Sezar Frank: biography, cov duab thiab nthuav tseeb

Txawv tshaj plaw, txawv txawv, yus tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab lub ntiaj teb no lub suab paj nruag - Sezar Frank. Romain Rolland muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm nws hero, Jean-Christophe lus ntawm admiration rau tus txiv neej. Nws ntseeg hais tias Frank yog saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, dawb huv los ntawm cov suab paj nruag, uas tau muab nws lub sij hawm thiab lub hwj chim mus nqa los ntawm lub neej, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub kev txom nyuaj siab thiab saib tsis taus los ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm, cov clarity ntawm tus neeg mob thiab txaj muag ntsuj plig. Thiab yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg luag thiab humble uas zoo teeb lit nws ua hauj lwm.

thaum yau

Sezar Frank tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub German-Belgian tsev neeg nyob rau hauv 1822, nyob rau 10 Hlis ntuj nqeg. Cov txiv rau yav tom ntej composer tau koom rau cov ancient tsev neeg ntawm Flemish painters ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas nws sai sai pom tus exceptional txuj ci ntawm nws tus tub. Tab sis prevailed nyob rau hauv nws cim resourceful financier sim hawm caij nyoog rau nws tus txiv ua hauj lwm ib tug me me khoom plig Frank rau ib tug zoo cov nyiaj tau.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm yim Cesar nkag mus rau hauv conservatory ntawm lub nroog ntawm Liege, uas nyob rau hauv piano thiab pob ntseg kev kawm hauv chav kawm ntawv kawm tiav nrog rau honors nyob rau hauv cia li plaub lub xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 1835, lub neej yav tom ntej lawm cov organist ntawm tus naas ej xib fwb ntawm kev sib raug zoo Dassuanya music.

Leej Txiv, ntaus los ntawm lub zoo heev tau ntawm nws tus tub, muab nyob rau hauv 1835 mus rau nws ib ob peb concerts nyob rau hauv Aachen (nws niam lub nroog), Liege thiab Brussels.

Paris. Tus thawj zoo

Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1835 tus tsev neeg tsiv tsev mus rau lub Fabkis capital. Ntawm no yog cov hluas tshuab raj tom qab ob xyoos ntawm private qhia ntawm tus naas ej xibfwb A. Reicha nkag mus rau hauv Conservatory (1837). Thiab tsis muaj ib tug pej xeem ntawm lub koom pheej Fabkis, Cesar twb cuv npe kawm raws li ib qho kev zam, tab sis lub Ferenc Liszt rau tib yog vim li cas ib tug ob peb xyoos ua ntej lawm thiab twb tsis tau lees txais.

Pib nrog lub 1838 Sezar Frank txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau ntawm kev kawm tiav kev ntsuam xyuas rau nruab nrog cev kev kawm ntawv, piano, counterpoint thiab tau txais qhov puav pheej. Ntawm kev sib tw rau lub Rome nqi zog tshuab raj nws tsis kam thiab yuam cov txiv rov qab mus rau Belgium, qhov twg rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm muab concerts li ib tug organist virtuoso, tsis tshua raws li ib tug pianist.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj cov thawj cov suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm ntawm Cesar. Nyob rau hauv 1943 - Piano Trio thiab tom qab ntawd sketches rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub oratorio "Luv ua poj niam".

watershed xyoo

Hom txawv teb chaws rau cov kws ntawv nws yog teeb meem loj rau cov Fifth koom pheej ib xyoos - 1848. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, Cesar zam kev hais kwv txhiaj ua si, daws loj txog kev sau ntawv thiab tau sib yuav. Nws hlub Felicite de Musso - tus ntxhais ntawm cov kev lam ntawm lub Theatre ntawm lub Fabkis comedy.

Ib tug interesting coincidence yog lub fact tias cov kab tshoob hnub nrog pib ntawm lub kiv puag ncig - 22 Lub ob hlis ntuj. Newlyweds txawm "muaj hmoo" - kuv yuav tsum tau tsiv mus nyob rau kab tshoob Procession kev los ntawm lub insurgent barricades.

Yuav kom pab nws tsev neeg, Cesar tau muab private qhia muaj kev txom. Muaj ntau cov ntawv xov xwm yuav nyeem nws tshaj tawm ntawm lub tswv yim muab ib zaj lus qhia ntawm theoretical thiab cov tswv yim kev sib raug zoo, raws li tau zoo raws li piano, counterpoint thiab Fugue. Qhov no exhausting, txhuav hnub ua hauj lwm haunted nws kom txog thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv lub literal siab ntawm lo lus. Mus rau lub tom ntej no tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, composer, bypassing lub tag nrho, nws yog ib tug tshuab los ntawm uas tom qab tau tuag lawm.

Flemish luv

Feem ntau cov yuav, nws muab lub naive optimism thiab muaj pluaj siab zoo, uas tshwm sim los txom pab koj tu siab ntawm nws lub contemporaries, thiab txawm yog me nyuam. Tag nrho cov ills ntawm lub neej, ntog rau nws qhia, yuav tsis co sab ntsuj plig rog ntawm Cesar. Hiking taug kev rau nws cov thwjtim composer suav pab tau thiab es noj qab haus huv, lub indifference ntawm lub cuab nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm nws tsim yaam tshab nws suav hais tias rau lub sov Zoo siab txais tos. Lub composer muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau thiab coj Library nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txawm tsis kaj lub siab cov txheej xwm.

Sezar Frank (nws biography - ntawv pov thawj) yog muaj tseeb, lub luag hauj lwm, lub siab dawb siab thiab nyob ntsiag to loj heev, txawm lub fact tias txhua tus ntawm nws lub hnub yog monotonous: thaum ib nrab yav dhau los plaub lub composer tau txais li, ces ob tug teev "ua hauj lwm tshaj" (raws li nws hu ua lub sij hawm creativity ), xya teev yog twb nyob rau hauv thawj zaj lus qhia. Frank pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tsev tsuas yog rau noj hmo. Thiab yog hais tias, tom qab nws tau teem tseg zaug, ces dua kuv mob siab lub sij hawm rau lawv writings. Tej selfless kev ua si no tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyiaj, tab sis rau cov ua nws lub neej, txoj hauj lwm thiab txoj kev mob siab rau superior craftsmanship associates thiab cov phooj ywg ntawm lub composer hu ua lub feat.

Perfection paub tsis muaj ciam teb

Tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoos, Frank, tsis mloog nws txiv nyob ua ke xa mus rau lub Fabkis capital. Ntawm no nws finishes "hnov nyob rau Hill" - ib tug symphonic zaj paj huam raws li nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Victor Hugo, thiab undertakes uas nws kim heev kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub opera, uas nws hu ua "tub qhe ntawm tus nqi xauj tsev."

Nyob rau hauv 1853, Frank Sezar saws organist nyob rau pawg ntseeg ntawm Saint-Jean-Saint-Fransua Dyu Marais. Nws pib ib lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev txhim kho. Composer hnub rau thaum xaus tej kev ua tau zoo art, namely tus txheej txheem ntawm hloov khoom nruab nrog improvisation thiab pedals.

Thaum pib ntawm lub hli kawg ntawm 1859 nws siv zog tau lub nqi zog ntawm: lub Koom Txoos uas raug Clotilde entrusted nws mus ua si rau lub tshiab, tsuas yog cia li ua kom tiav lub cev ua hauj lwm ntawm tus naas ej Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. Rau qhov cuab tam Sezar Frank siv tus so ntawm nws lub hnub.

Fabkis txoj pej xeem

Nyob rau hauv 1871, Frank tau muaj rau muab cov hmoov txhuas hloov cov hoob kawm, uas tshuav Fransua Benua. Lub tsuas mob yog Fabkis ua pej xeem, uas Cesar thiab txais yuav. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv 1872, Frank tau los ua tus official thawj coj ntawm lub chav kawm ntawv - xib fwb ntawm hloov khoom nruab nrog tshaj pw ib ntev kev lig kev cai, tom qab ntawd hu ua tus "kuj zoo kawg kev lig kev cai." Thiab raws li lub conservatory yog feem ntau teem rau lub opera, lub composer Frank chav kawm ntawv los ua ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv. Nws txaus siab kawm tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis kuj yog ib tug auditor, uas coj tshiab le caag rua kev kawm, raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm creativity Beethoven thiab Bach.

Ntawm cov ntau cov menyuam kawm ntawv Cesar organists ntawm thoob ntiaj teb renown, xws li txiv leej tub Roparts, Ernest Chausson, Vincent d'Indy thiab lwm tus neeg.

paub

nws tuaj rau lub creator lub lig dhau lawm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1885 tus naas ej composer thiab organist, tau txais ib qho puav pheej los ntawm cov Legion ntawm yawm, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub teb chaws Music Society.

Lub ntiaj teb no yog paub tuaj tsuas yog tom qab lub composer tuag. Thiab niaj hnub no, lub suab paj nruag Sezara Franka yog thrill ntawm tus ntsuj plig.

zoo legacy

Pib los ntawm 1874 cov thawj txheej ntawm cov khoom ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam tsim Sezar Frank. Variations Fugue, heev heev uas yus hnov, compositions piano, hloov khoom nruab nrog, chamber thiab lwm yam ntaus uake.

Tub Ntxhais Kawm Ntawv xyoo twb cim los ntawm ob peb mus ntawm variations rau piano. Critics ntseeg tau hais tias lawv tsis ntxiv ntau li ntau lub suab paj nruag, tab sis qhia ib tug ceeb ntau hom tswv yim ua si rau lub piano.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj yog ib tug loj Sonata thiab cov thawj symphony rau tag nrho cov orchestra. Raws li cov biographical nkag, nws twb ua nyob rau hauv New Orleans tsis pub tshaj 1841.

Cov thawj loj tej hauj lwm - peb hais kwv txhiaj trio (piano, Cello thiab nkauj laus ncas), tau sau nyob rau hauv 1842 thiab 1843, ntsig txog. Teb, lawv yog cov "thawj hauj lwm" composer. Liszt, uas yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Frank, nyob pleasantly ras los ntawm cov kev ntseeg ntawm lub xeem ib feem ntawm lub trio thiab furiously sim kom koj yaum tau cov hluas composer luam tawm tsab nws raws li ib tug xwb, ua kom tiav kev ua hauj lwm. Los ntawm txoj kev, Ferents Sau feem ntau muab Cesar kev pab txhawb nqa, pab luam tawm.

Major ua hauj lwm, cov thawj tau raug qhuas los ntawm cov tub txawg los ua oratorio "Luv ua poj niam".

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov '50s tawm ntawm lub composer cwj mem los "los ntawm ua liaj ua teb tub qhe" (comic opera) thiab lub "Ntauwd ntawm Babel" (oratorio).

Nyob rau hauv 1869, Cesar ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm, raws li critics - oratorio nyob rau hauv yim qhov chaw rau chorus, orchestra thiab soloists ntawm lub "tej paj lug."

Sezar Frank "Panis Angelikus" sau nyob rau hauv 1872. Pawg ntseeg no suab paj nruag, teem rau cov lus ntawm qhov kev thov Vajtswv Fomy Akvinskogo. "Lub tubtxib saum ntuj khob cij" (rau orchestra, tenor thiab paab chorus tseem) twb xeeb raws li ib feem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj loj. Txawm li cas los, nws tau ua thiaj li nrov hais tias nws los ua sai sai heev yuav ntaus nqi raws li ib qho kev ywj piece. Suab paj nruag, sau los ntawm Cesar coj kev thov Vajtswv, uas nyob ntau tshaj 600 xyoo, thoob ntiaj teb koob meej.

"Rau Daim"

Nws yog tus thawj tseem ceeb tej hauj lwm ntawm tus creator. Rau ob xyoo, los ntawm 1860 mus rau 1862-th, tsim lawv Sezar Frank. Prelude, Fugue thiab Variation - tag ywj siab tej hauj lwm. Rau lawv, lub composer xaiv cov qauv ntawm Baroque triptych, ntseeg nkaws dua nyob rau hauv ib tug romantic txhiab.

fruitful eighties

Txij li thaum lub kawg ntawm xyoo 1879, thiab nyob rau hauv 1886 lub composer tau sau. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim ib tug quintet rau piano. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Berlioz thiab Romanticism pom lub teeb ntawm lub symphonic paj huam "Damn yos hav zoov." Lub "jinn" (rau piano thiab orchestra), Chorale, Symphonic Variations rau Piano thiab Orchestra. Ib me ntsis tom qab, ib tug prelude thiab ib tug Aria sau rau piano thiab orchestra los ntawm Sezar Frank. Sonata rau violin thiab piano yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1886 thiab nyob rau hauv ntawv sau hais mus rau ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog kab tshoob khoom plig violinist E. Ysaÿe. Tom qab tshwm sim rehearsal Eugene ua si nws nyob rau lub ceremony thiab yeej tsis ncaim nrog no kuj zoo kawg creation mus xaus ntawm lub neej.

Unfavorably ntaus nqi rau pej xeem tua ntawm lub Conservatory concerts nyob rau hauv 1889, muaj nyuam qhuav tiav txoj hau kev tseem nyob rau hauv D muaj hnub nyoog. Tab sis nws txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm rau lub ruaj ntseeg nyob rau hauv txoj kev vam meej ntawm nws ua hauj lwm Sezar Frank. Symphony nyob rau hauv D Me tau ua tsis tau tsuas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws tom qab tus naas ej tej hauj lwm ntawm Berlioz lub symphonic tej hauj lwm, tab sis kuj zoo nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX caug xyoo.

Nws peb hloov khoom nruab nrog chorale tau sau. Lawv pom tau hais tias los ntawm txoj kev ntawm variation ntawm lub composer technics.

Qhov loj tshaj ntawm nws hom

Lub ntsiab lus Cesar ua ub no yuav tsis tau overestimated. Nws tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas pab rau cov no: kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis suab paj nruas kev lig kev cai. Nws sau kom nws ntshiab uas lub teb chaws ntsuj plig - tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug opera, thiab hais tias heev yog tsim nyog ntawm composers tsim symphonic music kom phim lub siab European chav kawm ntawv nyob rau Fabkis.

Sezar Frank (Prelude, Fugue, sau ntawv rau orchestra, muab nws mus rau to taub) tsa ib hom ntawv nyeem mus rau theem ntawm Bach. Raws li piano lwm yam. Ob tug loj series ntawm nws kos duab rau qhov ntsuas muab tso rau hauv ib tug par nrog tus naas ej Beethoven sonatas.

Koj musicians, contemporaries thiab cov thwjtim Frank xav tias nws yog ib tug zoo heev kws qhia ntawv. Raws li cov creator ntawm cov suab paj nruag mloog E. Chausson, G. Roparts, Bizet, A. Dyupak, P. Duke E. Chabrier li al. Infinitely hwm Cesar Debussy.

Tseem sawv tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev uas lub chromatic email composer, dawb thiab yooj yim rau siv lawv nonakkordov, expressiveness ntawm nws modulations, lub novelty ntawm lub cyclic cov ntaub ntawv. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub harmonic lus ntawm Cesar ua rau nws tau mus kov yeej cov qauv rau yav tom ntej composer.

mas

Ntau ntau Cesar tau tsim thiab nyob rau hauv ntawv sau daim ntawv no. Tiam sis txhua tsab ntawv nrog ib yam dab tsi interesting. Piv txwv li, "Yuav ua li cas koj hnov nyob rau lub roob" yog thawj qauv laus zaj paj huam muaj leej sib lawv liag kab. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv tib lub zajlus ntawm Victor Hugo Ferents Sau tom qab kuj sau tau ib phau ntawv.