Smolensk xeev: cov cheeb nroog thiab lub zos

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm cov thawj xeev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Imperial Russia hnub rov qab mus rau 1708 xyoo. Qhov no hom ntawm koog tsev muaj kom txog thaum 1929. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev uas yuav ua kom lub division ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub me administrative units, zoo li lub regional division.

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm Smolensk xeev

Thaum lub sij hawm lub creation ntawm yim lub xeev Peter kuv nyob rau hauv 1708 nws tau tsim rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam Smolensk xeev. Av nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yog ib feem ntawm ib tug tib hwv tsev thiab nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Smolensk xeev lasted kom txog thaum 1929, tom qab ua lub cheeb tsam thaum lub sij hawm lub Reformation nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Lub ntsiab lub zos ntawm lub xeev tau pom tias Smolensk.

Cov tseem ntawm qhov chaw ntawm thaj av cai ntawm Imperial Russia muab qhov sib thooj thiab economic kev ua ub no nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov lwm lub xeev.

Xeev bordered lub teb chaws no:

• Tver xeev (sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj);
• Moscow thiab Kaluga (sab hnub tuaj);
• Orel (sab qab teb - sab hnub tuaj);
• Chernigov (sab qab teb);
• Mahileu (sab hnub poob);
• Vitebsk thiab Pskov (nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb hnub poob).

av Reformation

Tus tshiab khiv Smolensk xeev muaj kwv yees li ntawm kaum xya lub zos. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv: Roslavl, Smolensk, Dawb, Vyazma, Dorogobuzh. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1713 rau lub xeev yog disbanded, nws coob ib feem mus rau lub ntsig txog lub xeev ib feem ntawm lub Riga xeev.

Tom qab, tom qab kaum peb xyoos, nws tau raug cov rov qab los. Nws yog tsim ntawm tsib cheeb tsam: Dorogobuzh, Belsky, Smolensk, Vyazma thiab Roslavl.
Me ntsis tom qab ntawd (nyob rau hauv 1775) hauv lub xeev twb reformed nyob rau hauv Smolensk governorship. Vim hwv hloov yog lub xam nrog ntawm xya tshiab nroog: Kasplyanskogo, Elninskaya, Krasninsky, Gzhatsk, Sychevsky, Porechsky, Ruposovskogo. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab Ruposovsky thiab Kasplinsky nroog tau transformed rau hauv Yukhnovsky thiab Duhovschinsky. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1796 governorship reformatted dua nyob rau hauv lub xeev.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1802 mus 1918 nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Smolensk xeev muaj kaum ob cheeb tsam. Tus me tshaj lub teb chaws nyob Sychevsky - 2825 square versts.

Administrative hwv tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Smolensk xeev:

• Yukhnovsky;
• Vyazemskij;
• Belsky;
• Gzhatskaya;
• Duhovschinsky;
• Elninskaya;
• Sychevsky;
• Dorogobuzh;
• Roslavlsky;
• Smolensk;
• Porechsky;
• Krasninsky.

241 parish tau sau npe nyob rau hauv lub nroog, 4.130 nyob deb nroog zej zog thiab txog lwm 14,000 populated cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib ncig ntawm lub xeev muaj yim settlements thiab 600 lub zos. Tus so ntawm lub zos twb teb, me me lub zos, ua liaj ua teb. Length Smolensk xeev yog 340 cua (ib versta raws li niaj hnub 1067 meters). Nws lub teb chaws muaj me ntsis ntau tshaj 49212 square versts.

pejxeem

Raws li cov 1897 census, cov pej xeem ntawm lub xeev ntawm Smolensk yog ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib lab inhabitants. Nyob rau hauv lub zos uas muaj tsawg tshaj li kaum feem pua ntawm cov pejxeem, hais txog 121 txhiab cov pej xeem. Ua ntej lub abolition ntawm serfdom nyob rau hauv 1761, tus xov tooj ntawm serfs tuaj rau 70% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem.

Smolensk xeev muaj lub siab tshaj plaws nqi ntawm uas tsis yog-free neeg ntawm tag nrho cov moo ntawm Tsarist Russia. Nyob rau hauv ib chav txivneej nyob rau nruab nrab lees paub rau txog 60 serfs. By kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Smolensk, muaj 13 monasteries, 763 lub koom txoos thiab ib lub zej lub zos. Feem Pua txiv plig yog 0.6% ntawm tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob. Smolensk xeev raws li ib tug tib hwv tsev mus nyob qhovtwg li nyob rau hauv 1929, thiab nws pawg neeg thaj av tau annexed mus rau lub Western Region.

Kev lag luam thiab ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam

Zos ntawm Smolensk xeev nto moo rau txawj tanners thiab weavers. Nyob hauv zos no mas nyob rau hauv koom ua liaj ua teb, cultivated nplej: rye, oats, buckwheat, nplej. Nyob rau hauv Rostislavskom county cultivated pias nyob rau hauv ib tug me me volume. Nyob rau hauv Vyazma thiab Sychevsky nroog cultivated hemp thiab flax. Lub zos Tesovo Sychevskii koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj lnovodnaya chaw nres tsheb. Tab Tom Hlab thiab paj rwb-spinning zeb nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Yartsevo Duhovschinskogo County. Nyob rau hauv Rostislavskom County functioned matchbox thiab tawv ntau lawm. Nws kis raws li yog zus tau tej cov casting uas siv lead ua cov khoom thiab hav zoov cov khoom. Bielsko - ib thiab cib ua hauj lwm.

Smolensk xeev nto moo rau nws lub vaj. Mas koom nyob rau hauv cultivation ntawm tus txawv ntau yam ntawm apples, txiv moj mab thiab pears. Apples yog muag nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tab sis nws tsis yog tsuas yog nto moo rau nws ua liaj ua teb Smolensk xeev.

Smolensk county

Qhov no cheeb tsam yog lub feem ntau densely populated nyob rau hauv kev sib piv mus rau lwm cov pawg neeg thaj av. Cov neeg hauv zos tau mas pauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Lithuanians. Roslavl county mas ua liaj ua teb ua si.

Tsuas yog no loj hlob buckwheat, barley thiab millet. Nws twb xub tsim Smolensk Agrarian haiv neeg rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ua liaj ua teb. Muaj warehouses ntawm ua liaj ua teb machinery thiab implements. Nws tuav heev kev taw qhia los hloov lub khais khais. Cov phom manufactured los ntawm lub zos masters, tsis inferior mus rau lub Hoobkas txheem.

Los ntawm 1880 954 factories thiab lub Hoobkas, lub functioned nyob rau hauv Smolensk xeev. Nyob rau tom ntej no kaum yim xyoo, tus nab npawb ntawm mills thiab factories nce los ntawm yim units. Nyob rau hauv kev, peb yuav tsum muaj thiab txhim kho cov cheese Hoobkas, uas yog feem ntau yuav nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub xeev.

xaus

Thaum txog 1000 xyoo dhau los, nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov zoo hauj lwm ntawm lub xeev yuav tsum muaj lub division rau hauv kev tswj chav nyob. Tus thawj ua tim khawv rau hnub tim rov qab mus rau X xyoo pua AD. Princess Olga faib Novgorod pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau hauv lub graveyards. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua, Ivan Grozny muaj txoj kev uas cov Novgorod chaw uas zoo heev fifths. Thaum pib ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua, nws qhia lub tswvyim ntawm lub xeev thiab cov cheeb tsam. Lawv tau los ua tus tsab ntawm hnub no lub cheeb tsam thiab tsev kawm ntawv.