Teeb meem nyob rau hauv philosophy

Lub tswvyim ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv philosophy pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau hauv lub ancient lub sij hawm. Lwm Greek philosopher Democritus twb pom hais tias nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm qhov teeb meem yog heev yooj yim sua kom piav qhia txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov lwm yam.

Teeb meem nyob rau hauv philosophy

Tib neeg kev txawj ntse nws thiaj li zoo tuaj, paub to taub txog cov qauv ntawm lub cev. Zaum tau pom tias lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov atoms, uas yog ib tug tsi ntawm heev me me "bricks." Discrete daim ntawv qhia txog lub ntiaj teb no muaj kom txog thaum txog qhov kawg ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo dhau - ces tab tom muaj tuaj raws li ib tug kev sis raug zoo ntawm discrete (qhov tsawg tshaj plaws) ntawm particulate teeb meem.

Ib me ntsis tom qab, lawv qhib ib tug kiag li cov lus tshiab qhia txog atoms. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hais tias lawv tsis yog yooj yim hais (electron yog sab) thiab heev tham nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov hais tias muaj lus qhia tshiab, muab lub sij hawm los mus xyuas lub tswvyim ntawm txawv teb. Nco qab hais tias tus thawj teb no yog ntaus nqi raws li qhov chaw ib ncig ib tug kwv. Qhov no tsis nqe rau kev txawj ntse uas qhov teeb meem yog ib yam khoom uas raws li ib tug teb dab tsi ib yam dab tsi ntawm tshuaj attribute.

Tom qab ntawd nws twb muaj pov thawj hais tias daim teb no - yog tsis tsuas ib tug kwv attribute, tab sis kuj muaj ib co neeg sab nraud muaj tiag. Ua ke nrog cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw teb ua ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem. Qhov no yog nws daim ntawv ntawm cov rooj saab laaj es discontinuity ua lub ntsiab feature.

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm qhov teeb meem:

- self-lub koom haum;

- lub xub ntiag ntawm cov lus tsa suab;

- muaj peev xwm ua;

- Kev pab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw.

Lub ntsiab ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem feeb muaj xws li:

- cov tsiaj qus;

- haiv neeg;

- cov tsiaj qus.

Tej teeb meem, muaj peev xwm rau nws tus kheej lub koom haum - uas yog tau rau cov me nyuam nws tus kheej tsis muaj lwm cov rog. Fluctuation - ib tug random hloov thiab oscillations uas yog xam qhovkev teeb meem. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog siv los piav qhia txog nws internal hloov. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev pauv tseem ceeb nws thiaj li nws puv mus rau lwm lub, tshiab kiag li lub xeev. Hloov, tej zaum nws yuav tuag kiag los yog tseem yuav tau sau thiab mus txuas ntxiv ua ib ke.

Western cov haiv neeg yog lom zem ntau inclined rau idealism. Qhov no yuav ua tau piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias materialism feeb txuam nrog tiag tiag cov neeg kho tshuab conception ntawm qhov teeb meem. Qhov teeb meem no yog solvable ua tsaug rau dialectical materialism, lub tswvyim uas yog xaiv cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm txoj kev paub ntawm tej yam ntuj tso science, nws muab nws txhais, eliminates qhov xav tau rau kev sib txuas lus nrog tus neeg saib xyuas.

Teeb meem nyob rau hauv philosophy - nws yog ib yam dab tsi uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej tshuab thiab lug, cov uas muaj tsis muaj kev txwv. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov teeb meem tsis muaj thawj, thiab structureless unchanged substance. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom muaj ib tug mauj lub koom haum, raws li zoo raws li lub internal ordering. Cov thawj thiaj li los nyob rau hauv lub sis ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov teeb meem, raws li tau zoo raws li cov qauv ntawm lawv lub zog. Vim li no, tag nrho cov ntawm cov ntsiab tsim ib tug system.

Space thiab lub sij hawm - yog universal ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm qhov teeb meem. Nws universal zog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm nws lub neej.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv philosophy

Lenin muab txhais ntawm qhov teeb meem, raws li nyob rau hauv nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog nco qab. Nws pom qhov teeb meem raws li ib tug qeb uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug, puas qhia, tab sis rau tag nrho cov uas tau tshwm sim heev ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm lawv.

Teeb meem nyob rau hauv philosophy es unusually pom nyob rau hauv dialectical materialism. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tswvyim ntawm nws yog tsis xav txuas rau cov lus nug hais txog nws cov qauv thiab cov qauv.

Nyob rau hauv dialectical materialism , muaj ob kev txiav txim uas perechat yooj yim lub tswvyim ntawm teeb meem ntawm philosophy:

- tsis yog txhua txhua ces teeb meem yuav muab nyob rau hauv nov ntawm nqaij tawv;

- qhov teeb meem yuav txiav txim los ntawm lub siab, thiab ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no kev sib raug zoo yuav ua si nws tawm.

Nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm dialectical materialism:

- nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm leej niam yog muab tsis tau tsuas yog ncaj qha tab sis kuj kov. Ib tug neeg coj tsis tau nws kiag li, raws li yog txwv nyob rau hauv nws muaj peev xwm rhiab;

- teeb meem nyob rau hauv philosophy yog infinite thiab yog nws tus kheej-txaus. Vim li no, nws tsis tau nws tus kheej paub.

Lub tswvyim ntawm teeb meem raws li ib yam ntawm cov hom phiaj kev muaj tiag nyob rau hauv dialectical materialism characterizes nws tsuas tshuaj uas muaj ntau thaj chaw ntawm nws lub tsev kev cai, kev loj hlob, muaj zog thiab muaj nuj nqi.