Stoglavy Cathedral thiab Ivan Grozny

Stoglavy Cathedral nyob rau hauv 1551 cim ib tug tej theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev, cov haiv neeg, kev ntseeg thiab kab lis kev cai. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tus huab tais Cathedral ntawm Tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj Ivan Vasilyevich kuv yog nees nkaum xyoo, tab sis nws yog ib tug huab tais "nyob rau hauv kev quab yuam". Vim nws cov tub ntxhais uas muaj hnub nyoog, Ivan twb hlawv nqhis dej rau kho uas lub teb chaws tau los ua ib tug haib lub teb chaws thiab tus Vaj Rus.

Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI yog suav tias yog lub sij hawm ntawm Modernization, thaum lub hwj chim ntawm tus txhawj Russia tau ua ib tug muaj zog lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab Asia. Kazan thiab Astrakhan tau kov yeej lub nceeg vaj, muaj ib tug tsov rog nrog cov Crimean Khanate. Zemskoe pib lub caij nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws, thaum lawv tau tsim zemstvo noj ib feem nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv los ntawm lawv cov neeg sawv cev. Pab tub rog tau modernized, thiab tsim nyob rau cov nom tswv cajceg, tau qhia ib tug tshiab system ntawm taxation.

Nyob rau hauv lub XV xyoo pua poob Byzantine Empire, nws twb ntaus rau lub bastion ntawm Orthodox ntseeg Vajtswv, thiab Russia tau noj nyob rau hauv ib lub nra hnyav ntawm kev tiv thaiv Orthodoxy. Nws tau tau tasked rau tsim lub Orthodox Rus cai, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau ib lub tsev teev ntuj kom zoo. Cov kev cai dab qhuas pem lub laity yog heev rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yeej ib txwm tau tus ntsuj plig, tab sis lub siab zoo ibyam ntawm cov txiv plig los ntawm Piv txwv li demolishing tag nrho cov ncej ntawm morality.

Cathedral pib nrog cov kev kho mob ntawm Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich rau lub dho pov thawj. Nyob rau hauv nws kev hais lus, uas yog tau piav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tshooj Council Code (Stoglavy Cathedral), nws tham txog yuav ua li cas phem tus Vaj Russia: siab hierarchical voj voog txiv plig mired nyob rau hauv qaug dej qaug cawv, debauchery, sodomy, pab los ntawm tej khoom txoj cai, uas yog, muaj lub ntiaj teb no tus pej xeem .

Ntxiv mus, lub pov thawj fatten ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm lub teb chaws ascribed mus rau lub monasteries, li ntawd, lawv kuj tau txais "rugu" los ntawm pej xeem coffers: wine, zib ntab, khoom noj khoom haus, khaub ncaws.

Ivan nug hais tias tus txiv plig los pab nyob rau hauv lub txij nkawm ntawm cov chaw hospice uas, mus txhiv raug thiab muab cov neeg ntawm lub monastic pawg neeg thaj av servicemen, tab sis lub siab lub pov thawj hwj yeej tsis xav kom hais nruab nrab lawv Holdings thiab nyiaj, thiab hais tias unto tus huab tais tsis kam.

Stoglavy Cathedral - nws yog 100 tshooj Council Code, uas qhia txog tag nrho cov ua yeeb yam, kev sib tham thiab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm tus huab tais, ntawm uas muaj 69. Lub sij hawm ntawm qhov Council yog tus me nyuam los tu hauv qab no kev txiav txim siab:

- coj mus rau deanery lub tsev teev ntuj tag nrho cov phau ntawv, uas yog siv tsuas canonized;

- cov kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Charter;

- yuav ua rau lub kos npe rau ntawm ob tug ntiv tes kos npe;

- pleev xim icons rau kuaj (rau cov ruble thiab cov Greeks);

- tshem tau kabmob pagan ritual;

- Kab tshoob kev tso cai mus rau 15 xyoo rau cov tub hluas thiab 12 xyoo rau cov ntxhais;

- Stoglavy Cathedral txwv muaj strangled, thiab cov ntshav (tsiaj thiab noog ntes tau nyob rau hauv ib tug snare);

- kev cai raus dej tau nqa tawm peb lub sij hawm los ntawm immersion nyob rau hauv dej es tsis txhob ntawm pouring;

- daws yog qhov teeb meem nrog rov qab polonyannikov;

- rau monastic txhab ntsuam xyuas imputing sovereign, etc.

Tab sis Stoglavy Cathedral yog tsis muaj peev xwm los npaj lub neej ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws tej ua nom ua tswv, uas mus txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv txoj kev txhaum thiab sodomy.

Stoglavy Cathedral - ib tug tseem ceeb daim ntawv uas qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas civilized nws yog Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo. Muaj ntau historians, tsis muab qhov tseem ceeb thiaj li tseem ceeb kho ntawm cov xyoo, denigrated thiab saib tsis taus Lavxias teb sab txheej xwm ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog.