Thee: cov kev siv thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam ib yam dab tsi ntau indispensable rau noob neej dua thee. Nws siv yog li ntawd multifunctional hais tias tej zaum cia li xav tsis thoob li. Thaum muaj tej lub sij hawm, unintentionally tsis ntseeg creeps nyob rau hauv, thiab cov suab heev zajlus kom lo lus nug nyob rau hauv kuv lub taub hau: "Dab tsi? Nws tag nrho cov thee?! ". Tag nrho accustomed mus rau kev xav ntawm thee tsuas combustible cov ntaub ntawv uas, tab sis, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv sau npe nws yog li ntawd ntau hais tias nws mas zoo kawg.

Cov tsim thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov thee nqaws

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm thee nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no belongs rau lub nyob deb Paleozoic era, thaum lub ntiaj chaw yog tseem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob theem thiab yog kiag li alien hom rau peb. Tsim thee nqaws pib txog 360.000.000 xyoo dhau los. Qhov no tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau sediments ntawm prehistoric dej, qhov chaw uas lab ntawm xyoo sau organic khoom.

Cias muab, thee - nws yog qhov seem ntawm lub cev ntawm giant tsiaj ntoo thiab lwm yam uas muaj sia nyob uas tog rau hauv qab, uas yog corrupted thiab nias nyob rau hauv cov dej kem. Tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm deposits yog nej ntev, thiab rau cov tsim ntawm cov thee leeg yuav tsum tau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 40.000.000 xyoo.

Extraction ntawm thee

Cov neeg ntev dhau los pom tau hais yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb thiab irreplaceable thee, zog thiab daim ntawv thov raws li nws yuav soj ntsuam thiab hloov mus rau xws li ib tug loj scale ntev los no. Loj-scale txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov thee deposits pib xwb nyob rau hauv lub XVI-XVII centuries. nyob rau hauv ces, thiab lub rho cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv mas rau npua hlau tsim nyog rau cov phom. Tab sis nws cov los ntawm hnub no tus qauv yog li ntawd tsis tseem ceeb txaus hais tias nws cov lag luam yuav tsis muab suav hais tias.

Loj-scale lawm pib xwb ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Thaum Industrialization pib tsim cia li xav tau thee. Nws siv, txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb tag heev dua lwm yam rau combustion. Niaj hnub no, pua pua txhiab tus mines khiav lag luam ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, ib hnub twg tsuas ntau tshaj ib tug ob peb xyoos nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo.

Hom ntawm thee

Deposits ntawm thee nqaws yuav ncav cuag depths ntawm ob peb kilometers, ncab ib ce tawm mus rau hauv sab hauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis tsis yeej ib txwm thiab tsis qhov txhia chaw, vim hais tias nws yog ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov tsos heterogeneous hom.

Nws muaj 3 yam ntawm cov pob txha: Anthracite, lignite, thiab peat, uas yog heev vaguely reminiscent ntawm thee.

1. Anthracite yog tus hiob muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm no zoo, qhov nruab nrab muaj hnub nyoog ntawm no tsiaj yog 280.000.000 xyoo. Nws yog ib heev nyuaj, muaj kev kub ceev thiab cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm 96-98%.

2. Hardness thiab ceev ntawm lub xim av thee yog tus me me li zoo raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv nws. Nws muaj lub tsis ruaj tsis khov, xoob qauv thiab kuj noo nrog dej, cov ntsiab lus ntawm uas nws yuav mus txog li 20%.

3. Peat kuj raug hu ua variants ntawm thee, tab sis muaj tseem tsis tau tsim, yog li ntawd rau thee, nws muaj tsis muaj dab tsi.

Thaj chaw ntawm cov thee

Nws yog tam sim no tsis yooj yim xav txog tej yam lwm yam ntaub ntawv pab tau ntau thiab cov tswv yim tshaj thee, qhov yooj yim zog thiab cov kev siv uas twb co menyuam. Vim hais tias nws muaj tej yam tshuaj thiab cov tebchaw, nws yog tsuas indispensable nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev niaj hnub lub neej.

Cov feem ntawm cov thee yog raws li nram no:

• nruab nrab volatiles cov ntsiab lus nce mus txog 35-40%;

• nruab nrab tshauv cov ntsiab lus tsis pub tshaj 15-18%;

• nruab nrab dej cov ntsiab lus yog hom twg los ntawm 12-15%;

• nruab nrab caloric cov ntsiab lus sib npaug zos rau 5500-7000 kcal / kg.

Tag nrho cov Cheebtsam thiab ua cov thee, cov kev siv thiab cov kev siv uas yog cov multi-functional. Nrov heev nthe tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov thee, muab ib tug sai ignition tom kawm tau ntawm siab kub. Cov dej cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov thee ua simplifies calorie cov ntsiab lus yuav ua rau nws ib tug indispensable siv nyob rau hauv pharmaceuticals thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshauv nws tus kheej yog ib tug tseem ceeb mineral khoom.

Kev siv cov thee nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no

Ntau daim ntaub ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov. Thee yog Ameslikas tsuas qhov chaw ntawm tshav kub, ces lub hwj huam (muab cov dej mus rau chav) tam sim no nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov possibilities yog unlimited thee.

Thermal zog los ntawm lub combustion ntawm thee yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv hluav taws xob hauv therefrom manufactured coke tshuaj cov khoom zoo tu qab tso kua roj. Thee - lub xwb tsiaj nyob rau hauv uas impurities muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tshua muaj co xws li germanium thiab gallium. Vim hais tias nws yog muab rho tawm coke cub gas, ua ces mus rau benzene, uas yog cais los ntawm coumarone cob, extending nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua txhua yam ntawm cov xim tsev, lacquers, roj hmab thiab linoleum. Tau los ntawm cov thee , uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons, phenols thiab pyridine bases. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cov thee pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua vanadium, graphite, sulfur, molybdenum, zinc, hlau thiab lub plurality ntawm tseem thiab yog tam sim no tseem ceeb cov khoom.