Philosophy nkoj ... thiab yog hais tias nws yog?

Lub ntiaj teb no paub lub npe ntawm M. Ilyin, Berdyaev, Sorokin, S. Bulgakov. Tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab neeg, txawj xav thiab txawj uas tau ua poob cev qhev lawv teb chaws. Lawv thiab ntau lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia khiav Russia nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm xyoo 1922 nyob rau hauv yuam. Philosophy Nkoj - ib tug collective lub npe muab rau cov ob hlab ntsha sailed los ntawm Russia lub teb chaws Yelemees, on board uas tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub teb chaws lub intellectuals, uas tsis kam txais lub Bolshevik ideology.

Muaj tsis ntev los no cov ntaub ntawv thiab documentaries, uas qhia tias philosophical steamer - yog ib tug invention ntawm lub Bolsheviks, uas yog tsis heev npaum li cas ib tug neeg twb tau xa. A hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov hype uas Western tsoom fwv ntseeg hais tias tus tw ntawm Bolshevik regime taws rau cov teb chaws Europe. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj cov tub soj xyuas, scouts, uas yog los npaj rau hauv av rau lub ntiaj teb no kiv puag ncig, uas ces ua npau suav ntawm Lavxias teb sab Social-Democrats.

Cia peb tig mus rau qhov tseeb. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20-ies nyob rau hauv Russia tsim ib tug authoritarian tsoom fwv taws los Lenin. Nom tswv lub neej yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tswj, nqa tawm high-profile neeg mob tiv thaiv cov Socialist-Revolutionaries thiab Mensheviks, ib zaug xwb ideological system tsim. Tab sis cov kev cai thiab ntawm sab ntsuj plig lub neej yog zoo li tshaj no ntau txoj cai. Nyiaj hnub nyoog, seb yuav muab cov ib tug surge nyob rau hauv kos duab, philosophical thiab scientific thought, txuas ntxiv nws kev loj hlob los ntawm inertia. Intellectuals, free xav, lub peev xwm los critically soj ntsuam cov communist ideology, yog ib tug txaus ntshai rau lub tawm tsoom fwv. Nyeem "lub Plawv ib tug aub", muaj ntau yam yuav muaj tseeb rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm kev xav cov neeg uas lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam, rau tagnrho-Lavxias teb sab Central Executive Committee tau txais txoj kev cai "Nyob rau kev tswj raug muab rho tawm", uas yog ib zajlus kom xaus thiab los ua philosophical steamer. 1922 twb cim los ntawm cov arrests ntawm intellectuals xav tias counterrevolutionary tendencies, ua ntej uas sawv ib tug xaiv: yog "yeem" lawm los yog lub tsev loj cuj los yog txawm tua.

Raws li cov memoirs Nikolaya Berdyaeva nws yog tseeb hais tias cov ua nqa tawm "yeem" cov neeg tsiv teb. Thaum siv ib lub lim tiam nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj, Berdyaev kos npe rau ib daim ntawv txais hais tias nws yuav tsis rov qab mus rau nws teb koj chaw. Txwv tsis pub kuv yuav tau raug tua. Ib tug zoo xws li cov txheej txheem coj qhov chaw ntau moons Nikolai Alexandrovich.

Thoob plaws hauv Russia tsim lub npe ntawm undesirables rau lub tshiab tsoom fwv. Cov lawv twb cov kws kho mob, Agronomists, engineers, nyuab thiab philosophers. Qhov kawg ua ib tug tshwj xeeb pab rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm philosophy, Sociology, political science.

Tag nrho cov philosophical steamer coj los ntawm Russia txog 200 ntawm nws zoo tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev. Tracing txoj kev ntawm lub neej ntawm ntau yam, peb twb paub lawm hais tias lawv cov neeg ncaj ncees, tsis yog tus nplua nuj, rau feem ntau ntawm lawv, mus txawv teb chaws tsis tau yooj yim, thiab kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm hnub lawv tau Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig. Teb cog txiv uas poob rau hauv lub qhia txog cov Russia nyob rau hauv 1941-1945., Yuav tsis tawm ab tsi raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub teb chaws. Raws li ntau li ntau lawv pab tus motherland thiab lub Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub sim tawm tsam fascism.

Lub nkoj qab thus, uas raug ntiab tawm teb chaws, hu ua "philosophical nkoj". 1922 yog lub kawg rau lawv nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub tsuas kos yog kev cai dab qhuas philosopher thiab historian Lev Karsavin. Thaum kawg ntawm lub 20s nws tsiv mus rau Lithuania, uas tsis ntev tig mus rau hauv ib tug ib feem ntawm lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv 1950, Leo Platonovich twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 68 xyoo rau nqi ntawm anti-Soviet kev koom tes thiab raug txim mus rau 10 xyoos nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam.

Cov no yog cov lus tseeb. Tej zaum philosophical nkoj thiab tsav tsheb mus ib ob peb cov neeg uas tau ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau neeg sawv cev. Txawm li cas los, qhov tseeb hais tias tsis hloov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub hais tias lub nkoj yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug philosophical tawm tsam rau cov kev tswj ntawm lub tuam txhab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim tau tshem tawm Russia tus zoo tshaj plaws minds.