Qhov xwm ntawm magnetism thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Ampere lub hypothesis txog qhov xwm ntawm magnetism

Tshaj yav dhau los 50 xyoo, tag nrho cov ceg ntawm science tau tshaj nrawm rau pem hauv ntej. Tab sis vim nws tau nyeem ib tug ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine txog qhov xwm ntawm magnetism thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, peb yuav xaus uas tus neeg muaj ntau heev tshaj dua cov lus nug dua ua ntej.

Qhov xwm ntawm magnetism thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus

Tag nrho cov tshwm tag thiab paub tseeb hais tias cov khoom pov mus plummeting mus rau hauv av. Yuav ua li cas attracts lawv? Nws yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg rau xav hais tias lawv yog attracted los ntawm ib co tsis paub hais tias rog. Cov tib rog raug hu ua - tej yam ntuj tso lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Tom qab txhua tus xav ntsib nrog ib tug ntau ntawm controversy, speculation, kwv yees thiab cov lus nug. Yuav ua li cas yog qhov ntawm magnetism? Yuav ua li cas yog gravitational tsis? Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tej yam lawv raug tsim? Nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov xwm thiab zaus? Yuav ua li cas lawv kev cuam tshuam rau cov ib puag ncig thiab nyob rau txhua tus neeg nyias? Yuav ua li cas zoo rau koj muaj peev xwm siv tau qhov no tshwm sim rau cov kev pab ntawm kev vam meej?

Lub tswvyim ntawm magnetism

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thib kaum cuaj xyoo pua physicist Hans Christian Oersted sab magnetic teb ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau xav hais tias cov xwm ntawm magnetism yog zoo txuas nrog lub fais tam sim no, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm uas twb muaj lawm atoms. Cov lus nug tshwm sim, dab tsi yuav tau piav los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm terrestrial magnetism?

Niaj hnub no pom tias magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub magnetized khoom xeeb lom zem ntau electrons uas tsis tu ncua ua rau koj lem ib ncig ntawm nws axis thiab ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus ntawm cov atom tam sim no.

Nws tau ntev tau tsim muaj uas cov erratic zog ntawm electrons yog ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no qhov tiag tiag thiab nws cov zaj ua nucleation magnetic teb. Yuav kom qhia txog qhov no seem, peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias cov electrons vim lawv lub zog nyob rau hauv lub chaotic atoms intra tsim currents uas, nyob rau hauv lem, txhawb lub nucleation ntawm lub magnetic teb.

Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hais tias sib txawv teeb meem magnetic teb muaj ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm nws tus kheej, raws li zoo raws li qhov sib txawv zog ntawm cov magnetization? Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub axis ntawm orbital zog thiab ywj siab electrons nyob rau hauv atoms yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam txaus qhia txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov haujlwm thiab mus rau electrons generated magnetic teb.

Yog li, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab uas originates lub magnetic teb feem xyuam rau nws ncaj qha, los yog txawj weakening teb nws tus kheej.

диамагнитные , а материалы, весьма слабо усиливающие магнитное поле, именуются парамагнитными . Ntaub ntawv, lub magnetic teb uas tsis muaj zog txog cov uas ua teb yog hu ua diamagnetic, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog heev weakly txhawb lub magnetic teb, hu ua paramagnetic.

Sib Nqus yam ntxwv ntawm yam

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov xwm ntawm magnetism tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog vim ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no, tab sis los ntawm tas mus li hlau nplaum.

Mus tas li hlau nplaum tej zaum yuav ua los ntawm me me ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias tag nrho cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm lub magnetic teb rau magnetize thiab ua tam sim ntawd los ntawm lub magnetic teb. Tom qab Ntsuam xyuas cov saum toj no, nws puas tsim nyog ntxiv hais tias lub magnetic induction vector nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib yam khoom uas txawv los ntawm cov magnetic induction vector lub tshuab nqus tsev.

Ampere lub hypothesis txog qhov xwm ntawm magnetism

Lub causal kev sib raug zoo, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas kev twb kev txuas yog tsim los pab nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub cev muaj magnetic nta twb qhib mas Fabkis tus paub txog André-Mari Amperom. Tab sis dab tsi yog qhov Ampere hypothesis txog qhov xwm ntawm magnetism?

Keeb kwm muab nws pib ua tsaug rau tus muaj zog impressions ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Nws ua tim khawv pom cov kev tshawb fawb Oersted Lmiera uas ua siab loj pom tias qhov ua rau ntawm lub ntiaj teb magnetism yog currents uas tsis tu ncua tau qhov chaw hauv lub ntiaj teb. yuav tsum muaj thiab feem ntau tseem ceeb pab tau ua: tus magnetic nta ntawm lub cev yuav tsum tau piav qhia los ntawm tas mus li ncig ntawm ntxhee nyob rau hauv lawv. Tom qab Ampere npaj raws li nram no xaus: magnetic yam ntxwv ntawm tej uas twb muaj lawm lub cev txhais kaw Circuit Court hluav taws xob currents ntws nyob rau hauv lawv. открытия, объяснив магнитные особенности тел. Statement physics yog ib tug bold thiab siab tawv ua, vim hais tias nws hla tag nrho cov yav tas los discoveries piav cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub magnetic lub cev.

Zog ntawm electrons thiab hluav taws xob tam sim no

Ampere hypothesis hais tias txhua atom nyob rau hauv lub molecule, thiab muaj tshwm sim ib lub tsev xwb thiab ib tug circulating hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias niaj hnub no peb twb paub tias cov tib currents yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub chaotic thiab tas mus li lub zog ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv atoms. Yog hais tias lub dav hlau yog across muab teev txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam vim thermal suab ntawm lub lwg me me, lawv muaj dab thiab tsis muaj kiag li offsetting magnetic nta tsis muaj. Ib tug magnetized khoom, pawg currents yog raws kev coj kom xyuas kom meej tias lawv ua slazhivalis.

Cov hypothesis ntawm Ampere tau piav yog vim li cas magnetic sub thiab ntas nrog ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb coj identically rau txhua lwm yam. Xub, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum muab xav raws li ib tug txheej ntawm me me loops nrog currents uas yog qhia identically.

Ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg ntawm paramagnetic ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lub magnetic teb no yog zoo heev kho kom zoo, hu ua ferromagnetic. Yuav kom qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog hlau, npib tsib xee, cobalt thiab gadolinium (thiab lawv cov alloys).

Tab sis yuav ua li cas los mus piav qhia qhov xwm ntawm tus magnetism ntawm mus tas li cov hlau nplaum? Sib Nqus teb tsim ferromagnetic tsis heev dua lwm yam tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog ntawm electrons, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lawv tus kheej chaotic tsab ntawv tsa suab.

Lub angular momentum (angular momentum ntawm nws tus kheej) lawm mas yuav kis lub npe - kiv. Electrons thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm rotating nyob ib ncig ntawm nws axis thiab muaj ib tug xwb originating ib tug sib nqus teb nrog teb tsim vim lawv orbital zog txog cov nuclei.

Mariya Kyuri kub

температура Кюри. Qhov kub saum toj no uas ib tug ferromagnetic khoom loses-magnetization tau txais nws cov lus lub npe - Curie kub. Tom qab tag nrho, lub Fabkis tus paub txog nrog tus muab lub npe ua no foundations. Nws tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias yog ho rhuab magnetized kwv, ces nws yuav poob rau lub sij hawm mus nyiam cov khoom ua los ntawm hlau.

Ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov kev siv

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov ferromagnetic lub cev tsis muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lawv magnetic yam ntxwv yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg siv tswv yim thiab tus nqi. A kauj tub ntxhais ua los ntawm hlau los yog hlau, zoo heev tej lub magnetic teb, thaum tsis tau siab tshaj tam sim no txaus nyob rau hauv lub kauj. Qhov no tshwm sim ho yuav pab tau koj txuag evnawsntsis thiab. Cores yog ua nkaus ntawm ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws tsis muaj nqi rau dab tsi lub hom phiaj yuav no nthuav dav.

Sib Nqus txoj kev teev ntaub ntawv

Siv ferromagnetic ntaub ntawv ua sab saum toj-hauv chav kawm ntawv daim kab xev thiab tej yam me me sib nqus zaj duab xis. Sib Nqus tapes yog lug siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub suab thiab video.

Sib Nqus daim kab xev yog ib lub hnab yas puag, muaj raws ntawm polirhlorvinila los yog lwm yam. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws ib txheej, uas yog ib tug sib nqus xim, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm heev me me koob zoo li tus hais ntawm hlau los yog lwm yam ferromagnetic khoom.

rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj txheej txheem yog ua rau daim kab xev vim lub electromagnets, lub magnetic teb uas undergoes hloov nyob rau hauv atherosclerosis suab vim deeg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, rau daim kab xev ib ncig ntawm lub magnetic lub taub hau, txhua feem ntawm zaj duab xis raug magnetization.

Qhov xwm ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab nws cov ntsiab lus

Nws yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab sau tseg tias lub ntiajteb txawj nqus quab yuam thiab nws muab ntim rau hauv kev cai lij choj ntawm universal gravitation, uas hais tias: ob cov ntaub ntawv uas cov ntsiab lus nyiam txhua lwm yam nrog rau ib tug quab yuam ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau square ntawm qhov kev ncua deb nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Niaj hnub nimno science tau los ua ib tug me ntsis txawv xav txog lub tswvyim ntawm gravitational quab yuam thiab piav txog nws raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub gravitational teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb nws tus kheej, lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov uas yog tseem, hmoov tsis zaum, tau raug tsim muaj.

Ntsiab lus tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb nco ntsoov hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb yog zoo interconnected, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab magnetism tsis. Tom qab tag nrho, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus muaj feem magnetism, cia li tsis mus rau ib tug twg zoo kawg thiab. Nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, tus kwv yuav tsis tau muab cais los ntawm cov xwm - yog lawm magnetism thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav zoo heev complicate lub neej ntawm kev vam meej. Nws yog tsim nyog los sau cov kev pab cuam ntawm scientific discoveries ntawm kuj zoo kawg kws tshawb fawb thiab siv zog rau kev sib tw tshiab, tab sis siv tag nrho cov kev muaj tiag yuav tsum rationally tsis xyuas qhov thiab tib neeg.