Yuav ua li cas yog lub methodological txheej txheem? Hom thiab cais qhia hom kev kawm. Qhia hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv

Methodological txoj kev yog txhais los ntawm Greek txhais tau tias "kev xaiv mus cuag lub hom phiaj no." Qhov no tej system ntawm sib xyaw tshwm sim los ua ntawm tub kawm ntawv thiab cov xib fwb, ua tsaug rau uas muaj tag nrho cov assimilation ntawm tshiab qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas.

theoretical cov me nyuam yaus

Qhia hom kev kawm yog multifaceted thiab ntau txoj tswvyim. Qhia science tsis muaj ib yam ib tug mus kom ze rau lub cim kev. Txawv sau phau ntawv muaj cov nram qab kev kawm txoj kev:

• zaj dabneeg;
• kev sib tham;
• ua hauj lwm nrog cov phau ntawv nyeem;
• laboratory xyaum;
• piav;
• tswj kev ua hauj lwm;
• ib ce muaj zog;
• kev;
• ua qauv qhia;
• ntau hom ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas (frontal, ib tug neeg, sau ntawv);
• ib ce muaj zog.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua methodological txoj kev muaj ntau ntau ntau yam, mus pab tiv nrog tej didactic paub tab.

qhia hom kev kawm

Qhia hom kev kawm uas siv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv tus kws qhia ntawv, kev noj mus rau hauv tus account tus neeg yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv, xws li ib txoj kev kawm kev sib kho. Tau txais ib feem ntawm tus qauv. Nyob rau hauv tus kws qhia ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab universities tag nrho cov yav tom ntej cov xib fwb kav tau cov kev ntawm txoj kev tshawb tsim los ntawm qhov kev cov neeg sawv cev ntawm science qhia. Qhia hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv muab nyiaj pab ntau tshaj siv nrig txog kev pom kev qhia pab, nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau ntawm no muaj hnub nyoog.

Ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug phau ntawv

Thaum nyeem cov phau ntawv tso tawm ob peb txoj kev:

• nyeem ntawv ntawv nyeem nrov nrov;
• nqus tau ib txoj kev npaj rau lub nyeem ntawv nyeem;
• Filling nyeem tus txheem ntawm lub rooj;
• xaiv logic hnov ntawv nyeem;
• drafting ib nyuag synopsis;
• xaiv ntawm quotations.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam, cov hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv yuav tsum accomplished los ntawm kev siv ntau hom tswv yim.

Piv txwv li, ua hauj lwm nrog ib phau ntawv, ib txoj kev kawm kev sib kho ua ke compiling paub daws teeb thiab nyeem ntawv nrov nrov, thiab lub lwm tus tub kawm rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem xaiv quotes thiab roos ib tug logic Circuit Court. Ua, hais mav yog explanatory thiab ua piv txwv txoj kev. Xib Fwb nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus tshiab cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm ntawv ntawv, uas lawv muaj kev ywj siab ua hauj lwm.

Yuav ua li cas kuv yuav tsum tau siv cov hom kev kawm thiab cov hau kev

Pedagogical qhia hom kev kawm yog pom tau hais tsuas yog nyob rau kom ntseeg tau txoj kev kawm tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv uas txhais tau tias. Rau laboratory tau txais yuav tsum tau cov khoom, computer technologies - tus kheej lub computer. Kev kawm pab xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau mus txhawb txoj kev kawm. Lawv tau ua ib tug loj lub cuab tam nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub qhia ntawv.

Material kev pab kev kawm

Cov no muaj xws saib: kev, sau, cov qauv; qhia pab, qhia cov ntaub ntawv.

Materialized los ntawm txoj kev gestures thiab ntsej muag kab zauv hais tias, hais lus, tham, txawj ntse, kev ua hauj lwm rau kev ua si.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm cov nyiaj yog txiav txim los ntawm lawv cov didactic yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, thaum qhia cov Science News for KIDS, tus kws qhia ntawv siv cov qauv qhia xyaum ua tej yam nyob rau theem ntawm kev kawm cov khoom tshiab. Yuav kom sau cov kis tau paub thiab kev txawj, cov me nyuam yuav muaj tswv yim thiab kuaj ua hauj lwm.

zog

Kawm cov cuab yeej siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tsev kawm ntawv, ua ob peb zog.

1. Nyiaj pab rau alleviate txoj kev kawm, kev pab yuav tau lub hom phiaj no nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub sij hawm thiab lub cev dag zog.
2. Coj yuav pab kom cov xib fwb qhia ntawv los txheeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia tus neeg thiab muaj hnub nyoog peculiarities ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais dej siab tej yam kev mob rau lub harmonious kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam, cov creation ntawm tej yam kev mob rau lub koom haum sab nraud ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.
3. Tuav yuav siv ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm tutorials, video, projection khoom, khoom siv sim.
4. Kev koom ua ke yog lub totality ntawm lub kawm phenomena thiab cov khoom, txheeb xyuas qhov xwm thiab thaj chaw ntawm dab los yog kev cai.

Txais tos "zigzag"

Qhov no methodological txoj kev no yog tsim rau tej qhov chaw yog tsim nyog rau cov me sij hawm ncej kom kawm tau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm nyob rau hauv ntau kev kawm rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej ntsiab lus yog muab ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov xuaj moos. Yuav kom tau mus nrog cov zaj lus qhia xav kom muaj ntau yam paragraphs, kom pab cov xib fwb tuaj xwb xws li kev qhia hom kev kawm. Lub tsev kawm ntawv "zigzag" tso cai rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Khoom nqis nyob rau hauv kev sib tham sib kev, tus kws qhia ntawv tsis muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv ib tug turnkey tov, nws nrhiav yuav siv sij hawm me nyuam kawm ntawv lawv tus kheej. Cov kev yog methodical kev txawj ntse rau cov pab pawg neeg. Muaj yog ib tug mobilization ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, lawv kawm ua hauj lwm ua ke los nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub ntsiab lub tswv yim, npaj ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm "zigzag" haum cov hom kev qhia hom kev kawm, raws li "txoj kev ntxhuav", "tsab ntawv", "pawg".

Lub hom phiaj ntawm tau txais ib tug "zigzag" - haum ntawm ib tug loj reservoir ntawm cov khoom tshiab. Chiv, cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv muab faib ua ob peb cais qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv uas tau txheeb xyuas ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev kawm ntawv pab pawg, txhua tus naj npawb ntawm cov me nyuam tsis pub tshaj 5-6 cov neeg. Lawv suav hais tias "thawj" blocks. Cov khoom tshiab yog muab faib ua raws li ntau qhov chaw raws li yuav tsum tau koom tes nrog rau hauv txhua thaiv.

Thaum xaiv cov loj npaum li cas hauv cov ntawv nyeem, koj yuav nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv thawj pab pawg neeg ntawm mus txog 6-7 tus neeg. Lawv muaj cov me nyuam tib yam cov ntawv nyeem. Txhua pab neeg tau txais nws numbered zaj. Tom ntej no, ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tus menyuam kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm ib lub zuj zus, nws yuav ua rau siv txoj kev. Nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog kom tau high-zoo "nyem" tawm ntawm cov lus no. Txoj kev thiab qhia hom kev kawm xws li ua hauj lwm tsis yog tas rau tus xibfwb. Koj yuav ua tau ib tug tswvyim ua lub rooj, kos ib pawg.

Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nqa tawm pab pawg neeg ua hauj lwm. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub "lug txhawb cov miv", ib tug kws muaj txuj pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev yuav tsum tau sau hais mav ua hauj lwm nrog ntau tawg tsam ntawm tib phau ntawv. Txais tos yog nqa tawm cov kev sib tham. Hais mav hloov lawv views, cov hauj lwm, xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm nws "daim" ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Raws li ib tug ntxiv kev sib tw, cov xib fwb muaj yuav ua rau zaj ntawm cov lus nug mus rau lwm yam hais mav, nws yog tseeb seb cov khoom kawm. Tom ntej no, rov qab mus schoolchildren "qhov blocks", lam xav reflections kauj ruam. Nws qhia ib qho kev nthuav mus rau lwm cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas yog ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem uas yog ua hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam zuj zus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, txhua tus mej zeej ntawm lub pab pawg neeg tau txais ib tug mini-kev nthuav qhia txog cov ntawv nyeem. Raws li cov theem kawg ntawm "zigzag" txoj kev yuav zuag qhia tag nrho kev lag luam ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv. Ib tug ntawm cov kws txawj yuav nthuav lawv ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, cov ntawv nyeem yog rov rau luag xyuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm "colleague" tsim nyog qhuas lwm yam "kws txawj" los ntawm tib lub pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau theem ntawm thiaj yog siv los xaiv cov presentations uas feem ntau mus siv cuag mus cim, ntshiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov xa khoom.

Tej kev qhia hom kev kawm kindergarten discount nyob rau hauv Lite embodiment. Muaj me nyuam yaus yog tseem muab faib ua tej pawg neeg, tab sis lawv yeej xav kom tsis ntawv nyeem thiab ib feem ntawm cov duab loj loj. Piv txwv li, piv txwv txog cov "fairy taleas txog turnip" yog muab faib ua ob peb cais dluab. Ib tug me nyuam twg thiaj li raug turnip duab, tus thib ob ntawm nws yawg, peb pog, tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv plaub, tsib kab, rau miv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ua ke lawv yuav tsum xa cov hais mav los ntawm lwm yam tsev npaj version ntawm tus naas ej fairy taleas tag nrho.

Txais tos "collector"

Tej txoj kev kawm thiab kev qhia txoj kev yog haum rau kev sib tham sib kev kawm ntawv. "Collector" yog zoo nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau lub assimilation ntawm tshiab qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nws yog ib tug universal txoj kev, vim nws yog Attendance zoo rau technology zaj lus qhia, thiab Science News for KIDS. Major mus ntawm cov qauv no yog tsim kom muaj metasubject thiab interdisciplinary kev sib txuas, qhia tau ntawm kev siv kev paub tshiab los mus piav qhia cov commonplace.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum sau sau. Nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau cov zaj lus qhia lawv tau raug muab rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm mus sau cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj cov nyiaj ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam khoom yog ze ze rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus qhia. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm "International Relations ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation" nyob rau hauv geography, hais mav mus txawv teb chaws ntawv thiab cov ntawv. Lawv glued mus rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb album, thiab nyob rau hauv tus qauv npaj daim ntawv qhia kos tag nrho cov voj voog ntawm lub teb chaws, uas Russia twb mas cov khoom.

Rau xws li ib tug kwv, xws li ntaub ntawv, sib sau ua ke ib tug sau ntawm portraits ntawm paj huam thiab sau ntawv los yog cov cim uas tsim los ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau biology ntawm cov tub hluas tsim ib tug sau ntawm nplooj ntawm ntau yam ntoo, algae, noog, plaub, thiab li ntawm. D.

Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam tom ntej zaj lus qhia rau ib tug qauv, tag nrho cov nyob yam khoom uas raug tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug album. Txhua qauv tau yuav tsum tau piav qhia. Yog hais tias cov khoom yog txuam nrog rau Science News for KIDS, lam xav lub npe ntawm cov khoom, nws cov tshuaj mis, tau, tseem ceeb rau cov tib neeg, tsis zoo tus yam ntxwv.

Qhov thib peb theem yog mus ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug sau koj tsim ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv. Kev loj hlob ntawm methodological le caag ntawm no hom yog qib siab rau kho cov khoom tshiab thiab cov generalization ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse mas yuav kis tau los ntawm schoolchildren. Cov zaj lus qhia yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub paj hlwb-ntiv nplhaib, ib lub lag luam kev ua si, auction. Cov chav kawm ntawv no tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb pawg, txhua ua ib tug kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus sau los npaj. Tus kws qhia ntawv tau txais ib tug "lawm" nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem no raws li ib tug npaj txhij siv los yog tag nrho cov sau, lawv yuav muaj peev xwm siv nws thaum ua hauj lwm nrog rau lwm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv.

Txais tos "Ntse nplhaib"

Nws yog dav siv rau lub tu tub tu kiv ntawm kev txawj ntse. Nws yuav siv tau los nqa tawm ib daim ntawv ntsuam ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tsis tsuas muaj me tub cov nqis khoom, tab sis kuj muaj ib qho associative muaj tswv yim kev xav, logic chains muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim kom muaj dhau ntawm cov duab thiab cov kev paub tshiab. Rau siab ntso nrhiav "ntse nplhaib" yuav ua tau tej zaj lus qhia thaum lub sij hawm muab kho dua ntawm uas twb muaj lawm kev txawj ntse, kev npaj rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov khoom tshiab, raws li tau zoo raws li rau lub ntsab lug lub ntsiab. Nws essence lies nyob rau hauv lub sawv cev ntawm tus me nyuam raws li ib tug "boxer". Nws muaj los mas ib tug tej yam naj npawb ntawm "hits", precisely ntau, cov lus nug hais los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv thiab lwm yam cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub npe. Xav txog cov lus teb tiamsis nws tsuas muaj 3-5 vib nas this. Qhov kev thov "boxer" cov lus nug koom nrog lo lus teb. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau tus xib fwb kom sai ua ib daim ntawv ntsuam, tshawb xyuas cov theem ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv npaj, muab tso rau nws muaj kev ntsuam xyuas. Yog muaj lus nug yuav ua tau playful daim ntawv no, ces nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub cov neeg kho tshuab nco, tus xib fwb yuav muaj peev xwm mus paub thiab degree ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm lub npe. Yog muaj lus nug peev xwm yuav tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov charades, anagram, homonyms. Math lus nug tej zaum yuav hloov los ntawm ib lub qhov ncauj account, comic learn. Nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS chav kawm ntawv cov me nyuam yog xav kom kho kom raug nyob rau hauv cov qauv los mus txiav txim tus sau los ntawm txoj cai.

Txais tos "Khiav Association"

Nws yog suav tias yog ib tug active tej kev. Siv nws mus npaj nrhiav kev txawj ntse los ntawm muab piv cov lus tshiab qhia nrog twb nrhiav kev. Nkag raws li nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub subconscious sensual kheej. Cov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm "khiav lub koom haum" yuav ib tug muaj zog uptake ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab txug kev ntxiv kev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm. Rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov tshooj lus nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv yuav muab tso rau lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev ua. Tus kws qhia ntawv faib cov chav kawm ntawv mus rau hauv officers. Ces teem lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm zaj lus qhia. Tus me nyuam npe 2-3 lus, tham nws nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv, "khiav lub koom haum" no yog tsim rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub "vajvoog" lub ntsiab. Tus kws qhia ntawv qhia tau hais tias cov me nyuam puag ncig yam khoom. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog supplemented los ntawm ib cov zajlus kom saw pib los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv. Yog hais tias zaj lus qhia no yuav muaj kev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov qauv ntawm cov "khiav lub koom haum" kuj yuav pab kom cov xib fwb qhia ntawv kom tiv nrog kev pab raws qib. chav kawm ntawv pab neeg no yog muab faib ua officers. Ib tug me nyuam hu ob lo lus unconnected. Cov kev sib tw rau lub thib ob tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yog kos tawm lawv kab lus nyob rau hauv uas cov lus yuav tsum txawj txuas.

Ib suam ntawm kev qhia hom kev kawm uas siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kawm, muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv. Lub hauv paus rau lub division ntawm xaiv txawv lub sij hawm, muab lub tseem ntawm cov kev kawm, cov hom kev kawm kev sib kho. Methodical hom kev kawm yuav tsum tau zoo thiab zoo siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm. Cov tub txawg ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv ntau theem ntawm cov zaj lus qhia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev paub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas hloov dramatically. Thaum xub thawj, cov hais mav yog tau nco ntsoov txog 60 feem pua, los ntawm 4 mus rau 23 feeb zaug, lawv yuav kawm 90% ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 23 mus 34 nco ntsoov ib nrab xwb paub. Peb paub li no statistic, tus xib fwb yuav tsim lawv methodical system ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.

xaus

Yuav ua li cas muab los xav thaum xaiv qhia hom kev kawm? Kws txawj hais tias cov theem ntawm kev kawm yog ncaj qha txog lub sij hawm ntawm ib hnub. Piv txwv li, complex ntaub ntawv cov me nyuam kawm tau zoo los ntawm 11 mus rau 13 teev. Ib txhia rov qab efficiency ntawm senior cov menyuam kawm ntawv ua kev zoo siab rau hnub Saturday, vim hais tias tag nrho cov tab tom nrhiav rau pem hauv ntej mus rau lub tom ntej weekend. Selectable qhia hom kev kawm yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm zoo nrig txog kev pom cov ntaub ntawv, niaj hnub kev chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj ib tug tag nrho cov tswv yim thaum lub sij hawm kawm zaug ntawm cov me nyuam thiab cov xib fwb. Rau siab tshaj plaws zoo ntawm thov qhia txoj kev, lawv yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kawm ntawv txhais tau tias. By xaiv qhia hom kev kawm, cov kws qhia ntawv yog tab tom nrhiav rau cov uas yuav pab txhawb cov miv sab cov tub ntxhais kawm rau assimilate cov khoom tshiab. Piv txwv li, rau cov xib fwb ntawm Science News for KIDS thiab physics yog los ze zog tsim thiab kev tshawb fawb txoj kev. Lub specifics ntawm cov khoom no yog xws li hais tias yuav ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ntawv ua tom tsev. Rau lub cev kev kawm ntawv cov xib fwb yog haum rau yuav luag tag nrho txoj kev ntawm kev kawm nyob rau txhua theem ntawm zaj lus qhia, koj muaj peev xwm siv daim ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawv technologies.