Pob txha mos cov ntaub so ntswg: muaj nuj nqi thiab cov yam ntxwv nta

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card tias txawm lub ncaws pob nyob rau hauv lub cev zoo thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug kuj thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog, feem ntau poob tawm ntawm txoj kev kawm vim kev raug mob. Ib tug loj kev faib ua feem ntawm lawv tej teeb meem - ligament. Lub weakest ib feem ntawm lawv - cov pob txha mos. Cov kev ua ntawm puas cov pob qij txha, nws puv tawm, yuav tsum tau rov qab, yog hais tias tus lub sij hawm them sai sai rau cov teeb meem thiab los tsim tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau cov kev kho mob thiab lwm cov hlwb.

Cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev

Cov tib neeg lub cev - yog ib tug complex thiab saj zawg zog system uas muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej-kev cai. Nws muaj ib tug txawv qauv, thiab kev khiav dej num ntawm lub hlwb. Lawv tshwm sim basal metabolism. Ua ke nrog cov uas tsis yog-cellular lug, lawv koom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg: epithelial, nqaij, paj, connective.

Epithelial hlwb ua lub hauv paus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lawv kab nrog kab noj hniav (mob plab, thoracic, Upper pa ib ntsuj av tau, lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av tau). Nqaij tso cai ib tug neeg yuav tawm mus. nws kuj tsiv nrog puag ncig nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab. Musculature subdivided rau hauv hom: smooth (mob plab phab ntsa lub cev thiab cov hlab ntsha), lub plawv, skeletal (striated). Tshee cov ntaub so ntswg hau impulses los ntawm lub paj hlwb. Ib txhia hlwb muaj peev xwm thiab muaj me tub, ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm kom tsim dua tshiab.

Connective cov ntaub so ntswg yog ib lub cev nrog ib puag ncig. Nws yog txawv nyob rau hauv cov qauv, qauv thiab zog. Nws muaj zog kom cov pob txha ntawm lub cev pob txha, subcutaneous rog, kua, ntshav thiab lymph. Yuav kom nws kuj siv tau cov pob txha mos. Nws muaj nuj nqi - txoj kev, kev luv nqi, txij nkawm thiab kev pab txhawb nqa. Lawv tag nrho cov ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm thiab yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv ib tug complex system ntawm lub cev.

Pob txha mos cov ntaub so ntswg: qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi

Nws cov yam ntxwv feature - tus looseness nyob rau hauv lub arrangement ntawm lub hlwb. Kho lawv ib lub zuj zus, koj yuav pom li cas lawv kom meej meej cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nras nruab nrab ntawm lawv stands lub intercellular tshuaj - lub matrix. Thiab nyob rau hauv hom sib txawv ntawm cartilages nws yog tsim dua tus thawj xib fwb amorphous tshuaj sib txawv fibers (elastic thiab collagen). Txawm tias lawv muab ib qho keeb kwm ntawm lub protein, tiam sis txawv nyob rau hauv lawv lub zog thiab nyob rau ntawd ua txawv zog.

Tag nrho cov pob txha ntawm lub cev tsim ntawm cov pob txha mos. Tab sis, nrog kom lawv intercellular tshuaj muaju sau ntsev (mas calcium). Raws li ib tug tshwm sim mas yuav kis tau tus pob txha muaj zog thiab ua ib feem ntawm lub cev pob txha. Pob txha mos kuj ua kev pab txhawb nqa zog. Nyob rau hauv lub txha nqaj qaum, ua nruab nrab feem, lawv perceive qhov load (zoo li qub thiab dynamic). Pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, lub raj cua, bronchi - nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub plays ntau formative lub luag hauj lwm.

Kev loj hlob thiab pob txha mos noj haus yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub perichondrium. Nws yog ib tug yuav tsum yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub, lwm yam tshaj li cov pob qij txha. Lawv yog cov tam sim no nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuaj ntxuav hniav, lub synovial cov kua. Nws kom, lubricates thiab nourishes lawv, tshem tawm metabolic khoom.

qauv

Tus me pob txha mos hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm division, thiab ntau ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv, sau nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov protein ntau substance. Vim hais tias ntawm tej nta ntawm lub lwm dab feem ntau yog precisely ntau nyob rau hauv lub matrix.

Nws muaj ob hom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb: hodnrotsity (paub tab) thiab chondroblasts (tub ntxhais hluas). Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv loj, qhov chaw thiab txoj kev kho. Chondrocytes muaj ib tug sib npaug zoo, thiab lawv yog loj. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv officers los yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm cov mus txog rau 10 hlwb. Chondroblasts thiab yog feem ntau me me nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub periphery los yog singly.

Nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv ib tug plhaub accumulates dej, muaj inclusions ntawm glycogen. Pa thiab as-ham rau nkag mus rau lub hlwb diffusely. Muaj los lub synthesis ntawm collagen thiab elastin. Lawv yog cov tsim nyog rau cov tsim ntawm intercellular substance. Los ntawm nws tseem nyob ntawm hom nws yog pob txha mos. Nta ntawm cov qauv thiab cov laryngeal muaj nuj nqi yog txawv los ntawm lub intervertebral disc, xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm collagen. Lub pob ntseg, nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg pob txha mos extracellular matrix yog muaj li ntawm 30% ntawm elastin.

hom

Raws li cov pob txha mos yog txwv kom muab zais? Nws muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv lub predominance nyob rau hauv lub matrix ntawm tej fibers. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub intercellular tshuaj ntau tshaj elastin, lub pob txha mos yog ntau pliable. Nws yog yuav luag raws li muaj zog, tab sis cov bundles ntawm fibers nyob rau hauv nws thinner. Lawv zoo mas cov load tsis tau tsuas yog rau compression tab sis kuj rau nro, muaj peev xwm ntawm deformation tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tshwm. Cov cartilages yog hu ua elastic. Lawv cov ntaub so ntswg daim ntawv caj pas, pob ntseg, qhov ntswg.

Yog hais tias lub matrix nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hlwb nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm collagen complex qauv constructing polypeptide chains, hu li ntawd hyaline pob txha mos. Nws feem ntau yog siv lub puab chaw ntawm cov pob qij txha. Qhov loj tshaj npaum li cas ntawm collagen yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv tus nto tsam. Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub cev. Lub fiber bundles therein structurally zoo li peb-dimensional entangled network kauv zoo lawm.

Yog lwm pab pawg neeg: fibrous, los yog fibrous cov pob txha mos. Lawv yog cov hyaline thiab muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm intercellular tshuaj ntawm collagen, tab sis muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cov qauv. Bundles ntawm fibers tsis muaj ib tug complex web thiab nyob raws lub axis ntawm cov loj tshaj loads. Lawv yog cov thicker, muaj ib tug compressive zog, cov neeg pluag rov qab los thaum lim. Los ntawm no ntaub tsim intervertebral discs, muab lub txog leeg sib koom tes ntawm cov pob txha.

zog

Tsaug rau tshwj xeeb biomechanical thaj chaw ntawm cov pob txha mos cov ntaub so ntswg yog zoo tagnrho rau cov thwj toob Cheebtsam ntawm lub licas. Nws yog tau noj cov nyhuv tensile thiab compression rog thaum lub sij hawm lub zog, uniformly redistribute lub load rau ib co raws li nqus los yog dissipate.

Pob txha mos daim ntawv puas resistant nto. Nyob rau hauv nrog cov synovial cov kua xws pob qij txha nrog load muaj peev xwm rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yuav zoo ua nws lub zog.

Tendons - nws tsis yog pob txha mos. Lawv kuj muaj nuj nqi yog khi rau tag nrho cov system ntawm lub licas system. Lawv kuj muaj xws li bundles ntawm collagen fibers, tab sis lawv cov qauv thiab lwm yam keeb kwm. Cov pob txha mos ntawm lub qhov ntswg, ua pa ib ntsuj av tau, pob ntseg tsuas yog hais tias ua tau shaping thiab txhawb kev khiav dej num yog ib tug qhov chaw ntawm nqaij mos Symptoms. Tab sis tsis zoo li cov nqaij tendons ze rau lawv tsis muaj xws li ib tug load.

khoom tshwj xeeb

Lub elastic cov pob txha mos yog heev me me hlab ntsha. Qhov no yog to taub, vim hais tias cov muaj zog dynamic load yog tau puas rau lawv. Raws li cov txau pob txha mos connective cov ntaub so ntswg? Cov zog yog lam xav los ntawm lub intercellular substance. Lub hyaline pob txha mos yog tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha. Lawv tsis sib haum xeeb chaw zoo nkauj tawv thiab tuab. Noj mov lawv nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lub synovial cov kua.

Cov dej tsiv dawb do matrix. Nws muaj tag nrho cov tsim nyog tshuaj rau metabolism. Proteoglycan nyob rau hauv cov pob txha mos Cheebtsam tob khi dej. Nws yog zoo li ib tug incompressible tshuaj muab rigidity thiab ntxiv cushioning. Nrog loads ntawm dej assumes nyhuv kis thoob plaws lub intercellular qhov chaw thiab ntseeg nkaws tshem tawm nro, tiv thaiv irreversible deformations tseem ceeb heev.

txoj kev loj hlob

Lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg laus mus rau 2% ntawm tus luj ntog rau hauv cov pob txha mos. Qhov uas nws yog feeb meej thiab uas zog yog nqa tawm? Pob txha mos thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub embryonic lub sij hawm yog tsis txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub embryos uas tsis muaj cov pob txha. Lawv tsim los ntawm cov pob txha mos cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tsim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm yug. Tab sis ib feem ntawm nws thiab tsis ossified. Los ntawm no tsim pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, caj pas, bronchial hlab. Nws tseem yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha ntawm lub caj npab thiab txhais ceg, cov pob qij txha ntawm lub pubic pob txha, intervertebral discs, meniscus hauv caug.

pob txha mos txoj kev loj hlob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv. Thawj mesenchymal hlwb yog noo nrog dej, npawv, poob dab thiab pib ua tej khoom rau cov matrix. Tom qab qhov no yog lawv ntau yam zoo rau chondrocytes thiab chondroblasts. Tus thawj yog nruj nreem surrounded los ntawm intercellular substance. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, lawv muaj peev xwm muab ib tug tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov sij hawm. Tom qab cov dab ntaub ntawv isogenic pab pawg neeg. Lub hlwb seem rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ua chondroblasts. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov hauv matrix khoom tshwm sim zaum kawg ntau yam zoo, tsim qauv nrog ib cov kev faib mus rau hauv ib tug nyias ntug thiab ib lub hauv paus ntaub.

muaj hnub nyoog txog kev hloov

Pob txha mos muaj nuj nqi ntawm tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub neej hloov. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm koj yuav pom cov cim ntawm cov laus: tsis muaj zog rau cov nqaij ntshiv thiab tendons ntawm cov pob qij txha, yooj ploj, muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev mob rau cov huab cua los yog thaum ib tug txawv txawv load. Qhov no tus txheej txheem no xam tau tias yog ib tug muaj sia cai. Los ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 30-40 xyoo, cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav hloov mus rau ib tug ntau dua los yog tsawg raws li, yog twb pib mus ua tsis xis nyob. Cov laus ntawm tus articular pob txha mos cov ntaub so ntswg yog vim txoj kev poob ntawm nws elasticity. Poob lawm elasticity fibers. Cov ntaub dries, loosens.

Nyob rau ib tug du nto tej kab nrib pleb tshwm sim, nws yuav ntxhib. Smoothness thiab yooj yim ntawm zawv zawg yog tsis tau. Puas npoo loj hlob, lawv tsim deposits nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tsim osteophytes. Elastic cov pob txha mos loj hlob laus nrog tsub zuj zuj ntawm intracellular calcium nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem, tab sis lawv cov nta (qhov ntswg, pob ntseg) yog yuav luag tsis reflected.

Tsis hnov muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov pob txha mos thiab pob txha

Thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas muaj peev xwm no tshwm sim? Yuav kom ib tug loj raws li nws yog nyob ntawm seb cov kev ua ntawm cov pob txha mos. Lub intervertebral discs, qhov yooj yim muaj nuj nqi uas yog stabilized thiab them nyiaj yug, feem ntau malfunction tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm dystrophic los yog degenerative dab. Qhov teeb meem no yuav ua tau kom ib tug ua haujlwm hais tias, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua rau compression ntawm surrounding cov ntaub so ntswg. Inevitable edema, pinched qab haus huv, cia li muab cov hlab ntsha.

Yuav kom restore stability, lub cev nws yuav kam nrog qhov teeb meem. Lub vertebra nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm deformation "tom" rau qhov teeb meem no, hlob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thawj bony outgrowths (whiskers). Nws kuj tsis muaj txiaj ntsim tus lwm tus cov ntaub so ntswg: ib zaug dua o, pinching, compression. Qhov teeb meem no yog txoj. Malfunctions osteochondral ntaus ntawv hu ua osteochondrosis.

Ntev txwv ntawm lub zog (plaster rau kev raug mob) kuj muaj ib tug tsis ntxim rau cov pob txha mos. Yog hais tias ntev li loads dua tshiab elastic fibers nyob rau hauv lub ntxhib fibrous bundles, ces tsis muaj lawm noj feem ntau uas tsis muaj kev ua si pob txha mos. Synovial kua yog tov phem, chondrocytes tsis tau txaus as-ham, raws li ib tug tshwm sim tsis tau tsim tus tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm collagen thiab elastin mus rau lub matrix.

Qhov xaus yog tseeb: rau tej kev sib koom pob txha mos yuav tsum tau txais txaus load nro thiab compression. Los xyuas kom meej qhov no, koj yuav tsum coj ib tug noj qab nyob zoo thiab nquag txoj kev ua neej.