Leeuwenhoek tshuab kuaj kab mob. Tus thawj tshuab

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws medieval invention muab ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Los ntawm txoj kev ntaus ntawv no muaj peev xwm mus saib tau tus qauv, invisible rau lub qhov muag. Nws pab shape cov kev cai ntawm lub cell tshawb xav, nws tau tsim lub sij hawm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm microbiology. Ntxiv mus, tus thawj tshuab kuaj kab mob tau ua lub cav ntawm creation ntawm tshiab mas mikroskopiruyut pab kiag li lawm. Lawv los ua seev los ntawm kev uas cov neeg yuav saib cov atom.

Keeb kwm cov lus qhia txog tus thawj tshuab

Obviously, lub tshuab kuaj kab - yog ib tug txawv txawv ntsuas. Thiab yog dab tsi yog ceeb yog lub fact tias nws yog invented nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws txiv yog suav tias yog Antoni Van Levenguk. Tab sis tsis muaj detracting los ntawm txoj hauj lwm zoo ntawm ib tus paub txog, kuv xav hais tias cov thawj ntaus ntawv tsim mikroskopiruyut los yog Galileo (1609), los yog Hans thiab Xakhalis nkawd zoo Yanseny (1590). Txawm li cas los, rau yav dhau los heev me ntsis cov lus qhia raws li hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov invention.

Vim li no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Hans thiab Zahariya Yansenov yog tsis npaum li cas tiag raws li cov thawj tshuab kuaj kab mob. Ib tug nqis tsim tawm ntaus ntawv yuav mus rau Galileo Galilei. Nws ntaus ntawv yog ib tug ua ke unit nrog ib tug yooj yim eyepiece thiab ob lo ntsiab muag. Qhov no tshuab kuaj kab mob no yog hu ua ib tug puas teeb. Tom qab ntawd Kornelius Drebbel (1620) hloov no tsim muaj.

Thaj, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Galileo yuav mus txuas ntxiv yog hais tias qhov Antoni Van Levenguk nyob rau hauv 1665 tau tsis luam tawm ib tug ua hauj lwm rau lub tshuab kuaj kab. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws hais txog kev muaj sia nyob uas tau pom nws siv nws yooj yim ib leeg-lens tshuab kuaj kab mob. Qhov no txoj kev loj hlob thiab ingeniously yooj yooj yim thiab incredibly complex nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Leeuwenhoek tshuab kuaj kab mob, ua ntej ntawm nws lub sij hawm

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek lub tshuab kuaj kab mob - ib tug khoom uas muaj ib tug bronze phaj nrog ib tug lens txuas thereto, thiab mounting kho vajtse. Tus ntaus ntawv yooj yim fits nyob rau hauv lub tes, tab sis hides ib extraordinary hwj chim: nws yog ua tau rau kom cov chaw nyob rau hauv lub 275-500 lub sij hawm. Qhov no twb tiav los ntawm cov installation ntawm ib tug plano-convex lens yog me me nyob rau hauv loj. Thiab zoo li txaus, mus txog rau thaum xyoo 1970, ua physicists yuav tsis tau paub tseeb yuav ua li cas teem xws Leeuwenhoek magnifiers.

Yav tas los nws twb assumed tias lub lens rau ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob polished machined. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yuav tsum tau ntawm zoo kawg li rau siab thiab huab siab precision. Nyob rau hauv 1970 nws muaj ib tug hypothesis uas Leeuwenhoek smelted lo ntsiab muag ntawm lub khob fiber. Nws heats nws, thiab ces polished seem, uas tau txuas mus rau ib tug iav nco. Nws yog twb ntau ntau yooj yim thiab ceev, txawm tias nws twb tsis tau muaj pov thawj tau: tus tswv ntawm qhov seem uas tshuab kuaj kab mob Leeuwenhoek tsis tau muab kev tso cai rau thwmsim. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj kev koj yuav sau Leeuwenhoek tshuab kuaj kab mob txawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv Leeuwenhoek lub tshuab kuaj kab mob

khoom qauv yog yooj yim heev, uas hais txog nws yooj yim rau siv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws siv yog tsis tshua muaj neeg yooj yim vim hais tias ntawm lub uncertainty lub focal ntev ntawm lub lens. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej koj xaiv qhov ntev lub sij hawm tsim nyog rau zoom nyob rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm qhov kev kuaj ntaus ntawv los ntawm lub cutoff. Thiab nws txiav nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub tswm ciab thiab cov lens, uas yuav pab kom lub microstructure. Thiab lawv ua pom mus rau tus tib neeg lub qhov muag.

Specifications ntawm lub tshuab kuaj kab Leeuwenhoek

Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub thwmsim, qhov kev nce rau Leeuwenhoek lub tshuab kuaj kab mob yog amazing, yam tsawg kawg nws muaj ntau zog 275 lub sij hawm. Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg hais tias tus ua microscopist Nrab Hnub nyoog tsim ib tug ntaus ntawv uas tso cai rau kom tau 500 lub sij hawm. Science tseeb qhia daim duab nyob rau hauv 1500, tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis muaj kev siv ntawm immersion roj. Lawv tsuas tsis tau ua ib ke.

Cuaj kaum Leeuwenhoek teem lub suab nrov rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau sciences thiab pom tau hais tias lub qhov muag pom tsis yog tag nrho. Muaj yog ib tug microcosm, invisible rau peb. Thiab muaj ntau ntau exciting. Los ntawm lub qhov siab ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias soj ntsuam yog prophetically txoj cai. Thiab Leeuwenhoek tshuab kuaj kab mob hnub no, uas yog nyob rau hauv qab daim duab, yog pom tias yog ib lub xyaw ntawm science.

Ib txhia hypotheses txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshuab kuaj kab

Muaj ntau zaum tam sim no ntseeg tau hais tias Leeuwenhoek lub tshuab kuaj kab mob twb tsis tau tsim los ntawm kev kos. Lawm, zaum paub ib co lus tseeb hais txog lub hav zoov uas Galileo Optics. Txawm li cas los, nrog cov invention, lub Italian twb tsis muaj zoo sib xws. Lwm yam historians ntseeg tau hais tias Leeuwenhoek coj raws li ib lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Hans thiab Zahariya Yansenov. Hais txog qhov tseeb tshuab kuaj kab mob, heev me ntsis yog paub.

Txij li thaum Hans thiab nws tus tub Zachary ua hauj lwm rau zus tau tej cov tsom iav, lawv txoj kev loj hlob, es, yog zoo li tus invention ntawm Galileo Galilei. Leeuwenhoek tshuab kuaj kab mob yog ib tug ntaus ntawv ntau npaum li cas haib, txij li thaum nws tso cai rau koj mus zoom nyob rau hauv 275-500 lub sij hawm. Xws li ib tug hwj chim tivthaiv teeb rub kom pom loj thiab Jansen, thiab Galileo muaj. Ntxiv mus, vim hais tias ntawm lub ob lo ntsiab muag, thiab lawv tau muaj ob zaug ua ntau kom raug. Thaum zoo li no coj txog 150 s rau compound tshuab ntes tau Leeuwenhoek tshuab kuaj kab mob cov duab zoo thiab muaj peev xwm nce.

Hypothesis txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lo ntsiab muag Leeuwenhoek lub tshuab kuaj kab mob

Keeb kwm qhov chaw ua nws tau mus zaum pem chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus paub txog. Raws li cov Royal Society of England, Leeuwenhoek sau txog 25 rub kom pom loj. nws kuj muaj kev tswj los mus ua kom luag 500 lo ntsiab muag. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu yog vim li cas nws tsis tau tsim kom muaj ntau yam rub kom pom loj, thaj, cov lo ntsiab muag twb tsis muab ib tug zoo nce los yog twb puas. Tsuas 9 Leeuwenhoek rub kom pom loj dim rau niaj hnub lub sij hawm.

Muaj yog ib qho kev nthuav hypothesis, uas lub tshuab kuaj kab Leeuwenhoek yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntuj lens ntawm volcanic keeb kwm. Muaj ntau zaum ntseeg tias nws yog ib tug nco smelted iav rau lawv raug. Lwm tus pom zoo hais tias nws muaj peev xwm mus ntsib tus iav filament thiab lub lens ua tau li ntawd. Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias ntawm lub 500 lo ntsiab muag paub txog kev tswj kom ua tib 25 Microscopes, hais lus tagnrho.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws kov qhia tag nrho peb lo ntsiab muag keeb kwm hypothesis. Thaj, qhov kawg teb yog tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau txais tsis muaj thwmsim. Tab sis ntseeg hais tias tsis muaj tus muaj cov high-precision xab seev thiab ib tug sib tsoo tshuab nws muaj peev xwm mus tsim tau ib tug haib lens, nws yog heev yooj yim.

Tsim ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob Leeuwenhoek tsev

Muaj coob tus neeg tseem tabtom mus ntsuam xyuas ib co hypotheses txog lub keeb kwm ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag ntse ua tshuab kuaj kab mob Leeuwenhoek nyob rau hauv tsev. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ib tug yooj yim cawv burner yaj ib tug nyias iav xov, kom txog rau thaum nws yuav tsis poob. Nws yuav tsum txias, tom qab uas nws yuav tsum tau sanded nrog ib tug (opposite rau lub kheej kheej nto) sab.

Sib Tsoo los ua ib tug plano-convex lens uas muaj raws li qhov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm microscopy. Nws kuj yuav ua rau kom kwv yees li 200-275 lub sij hawm. Tom qab tsuas yuav tau txhim kho nws rau ib tug khoom kos thiab xav txog cov khoom ntawm kev txaus siab. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib qho teeb meem: heev convex lens kawg yuav tsum tau them mus rau lub kawm substance. Soj ntsuam thaum saib ib tug ca saum npoo ntawm lub lens. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yuav tsum tau siv tshuab kuaj kab mob. Leeuwenhoek, xyuas ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Society of uas nyob rau ib lub sij hawm muab nws nrog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub koob npe nrov, feem ntau yuav, uas yog tsim thiab thov nws tsim muaj.