Saint Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev - Ukraine tus kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam

Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm Kiev tau hais tseem ceeb kev siv ntawm Kievan Rus - St. Sophia Cathedral, tsis muaj zem nws tau txais mus rau hauv lub UNESCO daim ntawv teev. Qhov no yog ib tug tiag tiag nthuav thiab cim tuam tsev, ib daim ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Ukrainian neeg. Xyoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog tsis paub hais tias: ib co kev soj ntsuam muaj inclined xav tias nws twb tsim Yaroslav Mudry, thaum lwm tus neeg hais tias kev tsim kho pib nyob rau hauv tub huabtais Vladimir. Txawm nws yog, tiam sis, txawm nws muaj hnub nyoog, yuav luag 1,000 xyoos, lub tuam tsev dostoyal rau tam sim no hnub.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias St. Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev ua tau txog lub tib lub sij hawm nrog lub Hagia Sophia ntawm Constantinople. Ukrainian lub tsev teev ntuj ua tau zoo li ib tug lub tsev teev ntuj Our Lady Oranta uas yog nyob rau hauv Constantinople. Cov kev siv ntawm St. Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kyiv twb timed kov yeej lub Pechenegs ntawm Kiev, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib tug decisive sib ntaus sib tua thiab tsa ib lub tuam tsev. Nws architecture yog reminiscent ntawm cov Byzantine style, tsuas yog rau ib txhia nuances, li ntawd nws yog lam xav hais tias rau nws siv tau caw craftsmen los ntawm Constantinople.

Saint Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev, tsis muaj ib zaug yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm txoj kev tuag. Rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev twb rov los Andrew Bogolyubskii nyob rau hauv 1169, ces lub tsev teev ntuj yuav luag hlawv mus rau hauv av thaum lub sij hawm ib tug tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1180. Horde ntawm Batu Khan nyob rau hauv 1240 kuj muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau lub xeev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, muaj ntau relics thaum lub sij hawm nws twb muaj neeg nyiag los yog puas lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua St. Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev tau robbed los ntawm cov Crimean Tatars. Tom qab ntawd tuaj ib lub sij hawm ntawm poob. Lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj coj li Ivan Mazepa nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo.

Lub sab hauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog tseem qab thiab suab tsis tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsoo vaj tse thiab lub sij hawm. Cov phab ntsa tseem fwm ntau frescoes, mosaics thiab graffiti. Muaj yog ib tug painting los ntawm lwm Byzantine ntxias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XI, uas yog, thaum lub sij thiab lub tuam tsev ua tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-fwm mosaic ua hauj lwm, lawv palette yog nplua nuj heev thiab muaj xws li mus rau 170 xim. Cov frescoes dim, tsis yog txhua txhua, thiab ntau yam ntawm lawv muaj tau tshiab nyob rau hauv lub XVII caug xyoo. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua tau ntxuav mus rau tus thawj daim ntawv thiab them nrog roj rau saum tus puas xeeb tub painting masters inflicted.

Saint Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev kuj los ua qhov chaw nyob qhov twg qhov seem ntawm tus princes ntawm Kievan Rus. Nws pom muaj nyob rau sarcophagus Yaroslava Mudrogo, nws tus tub Vsevolod, thiab cov xeeb ntxwv - Vladimir Monomakh thiab Rostislav Vsevolodovich. Lub tsev teev ntuj cia relics xws li "Cap ntawm Monomakh", uas Vladimir muab lub Byzantine huab tais, raws li zoo raws li ib tug crucifix, coj los ntawm Constantinople, huab tais Olga.

Nrog lub advent ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua St. Sophia Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kiev twb raug teeb meem nrog kev puas tsuaj. Txawm muaj coob monuments ntawm Christian kab lis kev cai tau tsuas rhuav, tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj tau sawv rau Fabkis, tom qab tus poj niam ntawm King Henry kuv, Anna yog tus ntxhais ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo, tus tsim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nyob rau hauv 1934 nws tau txiav txim siab los ua ib tug tsev cia puav pheej-cia ntawm no.

Sophia Cathedral thiab hnub no yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej, rau qhov no yog vim li cas, nws tsis yog tej kev cai dab qhuas lub koom haum nws yog. Txojkev Pe Hawm yog ua tau tsuas yog ib xyoos ib zaug - nyob rau hnub ntawm ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine, Lub yim hli ntuj 24, ces sau ua ke sawv cev ntawm tej koom txoos no thov Vajtswv rau cov welfare ntawm lub teb chaws.