Syntax kawm tshooj no. Syntactic units, kev sib txuas thiab kev sib raug zoo

Qhov tsab xov xwm tsom rau daim ntawv no ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv raws li syntax. Yuav ua li cas nws kawm? Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no.

txhais

Syntax kawm cov kev cai, txhais tau tias thiab txoj kev koom nrog cov lus, idioms thiab predicative units, raws li zoo raws li lub resulting unit. Cov kev cai ntawm lawv siv tsis tau to taub thiab txhais nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev syntactic ntsiab lus teb thiab syntactic kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog yooj yim, yuav tsum muaj tswv yim seem "syntax" uas tshuaj xyuas cov no thiab lwm yam tshwm sim.

syntactic units

cov chav nyob tshwm sim thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus rau denote syntactic kev sib raug zoo - lub feem ntau ntaus qhov tseem ceeb qhia los ntawm txhais tau tias cov lus thiab npaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm tiag tiag cov ntaub ntawv. Peb paub lwm cov lus txhais ntawm "syntax" section. Ua li cas nws paub ntau ntxiv?

syntax kev sib txuas lus

Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm syntactic units los ntawm txhais tau tias cov lus qhia tej yam semantic kev sib raug zoo.

Muaj ob feeb opposed rau no hom ntawm kev sib txuas lus: kev sau ntawv thiab kev mloog lus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lawv, sawv kom sib haum thiab apposition, thiab nyob rau hauv subordinating kev twb kev txuas - ob lub tsev.

Sib haum no tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm cov kev kawm thiab predicate nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus qauv. Nws txawv los ntawm lub subordination piv (daim ntawv cog lus) yuav tsum heev kom meej meej tseg:

1. Matching - subordinate kev twb kev txuas, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub ntsiab thiab nyob Cheebtsam. Sib haum - correlation, interdependence cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kawm thiab predicate.
2. Reconciliation mus thoob plaws lub ntsiab paradigm ntawm lo lus. Sib haum - correlation ntawm ib tug neeg ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev kawm thiab predicate (IV tsuas n thiab conjugated qhia txog kev ua daim ntawv no.).
3. Nyob rau hauv pom zoo tsim kab lus, nyob rau hauv kev sib koom tes - kev.
4. Thaum tswj nyob tivthaiv ua syntactical txhais nuj nqi. Nyob rau hauv lub sib haum ntawm lub ntsiab syntactic zog ntawm kab lus - kev kawm thiab predicate.

Thaum appositive piv tsis yog kom meej meej kheej, raws li nyob rau hauv lub cuav, lub ntsiab lus thiab cov tub. daim ntawv thov daim ntawv yog tsis zoo ib yam, uas yog tsis zoo rau ib daim ntawv ntawm txhais thiab match hom thiab tus xov tooj thaum nws tshwm sim, yog vim tsis grammatical thaj chaw ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no, thiab nominations tseeb. Cov tib cov ntaub ntawv qhia los ntawm syntactic parallelism ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, vim lawv yog tswj los ntawm lub tib lub qhia txog kev ua-predicate: dej-kev zoo nkauj-neeg phem cuab, tab sis cov ntawv xov xwm "Izvestia", lub magazine "Thaum lub log", thiab lwm tus neeg.

Duplex - ib tug muab ob npaug rau subordination, uas tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov kab lus: "Nws ntsia nkees." Qhov no kev twb kev txuas feem ntau siv Lavxias teb sab syntax uas kawm cov phenomena. Lo lus daim ntawv "nkees" thiab yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv tsi txhais lus thiab lub neej no nyob ntawm cov kev xaiv ntawm qhia txog kev ua.

syntactic kev sib raug zoo

Rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm syntactic piv ntawm cov Cheebtsam ntawm syntactic cov chav nyob thiab lawv lawv tus kheej yuav tshwm sim syntactic kev sib raug zoo. Lub ntsiab methodological txoj kev mus ntes lawv - logic system tej teeb meem.

Syntactic kev sib raug zoo - qhov no yog tseem dab tsi yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub syntax. Lawv yog cov attributive, kwv, thiab sau li. Nruas hloov lwm lub tsev sib raug zoo ntawm lub xeev thiab qhov kev txiav txim thiab cov kev kawm uas nws yog hais, "rau sau ib tsab ntawv." Attributive tshwm sim thaum qhov kev kawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug kos npe rau, ib tug mob yus muaj los ntawm ib tug nrog los yog sab nraud zoo zog, raws li zoo raws li lub adverbial muab sib txawv ntxwv: "ib tug muaj lus zoo siab milkman", "lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub vaj." Ua-kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim thaum ib tug me lo lus nyob muaj nuj nqis tshaj plaws "ua noble", "ib tug kilogram ntawm qhob cij," "hnub ntawm lig caij nplooj zeeg." Hais tias yog dab tsi science kawm lub syntax.