Biography ntawm Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy. nthuav lus tseeb

Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1892-1941) - ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nws yog tus ntxhais Tsvetaeva Ivan Vladimirovich (1847-1913), ib tus paub txog. Rau nws ua hauj lwm yog yus muaj los ntawm romantic maximalism, cov rejection lub neej txhua hnub, ibtxhi kev hlub, nyob ib leeg motives. Major collections ntawm lub kws sau paj lug - "Milestones" (1921), luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1923. "Khoom siv tes ua", "Tom qab Russia" (1928). Nws twb tseem tsim nyob rau hauv 1925 ib tug satirical paj huam hu ua "Pied Piper", thiab lub tom ntej no - "Paj Huam ntawm lub End." Biography ntawm Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy yuav tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

tsev neeg Tsvetaeva

Tsvetaeva Marina twb yug los rau 26 Cuaj hlis (qub style - 8 Lub kaum hli ntuj) 1892 nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws txiv, raws li peb twb hais, yog ib tus paub txog uas tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv ancient keeb kwm, kos duab thiab epigraphy. Nws yog tus tsim thiab thawj thawj coj (los ntawm 1911 mus 1913), tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts. Tus thawj kev sib yuav yog ib tug zoo heev xib fwb, tab sis tom qab tus me nyuam yug ntawm ob tug me nyuam, cov hluas tus poj niam tuag lawm, thiab Ivan Tsvetaev rov sib yuav Mary Mayne. Nyob rau hauv 1892, 26 Cuaj hlis, qhov no khub nyob tus hluas nkauj uas tau txais lub npe ntawm Marina (ie, lub "hiav txwv"). Yog li ntawd pib lub biography ntawm Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy.

Niam, Meyn Mariya Aleksandrovna, tuag nyob rau hauv 1906. Nws yog ib tug pianist, ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Rubinshteyna A. G. Tus poj niam no tau muaj tej yam loj loj nyob rau hauv lub Marina. Nws ua npau suav hais tias nws tus ntxhais kuj los ua ib tug pianist. Txawm li cas los, lub ntiaj teb no ntawm paj huam attracted tus hluas Tsvetaeva ntau tshaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm schemes. Lwm rau xyoo laus ntxhais sau rau thawj nqe. Thiab tsis tsuas Lavxias teb sab Marina yog tshwm sim, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab German. Es nruj me ntsis coj mus ntxhais (Marina thiab nws tus niam hluas Anastasia) niam. Lawv tau txais ib qho kev kawm zoo. Yawg ib nrab-cov kwv tij thiab cov muam - tus historian thiab publicist Ilovajskij Dmitri Ivanovich.

Childhood ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug

Biography ntawm Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov xyoo cim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog ib tug me nyuam vim muaj mob niam tau nyob ib lub sij hawm ntev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Switzerland, Ltalis. So nyob rau hauv kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav xyaum tes taw twb tau sau nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nce nyob rau hauv Freiburg thiab Lausanne. Marina nyob fluent German thiab Fabkis. Nws mloog nyob rau Sorbonne nyob rau hauv 1909, cov ntaub ntawv Fabkis thaum kawg.

Early ywj siab

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus niam ntawm tus me nyuam mob poob rau hauv nws txiv lub xub pwg nyom. Nws yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nyob rau ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, kom lawv thiaj li tsis mob siab tag nrho nws lub sij hawm. Uas yog vim li cas, tej zaum, tej nkauj tau zus tshaj nws lub xyoos ywj siab, los ua xav thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub xeev, cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov opposite pw ua niam txiv.

Kev Kawm Ntawv Marina Tsvetaeva

Thaum lub insistence ntawm nws niam nyob ib tug hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog Marina Tsvetaeva mus rau cov suab paj nruag lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab coj tsev suab paj nruag. Tab sis cov kev ua ub tom qab kev tuag ntawm Mary lub ntxiv kev loj hlob muaj tsis tau. Marina thiab nws tus niam hluas tau txais nws thawj hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv tsev, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws niam. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 8-9 lub xyoo, lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug tuaj koom cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav xyaum tes taw Bryukhonenko MT, thiab ces nyob rau hauv Switzerland, nyob rau hauv Lausanne. Nws kawm nyob rau hauv 1903 nyob rau hauv ib tug Catholic nce tsev kawm ntawv, thiab ces mus tom qab ib tsev neeg tsiv mus rau hauv ib tug Fabkis txoj nce tsev kawm ntawv. Tsvetaeva txuas ntxiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau lub tsev qhua Freiburg. Nws yooj yim muab lus, thiab ces nws yog feem ntau khwv tau nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus, vim hais tias creativity tsis nce cov nyiaj tau no kws sau paj lug, zoo li Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography thiab kwv huam nws tsuas yog tom qab nws tuag tau pib mus deev cov kev txaus siab ntawm muaj ntau.

Marina mus nyob rau hauv 1908 rau Paris, qhov chaw uas nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau Sorbonne. Nws muaj nws mloog lus qhuab qhia rau cov laus cov ntaub ntawv Fabkis.

Thaum pib ntawm kev sau ntawv ua si

Creative biography ntawm Mariny Ivanovny Tsvetaevoy pib raws li nram no. Tus thawj phau ntawv thwmsim tau txuam nrog rau lub voj voog ntawm lub Symbolists ntawm Moscow. Marina tau ntsib Briusov, uas muaj ib tug zoo feem nyob rau hauv nws thaum ntxov paj huam, thiab nrog xws li kws sau paj lug li Ellios (Kobylinskiy Lev Lvovich). Nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ub ntawm tej pab pawg thiab studios, nyob rau ntawm lub publishing tsev "Musaget". Tsis tas li ntawd muaj ib tug yawm cawv artistic thiab poetic ntiaj teb no ntawm lub tsev (nyob rau hauv lub Crimea), kos duab rau critic thiab kws sau paj lug Maximilian Voloshin. Nws nyob nyob rau hauv Koktebel ntau lub sij hawm.

Tus thawj collections

Nyob rau hauv nws ob collections ntawm paj huam "Yav tsaus ntuj Album" (1910) thiab "Cov khawv koob Teeb" (1912), raws li zoo raws li sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1914 paj huam "dab" txhij txhua piav qhia ntawm lub tsev wares (portraits, tsom iav, halls, cov me nyuam), nyeem ntawv, kev taug kev nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj, suab paj nruag, hauj lwm, kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus niam hluas thiab niam simulated chaw muag mis nyuj ntawm ib tug hluas schoolgirl. "Yav tsaus ntuj album" fij tseg rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Mary Bashkirtseva Konstantinovna artist uas tsom chaw muag mis nyuj, confessional orientation. Raws li sau nyob rau hauv 1921, cov paj huam "Nyob rau hauv liab nees" zoo xav tsis thoob romantic ballads pom zaj dab neeg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug txiav txim siab.

ntxiv ua hauj lwm

Dlhau kev sib raug zoo nrog Sofey Parnok (uas peb tseem qhia), ib lub voj voog ntawm cov kwv huam "hluas nkauj" nyob rau hauv 1916. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog tuaj lub voj voog hu ua "Swan Song," uas yog nplooj siab mus rau lub heroism ntawm cov dawb ceev xwm. Muaj nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm thiab kwv huam, thiab romantic daim, xws li "ib tug liab nees", "Yegorushka", "Tsar leej".

Yi nrog Rodzevich tshwm sim lub creation ntawm collections ntawm "Paj Huam ntawm lub End" thiab "Paj Huam ntawm lub roob." Nyob rau hauv Paris, muaj ib lub xeem lub neej sau los ntawm Marina. Qhov no tsev neeg tsiv tsev nyob rau hauv 1928 los ntawm cov koom pheej Czech. Nws tseem unpublished, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Marina ua ib tug nyob mas translations thiab muaj tswv yim yav tsaus ntuj.

qee

Qhov loj tshaj tsis Efron tsev neeg (tus txiv ntawm tus kws sau paj lug), thiab Tsvetaeva, dab tsi sim hawm caij nyoog kom lawv tsiv mus nyob rau lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 1939? Yav tas los Dawb tub ceev xwm, Efron, uas tiv thaiv ib qho nyuaj tiv thaiv cov Bolsheviks, mam li nco dheev ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov kev kovyeej ntawm communism. Nws tau txais rov qab rau hauv Paris nrog lub zej zog los tswj lub NKVD, uas dealt nrog cov rov qab los ntawm emigrants mus rau lawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1937, thawj tuaj rau Moscow Marina Tsvetaeva tus ntxhais, Ariadne (uas twb puas tau raug ntes ua ntej lwm leej lwm tus). Tom qab ntawd Sergei Efron dim, raws li nws tau nyom kev sib raug zoo nrog cov NKVD nyob rau hauv Paris. Marina thiab nws tus tub ua raws li nws tus txiv mus rau thaum xaus ntawm ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug hlub tus poj niam.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm Marina I.

Cov nram qab no cov txheej xwm ua kom tiav nws biography. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva tej lub ntes ntawm nws tus txiv thiab tus ntxhais nyob rau hauv 1939, nws tawg lawm cov kws sau paj lug. Nws twb nyob ib leeg nrog nws tus tub George. Thiab cov kev sib raug zoo nrog nws, puas heev rapt xim, twb mixed. Heev txhawj xeeb vim hais tias ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm no nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Luv luv biography ntawm cov hnub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej haujlwm nram qab no ib tug neeg tuag taus kev tshwm sim. Lub yim hli ntuj 31, 1941, tom qab raug evacuated mus Yelabuga nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov phaum ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog, Tsvetaeva hanged nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub Kama dej, nyob rau hauv lub nrog tsev, uas tau raug faib mus rau lawv nrog nws tus tub. Nws yeej tsis tau pom lub qhov ntxa uas Marina Tsvetaeva, txawm lub dag zog ntawm nws tus niam hluas Anastasia, uas yog rehabilitated nyob rau hauv 1959, thiab nws tus ntxhais Ariadne (rehabilitated nyob rau hauv 1955). Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1941, nyob rau hauv Moscow, raug tua los ntawm Sergei Efron.

Xws li yog ib tug nyuag Phau ntawv sau txog Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna.

Tus nqi creation kws sau paj lug

Peb txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug, hmoov tsis, thaum lub neej tsis tos rau Vocabulary. Nws yuav tsum tau mus tshaib plab, thiab kev xyaum seevcev thiab collections tabtom twb tsis menyuam los ntawm nws lub contemporaries. Tam sim no, txawm li cas los, Tsvetaeva yog rightfully ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog. Luv luv biography ntawm Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna thiab nws cov kwv huam no muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Niaj hnub no nws yog heev nrov kwv huam, ntau yam uas tau ua nto moo romances, teem rau suab paj nruag. Tam sim no, tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tiam sis kuj txawv teb chaws nyiam txoj kev hlub thiab paub txog Marina Tsvetaeva. Luv biography nyob rau hauv lus Askiv Marina Ivanovna, piv txwv li, yog tsim los ntawm ntau tus sau phau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands, nyob rau hauv Leiden, lub tsev yog nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv uas yog sau kwv huam Tsvetaeva (daim duab qhia hauv qab no).

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Tsvetaeva

Tej lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug (nws nws tus kheej tsis nyiam lo lus, hu ua nws tus kheej lub kws sau paj lug) los ntawm nws ua hauj lwm yuav cais tsis tau. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los tham txog ib tug ob peb nthuav cov lus tseeb uas tau cim nws lub neej. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva sau tau nws zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub, thaum lub caij ntawm muaj zog lub siab lub ntsws yaam puab paub.

Muaj ntau tsausmuag novels nyob rau hauv lub Marina ntawm lub neej, tiam sis tsuas yog txoj kev hlub tau ploj mus los ntawm lub tag nrho lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj lug - yog Sergei Efron, uas tau los ua nws tus txiv thiab leej txiv ntawm nws cov me nyuam.

Plaug lawv yog romantic, nyob rau hauv Crimea nyob rau hauv 1911. Marina, thaum lub sij hawm budding kws sau paj lug, nyob ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub caw ntawm Maximilian Voloshin, nws nyob ze cov phooj ywg.

Sergei Efron nyob rau hauv lub Crimea tuaj yuav kho tsis tau tom qab noj, raws li tau zoo raws li rau rov qab tom qab lub yus tua yus ntawm nws niam. Twb tau nyob rau 1912, nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj, lawv tau sib yuav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Tsvetaeva tus ntxhais, Ariadne. Txawm li cas los, txawm lub fact tias lub marina yog heev menyuam los ntawm nws tus txiv, 2 xyoos tom qab tus me nyuam yug ntawm Ali (lub thiaj-hu ua tsev Ariadne) nws plunges headlong rau hauv ib tug tshiab tshiab. Thiab lub sij hawm no tus poj niam, kws sau paj lug thiab tus neeg txhais lus Sophia Parnok hlub Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Luv luv biography rau cov me nyuam, ntawm chav kawm, tsis hais nws. Painfully tej Efron mob siab rau nws tus poj niam, tab sis raug. Nyob rau hauv 1916, tom qab ntau quarrels thiab reconciliations, Tsvetaeva thaum kawg tsoo nrog Parnok thiab xa rov qab mus rau lub tsev neeg.

Tom qab ib tug reconciliation nrog nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv 1917, Marina muab yug mus rau Irina, uas tau ua ib tug chim siab rau Tsvetaeva, uas xav tau ib tus tub. Efron koom nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm dawb, tiv thaiv nrog lub Bolsheviks, yog li sab laug tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, Moscow thiab mus rau sab qab teb, nyob qhov twg nws koom nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv ntawm lub Crimea. Nws emigrated cia li tom qab Denikin tus tub rog thaum kawg swb lawm.

Nrog ob tug me nyuam nyob Marina Tsvetaeva nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tso tsev neeg yog thiab yuav tsum tau muag noj. Txawm li cas los, txuag tus yau tus ntxhais, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv zog, nws yuav tsis yog ib leej niam. Ira tuag nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, qhov chaw uas nws tau muab Tsvetaeva, vam hais tias tus me nyuam yuav noj zoo dua ntawm no.

Marina thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev sib cais nrog nws tus txiv dim ib tug ob peb ntau novels, tab sis txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv 1922 mus rau Sergei Efron txawv teb chaws. Twb kev cob cog rua nrog koj tus txij nkawm, Marina thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm exile nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej tau ntsib nrog Rodzevich, uas ib txhia historians ntseeg tiag tiag leej txiv ntawm George, qhov ntev-awaited tus tub, tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1925. Tab sis officially nws yog Efron. Nws tau hais ntau ntau zaus nyuab siab qhov Marina Tsvetaeva (biography, interesting cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm cov uas peb tau sib tham txog), uas thaum kawg yug tau ib tug tub, nws tus txiv. Yog li, nws yog cov kev cawm dim lawv tej kev txhaum muaj tom qab tus ntxhais tuag nyob rau hauv lub post-revolutionary Moscow.

Qhov no yog qhov kws sau paj lug Marina Tsvetaeva. Biography, interesting cov lus tseeb ntawm nws lub neej, kev cia siab, aroused lub siab xav nyob rau hauv tus nyeem ntawv mus ntxiv acquaintance nrog no kaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub paj huam ntawm lub nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog. Pom zoo nyeem nws cov kwv huam. Tiag feemxyuam tej hauj lwm tsim Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna. Luv biography (uas yog hu ua cov nyiaj hnub nyoog, cia siab tias koj nco ntsoov) twb tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm.