xwm txheej, fables).

Nyob rau hauv Greek iambus metric - ib tug nres dissyllabic muaj thawj thiab thib ob luv luv suab ntev. Nws tsis xav tias anakrusy suab paj nruas cim ntawm lub ancient Greeks, thiab thiaj li cov atherosclerosis yog yog upward (ie iambic) los yog downward (ie trochaic).

Pentameter thiab ferrets

Pentameter thiab ferrets nyob rau hauv lub ancient metrics yog collectively hu ua ib tug nres mus rau lub iambic atherosclerosis rau lub hauv paus uas lub pentameter yog ntau heev (thiab raws li kom deb li deb) tshaj ferrets.

Ferrets - nws kuj yog ib tug Greek lub sij hawm muab los ntawm lo lus "seev cev qhib", raws li zoo raws li qhia rau hauv lub "loj", "lub suab qw ko taw." Lub syllabic-tonic nqe feem ntau siv - thiab chetyrehstopnym shestistopny, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 pib yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov raws li iambic trochee.

Thiab pentameter, thiab ferrets yog binary meters. Nyob rau hauv chorea qhia ntau txog yog nyob rau hauv thawj lub suab nyob rau hauv lub iambic - rau lub thib ob.

Peb-suab poetic qhov ntev

Dissyllabic ntau thiab tsawg pab peb twb saib. Tam sim no ib ob peb lo lus hais txog peb-lub suab. Amphibrach muaj peb taw, nrog rau cov sis nyob rau hauv thawj lub suab. Feem ntau me me ntawm domestic accentual-syllabic nqe - chetyrehstopnym (thaum ntxov 19th century), raws li zoo raws li trehstopny (txij li thaum nruab nrab-xyoo pua puv 19). Dactyl - nws kuj yog ib tug ternary meters, tab sis nrog lub luag Iwm haiv neeg nyob rau hauv tus thawj thiab anapaest - qhov kawg ntawm lub peb.

Pentameter nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv

Tus thawj mention ntawm nws nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, peb yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1619 rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm Smotritsky hu ua "qauv sau ntawv ...". Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm poetics, uas yog hais txog ib tug me me ntawm nqe lus no, iambic pib tshwm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws tsuas yog tom qab lub theoretical ua hauj lwm ua los ntawm V. Trediakovskij. Tsis kwv huam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sillabistov sau cov ntaub ntawv loj. Nyob rau hauv Russia thawj iambic verses tau tsim Trediakovskij.

Pentameter qhov no yog chetyrehstopnym. Ces tus loj ntawm kev siv ntawm kev lig kev cai twb hais ntxiv hais. Piv txwv li, Lomonosov muaj ib tug Ode nyob rau hauv uas siv pentameter - kwv huam rau rau siab ua noj Khotin, lub Turkish fortress.

iambic tetrameter

Yuav kom qhov no hnub twg, ntawm tag nrho cov iambic ntau thiab tsawg pab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog tus nyiam - nws chetyrehstopnym. Kwv yees li 80-85 feem pua ntawm cov domestic paj huam kwv huam sau los ntawm nws. Qhov no luaj li cas ntawm cov nqe lus tau tau lub widest chaw tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas vim hais tias ntawm lub zoo txog ntsha daim ntawv, uas tau raug nruj heev heev rau poetic hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, tab sis vim yog lub tsim kev lig kev cai ntawm kev loj tau ntawm nws cov thawj zoo paj huam - V. Petrov, M. Lomonosov, Derzhavin, thiab ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej, thiab A. Pushkin thiab E. Baratynsky (saib. yees duab).

Nws kuj yog nrov nyob rau hauv lub 18th thiab thaum ntxov 19th centuries shestistopny iambus yus tus ceremonial atherosclerosis. Nws yog tsawg lees nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lyrics, tab sis nyob rau hauv theatrical plays - canonical nqe loj (nrog rau cov tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm zaj lus sib dhos). Cov kev zam yog cov "Woe los ntawm wit" Griboyedov, raws li zoo raws li lub yeebyam "Masquerade" los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm M. Lermontov, uas tau sau free nqe. pentameter luaj li cas ntawm cov Futurists, pom lawv heev tsis tshua muaj, yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntxhib txheem ntawm ntau yam gomofonicheskih xyaum thiab minted phonemes. Iamb iambic siv nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam, yus muaj los ntawm cov khoom daim ntawv no, xws li ib tug octave, Sonnet li al. Heev tsawg trehstopny (mas paj huam hais txog lub sij hawm ntawm cov thawj feem peb ntawm lub 19th century). Feem ntau cov tsim stihovedcheskoy ntaub ntawv kev tshawb xav yog iambic tetrameter. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tshawb ntawm Shengeli B. Tomaszewski, A. Dawb.

Puas muaj dvustopnye thiab odnostopnye iambic nyob rau hauv syllabic-tonic versification?

Dvustopnyh thiab odnostopnyh iambs tsis muaj nyob vim hais tias lawv yog tsis yooj yim sua rhythmological: ib tug illusion los yog dvustopnosti odnostopnosti tsim vim lub zog sib dhos. Piv txwv li, ib tug kws sau paj lug Bryusov ntseeg yuam odnostopnymi iambs nws zaj paj huam.

Pentameter twb ua tau amphibrach. Nws tshwm sim tej zaum vim lub fact tias yog hais tias cov verses cov ntaub ntawv featured rau lus sib dhos cais kab, koj tau ib tug yeeb yam zoo sib thooj odnostopnogo pentameter.

Mnogostopnye iambic

Shestistopny pentameter - nws yog feem ntau cov thib ob shestidolnik nrog monosyllabic anakruzy.

Mnogostopnye feem ntau tau tsim Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym.

Nws yuav sib cav hais tias ua ntej nws muaj tsis muaj iambic pentameter. Paj Huam (iambic) "Cov Gabrieliad" - tus thawj ua hauj lwm sau los ntawm nws. Alexander heev rigoristichen nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua yam uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug nqe ntawm cov lus. Nws yog xav paub hais tias contemporaries hais txog Cantemir nrog qhuas yog vim lub fact tias nws coj cov nqe lus ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm rau nws.

Analogs iambic loj nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov paj huam

Txawm tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov pentameter twb qhia nyob rau hauv lub Soviet ntaub ntawv ua tsaug rau qhov kho kom zoo thiab Trediakovsky University, folk paj huam tau tsim ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm tus ntawm phau ntawv los yog sab hnub poob thawj qhov ntev, cov uas muaj kev lig kev cai nyob ze rau qhov iambic chetyrehstopnym. Nws hu ua chetyrehdolnik thib ob. Nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, cov paj huam tau sau, tsim Nekrasov, hu ua "Leej twg Nyob Zoo nyob rau hauv Russia".