Smolensk fortress: tus pej thuam, lawv cov hauj lwm. Nroo Smolensk fortress ntauwd

Smolensk nroog surrounded los ntawm cov phab ntsa nrog yees. Feem ntau nws yog ib tug fortification ntawm medieval Russia hu ua Smolensk Kremlin, "Saw ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws." Mus txog rau tam sim no tsuas mus txog ib nrab ua fortification, tab sis qhov no fact xwb ntxiv rau lub nplhaib ntawm cov historic monument ntawm authenticity.

los ntawm keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Ivana Groznogo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no muaj ib tug ntoo fort nrog earthen rampart. Tab sis, nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm artillery ntoo phab ntsa yuav tsis tau thaum nws tus yeeb ncuab, raws li nws yog ua ntej.

Smolensk yeej ib txwm tau ib qho tseem ceeb siv taw tes nyob rau hauv Russia thiab feem ntau yuav rov los cov yeeb ncuab, yog li lub rulers yog ib txwm coj kev kho mob ntawm nws qib. By decree ntawm Fedora Ioannovicha nyob rau hauv 1595 pib ua tag nrho cov rog ntawm lub State Moscow pob zeb tsev, uas tom qab lub npe hu ua lub Smolensk fortress nrog defensive ces kaum thiab intermediate yees.

Qhov no neeg pej xeem nrog tsev siv rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ua hauj lwm rau 30,000 salaried neeg ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm no lossis loj siv project Fyodor Kon. Lub pob zeb phab ntsa tau tsa rau 6 xyoo. Lawv qhov siab mus txog 18 m, thickness - 6 m. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov ntau haib lub phab ntsa tsis muaj nyob rau hauv Russia. Tag nrho cov puag ncig ntev yog 6.5 km. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub phab ntsa tau ua thiab tus pej thuam ntawm tus Smolensk fortress nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 38 daim. Yeej, lawv peb-tiered, ib qhov siab ntawm 22 mus rau 33 m.

Smolensk fortress ntauwd

Lawv tuav ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Smolensk fortress. Nws yog los ntawm cov tej hauj lwm yuav tsum nqa tawm:

1. Soj.
2. Longitudinal hluav taws.
3. Kev pab tiv thaiv qhov rooj.
4. Shelter rog thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nthuav fact: Cov Smolensk Kremlin tsis muaj ib yam ntawm cov tib pej thuam. Lub qhov siab thiab zoo ntawm tus yees nyob rau ntawm topography thiab qhov chaw. Tus designs twb 9 rooj vag. Tsev dua tus pej thuam - "Frolov". Los ntawm nws koj yuav tau txais mus rau lub capital ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab xeev. Qhov thib ob qho tseem ceeb heev - ib tug "Molohovskaya" ntauwd, nws yuav qhib txoj kev rau Kiev, Roslavl thiab lwm tus neeg.

Lwm yam yees tau ua ntau yooj yim. 13 cov vaj tse twb kiag qhov muag tsis pom, muaj ib lub zoo lawm, tus yees tau shestnadtsatigrannymi 7 thiab 9 - round.

Kuj thiab qhov fab ntxeev mus rau lub Smolensk fortress

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Polish tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua Smolensk fortress twb rov dua, nws twb tag pov tseg los ntawm lub 4 yees. Nws yeej tsis muaj leej twg yuav siv sij hawm tam sim ntawd mus sib ntaus sib tua. Fortress thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no sawv siege 3 rau ib tug tag nrho ntawm ntau tshaj peb lub xyoos. Teb tsev fuabtais raws li ib tug fort-tsev mus nyob qhovtwg li nyob rau hauv 1786. Tag nrho cov tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv nws Gunners thiab lawv cov phom raug faib mus rau lwm cov chaw tiv thaiv. Tab sis Napoleon tau ib zaug dua cua daj cua dub lub fortress ntawm Smolensk thiab nws cov rooj vag, mus txeeb lub nroog. Muaj zog phab ntsa tiv thaiv cov phem ntawm ib tug 2-hnub, thiab cov shelling ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog nyob rau hauv 1812. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov phab ntsa (dawb pob zeb paub meej) yuav ua tau cov limestone, uas yog nkag rau kev tsim kho ntawm quarries Konobeevskii. Smolensk fortress xav pub nyob rau hauv lub tawm ntawm Fabkis, nws twb loj lawm. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm huab tais Napoleon tag nrho cov yees ntawm lub fortress tau mined. 9 yees tau tag pov tseg los ntawm cov tawg, thiab lwm tus twb raug ntaus thiab tshem Cossack Ataman M. Platov lub cev.

Smolensk Kremlin nyob rau hauv peacetime

Tu siab, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov Smolensk fortress pab tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev tsov rog. Tom qab lub Napoleonic Wars, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1820-1830, cov phab ntsa hauv lub defensive lug uas yog nyob rau hauv neeg pluag mob, lauj lub cib rau kho tshiab ntawm vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub nroog, puas los ntawm kev tsov rog.

Nyob rau hauv 1930 Smolensk Kremlin nquag lauj lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov kev siv ntawm Stalin. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II fortress ua pab los ruined nroog thiab nws cheeb tsam.

Smolensk fortress hnub no

Yuav kom qhov no hnub twg, nws fwm tag nrho ntev ntawm lub Smolensk Fortress - 3.5 km, 9 no muaj xws li tawg tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab 18 yees.

Smolensk Kremlin - tus kwv ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tseem ceeb. Yees thiab tawg tsam ntawm phab ntsa nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog. Qhov loj tshaj plaws seem ntawm cov phab ntsa ntev ntawm 1.5 km yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Smolensk.

Heev heev tourists zoo li vwm Smolensk Kremlin. Smolensk - ib tug ancient lub nroog uas muaj ib tug loj ntawm lub tsev khaws thiab monuments.

Lub ntsiab keeb kwm monument ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug tsev cia puav pheej, lub rooj sib tham qhov chaw thiab ib tug nyiam lub hom phiaj parkurschikov. Rau cov neeg uas tsis nyiam nws tus kheej coj tours, nws yog ntshaw kom mus saib lub "nroo" ntauwd, uas feem ntau hosts concerts nrog ua yeeb yam ntawm pob zeb hnub qub, thiab lwm yam classics.

Neeg mus ncig tebchaws yog free rau mus saib lub pob zeb tej yam qub qab, qhov ntau hais tias ib tug taug kev nyob rau hauv lub Smolensk fortress - ib tug nco kev tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tseem tau mus pom cov ancient lub zos los ntawm qhov siab thiab qhuas lub Dnieper.

"Pyatnitskaya" Ntauwd

Cov pej thuam thiab lub rooj vag ntawm lub tib lub npe rov qab los thiab ennobled nws. Thaum los ntawm "Pyatnitsky" rooj vag yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Smolensk. Nyob rau hauv 1812, lawv, zoo li lwm yam rooj vag thiab yees, ntawm uas muaj Smolensk Kremlin, twb tshuab mus los ntawm Napoleon tus pab tub rog. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw ua lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Tihona Zadonskogo. Rau hnub tim, lub "Pyatnitskaya" ntauwd, tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm "Lavxias teb sab vodka", qhov twg txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm saj cov khoom ntawm lub zos distillery thiab kawm txog ib co ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm distillation nyob rau hauv Russia.

xob quaj ntauwd

Ib tug ntawm cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yees "Saw ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws" yog "nroo." Nws yog lub npe hu los ntawm lwm lub npe:

1. "Round".
2. "Topinskaya". Thaum muaj ib cov hav iav hav iav, li no nws lub npe mus rau lub pej thuam.
3. "Tupinskaya". Pej thuam ntaub ntawv ib tug obtuse kaum ntse ntse, tej zaum nws muab nws xws li ib tug lub npe.

Tus thawj ntawm txum tim rov qab - "nroo" Smolensk fortress ntauwd rov qab los rau nws thawj daim ntawv. Ntawm no koj yuav saib tau lub cim sab hauv ntawm lub pej thuam, taug kev lub ntseg stairs thiab qhuas cov ntoo dome hauv.

Qhov thib ob theem ntawm tus pej thuam occupies exhibition, uas qhia zaj dab neeg txog lub tsev thiab lub heroic tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress. Cov qhua tuaj xyuas muab lub sij hawm tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov qhabnias antiques 16-17 th centuries. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw muab tso rau lub layout ntawm lub Smolensk fortress - tus thawj cov tsos ntawm cov Smolensk citadel nrog tag nrho cov yees, Battlements, rooj vag.

Qhov thib peb theem ntawm lub "nroo" yog ib qho exhibition "sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Grunwald, 600 xyoo tom qab ntawd," nrog teev - reconstruction ntawm caj npab thiab armor ntawm warriors Smolensk Principality, lub Golden Horde, thiab lwm tus neeg.

4 pem teb yog ib tug saib platform. Tej zaum, muaj ntau ntau yam ua yeeb yam ntawm nyuab thiab concerts. Ntawm no yog cov tsev khaws puav pheej "St. Petersburg - Lavxias teb sab ntaub thaiv npog", nyob rau hauv lub "nroo" Ntauwd ntawm lub Smolensk fortress.

A ncig ntawm lub Smolensk fortress koj yuav tsum pib nrog "nroo" ntauwd, raws li muaj feem ntau muaj nyob rau keeb kwm reconstruction, qhov chaw uas koj yuav saib tau lub dav tsiab peb caug, cov neeg nyob rau hauv medieval khaub ncaws thiab Lithuanian cov tub rog.