Sphagnum bogs - ib yam ntawm cov wetland. Sphagnum peat los

Nyob rau hauv tsis kub tsis txias latitudes mas nyob rau hauv cov ntoo thiab tundra cheeb tsam yog tsim xws hom wetland li sphagnum bogs. Lub predominant nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lawv - sphagnum ntxhuab, vim uas lawv tau txais lawv lub npe.

piav qhia

Nws bogs, uas yog tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv lub noo lowlands. Los ntawm saum toj no lawv yog them nrog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm sphagnum (dawb ntxhuab), muaj ib tug heev muaj peev xwm. Nws yog zoo propagated, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsuas yog qhov twg muaj ib tug txheej ntawm humus.

Hauv qab no nroj tsuag yog acidic, cov neeg pluag dej muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog ib tug heev tsawg cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa. Tej yam kev mob yog kiag li unsuitable rau lub neej ntawm cov feem ntau nyob tus kab mob no, uas muaj xws li cov kab mob thiab lwj. Yog li ntawd, poob ntoo, paj ntoos, organic tshuaj uas tsis decomposed, fwm tshaj lub millennia.

hom

Sphagnum bogs tej zaum yuav txawv nyob rau hauv tsos. lawv feem ntau muaj ib tug convex zoo, t. Yuav kom. Moss hlob ntau xav nyob ze ntawm lub chaw, nyob qhov twg cov dej salinity yog tshwj xeeb yog cov uas tsis muaj. Nyob rau periphery ntawm lub tej yam kev mob rau nws tu tub tu kiv yog tsawg paaj. Tej zaum kuj muaj pav ca-zoo li tus marshes. Ib tug txawv no kuj forested thiab unregenerated.

Tus thawj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Siberia, qhov twg ib tug hais continental kev nyab xeeb. Treeless sphagnum bogs yog pom nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab noo climatic tej yam kev mob uas muaj ntau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub thaj cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub European lub teb chaws.

Keeb kwm sphagnum bogs

Nws twb pom tias lub qub marshes raug tsim tshaj 400 lab lub xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub nimno sphagnum peat los - yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ntev evolution. Tom qab cov dej khov hnub nyoog twb dej chaw, lub ntsiab thiab peat-txoj kev nroj tsuag uas tau ua nyom thiab ntxhuab. Tsim peaty xau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic ib puag ncig. Tus sis ntawm lub ntau yam geological, lub cev thiab thaj yam tshwm sim sushi waterlogging los yog gradual overgrowth reservoirs. Ib txhia ntawm cov marshes pib caij: cov zaub mov yog kiag li vim lub nag lossis daus.

Sphagnum bogs yog lawm ua tus sau nrog dej thiab cov zoo li nyob rau hauv lub lens. Cov nag lossis daus tsis muaj mineral ntsev, yog li xws swamps inhabited los ntawm cov nroj tsuag nruj heev heev rau cov tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus: mas sphagnum mosses, grasses thiab me me lov tas vau.

peat tsim

Tuag tsob nroj hais uas noog txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv sphagnum bogs, tsim ib tug ncaj loj khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov organic tshuaj. Maj mam, lawv yuav hloov mus rau hauv peat. Qhov no tus txheej txheem no los ntawm tej yam tej yam kev mob: ntev ya raws, tsis muaj peevxwm thiab qhov yuav luag tiav qhaj ntawv los ntawm cov pa. Nyob ntawm tuag nroj tsuag yeej tsis lawm thaum tuav nws zoo lawm thiab txawm paj ntoos. Los ntawm kev kawm rau hauv lub peat kuaj, zaum yuav txiav txim seb yuav ua li cas kev nyab xeeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, raws li zoo raws li lub hav zoov hloov tshwm sim.

Sphagnum bogs cia loj heev reserves ntawm peat, uas ua hauj lwm pab txiv neej raws li ib tug roj, yog li lawv yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg economic tseem ceeb.

sphagnum ntxhuab

Hom lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej nroj tsuag bogs plays sphagnum ntxhuab. Nws muaj ib tug heev peculiar qauv. Reniform sprig muab tso rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm tus kav, nyob rau hauv nws qis ib feem - whorls ntawm ntev ceg txheej txheem horizontally. Nplooj yog muaj li ntawm ntau yam hlwb, ib co kev uas ua tej yam tseem ceeb heev functions thiab muaj chlorophyll. Lwm yam hlwb yog empty, tsis muaj kob thiab loj yog lub rooj zaum ntawm dej zoo li ib tug li ntaub nqus dej uas absorbs ib tug plurality ntawm los ntawm qhov muab nyob rau hauv lub plhaub. Lawv nyob tag nrho saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv ¾. Vim lawv ib feem sphagnum muaj peev xwm ntawm absorbing dej. Moss muab ib tug zoo txhua xyoo kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv cia li ib lub xyoo, nws loj hlob tuaj mus 6-8 cm.

Lwm yam nroj tsuag yog sphagnum bogs

Nyob rau ntxhuab ntaub pua yuav loj hlob xwb nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv uas lub rhizome yog ntsug los yog me ntsis inclined. Qhov no yog tsuas paj rwb nyom, sedge, cloudberries, cranberries, thiab ib co shrubs, uas nws ceg yuav ua tau adventitious keeb kwm, thaum lub tsawg ib feem pib nkaum nyob rau hauv lub tuab ntxhuab. Cov nroj tsuag los kuj koom heather, rosemary, ntsias birch thiab t. D. Cranberry kis tshaj lub saum npoo ntawm ntxhuab ntev lashes, sundew txhua xyoo ntaub ntawv ib tug rosette yoojyim dag nyob rau hauv lev sphagnum. Muaj tseem nyob ntawm no thiab ib co herbaceous nroj tsuag Russia: sphagnum bogs inhabits sundew, bladderwort, sedge. Yuav tsum tau ua faus nyob rau hauv sphagnum ntxhuab, lawv tag nrho yuav ntau dua thiab ntau dua rau koj tsiv lawv taw tes ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag txawv luv luv stature thiab me me evergreen nplooj.

Ntawm cov ntoo nyob rau hauv cov hav iav koj tau feem ntau pom ib tug ntoo thuv tsob ntoo. Txawm hais tias nws feem ntau yog zoo txawv heev tshaj ib tug uas yog kev loj hlob ntawm Bor sands. Lub pob tw ntawm tsob ntoo, uas hlob nyob rau hauv qhuav av yog feem ntau slender, tuab. Marsh yog stunted ntoo thuv (tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ob meters siab), clumsy. Nws luv luv koob thiab me me cones rau hauv tag nrho. Tus ntoo khaub lig-seem ntawm ib tug nyias lub cev koj yuav saib tau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm txhua xyoo ib ncig.

Tsob ntoo uas nyob hauv lub ntoo thuv-sphagnum bogs, muaj adventitious keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau maj mam ua overgrown nrog peat. Nrhiav tau lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus dej, cov hauv paus hniav ua tau tsis ntev mov yoojyim txaus noo noo, yuav ua ntoo thuv withers thiab tuag.

Siv marshes txiv neej

Great nqi raws li ib tug peat los deposits qhov chaw, siv raws li roj, raws li zoo raws li ib lub hwj chim qhov twg los rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub peat siv nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb: nws mus txog rau chiv, ntaub pua chaw pw rau tej tsiaj txhu. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, nws yog los ntawm insulating boards, ntau yam tshuaj (methyl cawv, paraffin, creosote thiab cov zoo li. D.).

Great economic tseem ceeb upland sphagnum bogs, uas yog lub ntsiab locus ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo fab: cranberry, cloudberry, blueberries.

Tshwm sim anthropogenic los

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, nyiaj txiag kev ua si, uas ua rau yus cov neeg rau swamps los yog nyob ib sab chaw, ua rau ib tug kev hloov ntawm cov hav iav nroj tsuag. Cov los yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi txhuav swamps, hluav taws kub, grazing, ntov ntoo gasket tej kev loj thiab pipelines. Nroj tsuag marshes nyob ze cov chaw zov me, feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm huab cua thiab av pa phem.

Clearing lub glades peb lub hlis twg nrog ntov ntoo thuv, uas ua rau yus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm wetland shrubs, koom los ntawm birch. Sphagnum ntxhuab yog maj hloov brievymi.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws kub, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm qhuav, nroj tsuag burnout tshwm sim. Thaum cov chaw hauv cov hav iav nto yog them nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov hmoov tshauv, uas tsim ib tug cia ntawm mineral cov as-ham. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm pib hluav taws kub nplua mias loj hlob paj rwb nyom, Andromeda, blueberry, qus rosemary thiab birch tshwm sim.

Txhuav swamps ua rau peat, ua liaj ua teb siv, hav zoov cultivation, thiab hais txog. D. Qhov no thiaj li lub theem ntawm cov subsoil dej, tsim oxidative dab thiab mineralization ntawm cov organic tshuaj. Tag nrho cov no ua rau yus mus rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv peat deposits, widening ntawm lub birch. Cranberries thiab cloudberries yog maj hloov los ntawm paj rwb nyom, thiab sphagnum ntxhuab - hav zoov.

Cov txiv neej feem nyob rau hauv cov hav iav ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub qub hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov toj roob hauv pes, thiab nws thiaj li mus rau ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub ecological tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv cov xwm.