Serapion kwv tij: keeb kwm thiab cov duab

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj thiab Lub ob hlis ntuj revolutions uas tau deployed ib tug lossis loj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab, lub ceev ceev flowering ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov modernism nyob rau hauv kos duab pib nyob rau hauv Russia. Literary pab pawg neeg "Serapion kwv tij" yog short-lived, txawm li cas los, tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tus kheej lub neej ntawm txhua tus ntawm nws cov tswv cuab. Lub stigma ntawm "Serapion" tseem nrog lawv txog rau thaum xaus ntawm hnub. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1920 los nws yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo txawj koom haum ua teb, los ntawm nws Cov Qib tau tej writers li Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. Blushing rau lub qab ntug, tus tub hluas Soviet prose thiab sai sai hlawv, "Serapion kwv tij" twb tsis mus ci ntsa iab txoj kev tshiab ntawm ntau ntau lwm yam neeg sau ntawv.

prehistory

Nyob rau hauv 1919, thaum lub publishing tsev "World Literature" yog tsim Literary txhais lus Studio. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, ib tug lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov hluas uas tau tuaj kawm no kos duab, tau pib dua. Tham txog cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev txawj ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv thiab cov essence of art yog lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm los ua ke. Tsis ntev, lawv yuav hloov mus rau hauv phau ntawv sau studio. Lub initiator ntawm nws lub koom haum yog Nikolai Gumilyov, thiab cov kev tswj coj tshaj Chukovski. Andrey Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Shklovsky twb tau soj xyuas ntawm cov rooj sib tham seminars thiab lectures. Shirilos tooj ntawm cov thwjtim, thiab los ntawm 1920 yog 350 cov neeg. Sau ntawv, uas yog zoo nyob rau hauv lub studio, sib cais thiab tsim cov pab pawg neeg "Serapion kwv tij". Cov mej zeej ntawm no lub koom haum hais tias lawv tsis yog ib tug txawj kawm ntawv, tiam sis tsuas yog lub zej lub zos ntawm critics, sau ntawv thiab paj huam, txuas los ntawm ntau views on cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kos duab.

Poetics npe txawj lub koom haum

Yog hais tias nws tsis yog ib phau ntawv ntawm cov dabneeg luv luv "Serapion kwv tij" (Hoffmann), uas rau ib ntev lub sij hawm dag rau hauv publisher lub rooj, lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws no, ntawm cov tub ntxhais sau ntawv tej zaum yuav txawv. Txawm li cas los, nws muab tau nyob rau hauv tune nrog lub ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv Hoffmann muaj 22 zaj dabneeg, qhia zaj dab neeg txog ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm cov phooj ywg lub rooj sib tham tom qab ib tug ntev sib cais. Ib tug ntawm lawv qhia ntawm nws encounter nrog tus chim Count, uas ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub illusory xwm ntawm kev muaj tiag. Tsis kam ntawm kev muaj tiag, tu free creativity lub ntiaj teb no uas ua tau lub tswv yim yooj yim ntawm no ua hauj lwm, nws yog ib lub zoo tshaj plaws tsiag lub dee ntawm cov tub ntxhais sau ntawv.

Leej twg yog cov sau ntawv? "Serapion kwv tij": daim ntawv teev cov neeg koom

Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab nws creation, txais tos nyob rau hauv cov zajlus pab pawg neeg ntawm cov mej zeej tshiab ceased. Tus thawj - thiab lub xeem daim ntawv teev cov neeg uas tau raug ib txhis nyob rau hauv cov duab nyob rau hauv 1921. Nws kaw Lev Luntz, Nikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, Ilya Gruzdev, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Kwv yees li nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim uas lawv tau raug coj mus rau cov pab pawg neeg. Ib txhia soj ntsuam no yog cov neeg koom thiab Viktora Shklovskogo, txawm tias nws suav hais tias nws ua hauj lwm sab nraum lub ciaj ciam ntawm tej koom haum ua teb.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub rooj sib tham Serapions

Literary pab pawg neeg "Serapion kwv tij" qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov rooj sib tham xaiv ib chav tsev Slonimsky. Nws daim duab txawm los ua ib lub cim ntawm cov pab pawg neeg. Literary critics pom zoo hais tias lub rooj sib ntsib muab qhov chaw nyob rau hnub Saturday, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag los ntawm UFW yuav sib ntsib thiab lwm hnub ntawm lub lim tiam. Thaum lub rooj sib tham, peb nyeem hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov mej zeej ntawm lub pab pawg neeg, uas yog ces los sib tham nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav thiab exacting. Sau ntawv sib cav txog art, xav tias txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Koj muaj peev xwm twv tau hais tias tus kev sib tham twb rhuab thiab lub siab lub ntsws.

tawm almanac

Lub tsuas sib koom sau Serapions tso nyob rau hauv 1922. Nws twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv Berlin, supplemented los ntawm tsab xov xwm I. Gruzdev "lub ntsej muag thiab lub npog qhov ncauj." Txawm tias ua ntej qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub anthology ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm "Serapion kwv tij" twb zoo paub nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau voj voog. Ntawm lawv admirers ntshai Gorky, uas yog tshwm los ntawm nws xov xwm nrog Shklovsky. Nws yog keenly xav nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom tshiab, thiab muab lawv heev tias.

Nws twb ntau npaum li cas tus me nyuam khi Tynyanov. Nyob rau hauv nws tsab xov xwm "Serapion cov kwv tij. Almanac kuv »nws piav txog tus sau raws li ib tug thawj kauj ruam unsteadily, qhov muaj yog tsis heev lawm cov dab neeg (thiab tsis yeej ib txwm ua ib tug zoo dua txoj hauj lwm). Tog ntawm "zoo nkauj clarity" M. Kuzmin zoo rau nws disapprovingly teb hais txog qhov no anthology, sau ntawv dab neeg uas Serapions 1920 yog twb outdated nyob rau hauv 1922.

nicknames cov kwv tij

Chiv, lub rooj sib tham "Serapion kwv tij" ntseeg zoo li lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub "Society ntawm lub Arzamas tsis paub hais tias cov neeg", uniting sau ntawv Pushkin lub voj voog. Los yeej muaj, lub tswv yim humorous nicknames tau lawm coj, cov uas tau rau sau ntawv rau ib tug lub neej. Ib txhia ntawm lawv hais Vladimir Posner nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv mus A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev yog nicknamed "Tij Laug Abbot," Nikitin - "tus kwv tij canonarch" LA Luntz - "tus kwv tij minstrel", B. Posner - "tus kwv yau", Shklovsky - "tus kwv tij-kicker." Tsis muaj nicknames twb Zamyatin, Zoshchenko thiab N. Chukovsky. lub rooj sib tham feem ntau tuaj Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv kuj tau koom nyob rau hauv kev sib tham thiab sib cav tswv yim, tab sis yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj kuj yog "lub koom haum serapionovskih ntxhais", uas muaj M. Alonkina, LI Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (tom qab tus poj niam Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (tom qab tus poj niam Slonim).

Lev Luntz thiab "Serapion kwv tij"

Cov tub hluas ntxhais 20-xyoo-laus Lev Luntz tau ua tus unofficial thawj coj ntawm cov pab pawg neeg. Ntse, yeej ib txwm nyob, incredibly txawj ntse - nyob rau hauv thawj lub rooj sib tham Serapions yog nws "sov li" lawv lug txhawb cov miv. Luntz ua neej nyob tau 23 xyoo, tab sis tswj kom tawm nws cov cim nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm sau ntawv. Zaj lus txog tus neeg tuag Lunts sau Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. Nws twb hu ua "me nyuam tub faun" splashing tshaj lub ntug zog ntawm no txiv leej tub sau tag nrho cov rooj sib tham ntawm ib pab pawg neeg hu ua "Serapion kwv tij". Literary Association raug xaiv nws ib tug thought thawj coj. Tus tub hluas txawm xav muab ib muab tso ua ke, txawm li cas los, tsis muaj lub sij hawm kom ua li no.

Los ntawm kawg ntawm 20-ies ntawm creativity Lunz tau txais ib qho indelible stigma raws li ib tug heev anti-Soviet thiab reactionary, thiab ntau tshaj ntawm nws twb tsis tsum luam tawm. Yog vim li cas rau tej cwj pwm kev yuav tsum to taub tias nyeem nrog tsab xov xwm Lunz "Yog vim li cas" Serapion kwv tij ", uas los ua ib tug manifesto ntawm cov pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm creativity, lub neej tsis muaj kev cai li choj thiab cov kev cai.

Txoj hmoo ntawm lub union

Rau lub Soviet tsoom fwv rau ib tug neeg sab nraud pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv yog heev undesirable. Nyob rau xyoo 1922, nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal "Literary Sau ntawv" yog ntawv sau Serapions. Tom qab no, tag nrho cov phiaj los nqis tes rau lub sib cais ntawm sau ntawv mus los ntawm Lunacharsky thiab Trotsky sawv. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm twb teem tseeb: tus thawj cov pab pawg neeg. Cov neeg uas pom zoo muab kev koom tes nrog cov tub ceev xwm, nws twb tau cog lus hais tias lawv tej hauj lwm yuav tsum sau. Rau Soviet txawj sau ntawv yog ib tug twb tau zoo zoo. Ib txhia ntawm Serapions nkag mus hauv lub guild "Circle", uas tau muaj rau cov nyiaj ua si.

Maj mam lub koom txoos los ua ntau thiab ntau tsis tshua muaj. Teb, cov pab pawg neeg disbanded yog tsis tus phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws cov tswv cuab tswj thoob plaws lub neej. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau lub hnub tseem ceeb yav tsaus ntuj Zoscheko tsis tuaj nyob rau hauv 1926. Kom txog rau thaum 1929, lub koom haum "Serapion kwv tij" tseem smoldering nyob rau hauv cov zajlus voj voog. Nrog lub advent ntawm lub Union ntawm Writers ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm tej neeg sab nraud lub koom haum tau, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tau ua tsis yooj yim sua.

Txawm tias nws luv luv keeb kwm, cov pab pawg neeg "Serapion kwv tij" muaj zoo tseem ceeb rau Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm XX caug xyoo. Los ntawm nws cheeb tsam tshuav ib tug xov tooj ntawm kuj zoo kawg sau ntawv, thiab yuav ua li cas nws tshuav nws cov cim evidenced los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv 1946 nws cov tswv cuab raug dua hais nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Zhdanov cai. Yog li ntawd, tau ntau xyoo tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Penal caj npab tau txais unruly sau ntawv, ntaus cov Zoshchenko, Tikhonov thiab Slonimsky tooj ntawm prohibitive txim.