Tomas Karleyl: ib tug biography, tsab ntawv. Quotes thiab sayings ntawm Thomas Carlyle

Tomas Karleyl (Hlis ntuj nqeg 4, 1795 - Lub ob hlis ntuj 5, 1881) - Scottish txawj sau ntawv, essayist, historian thiab philosopher, popularizer thiab ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm tshwj xeeb artistic style thiab philosophy ntawm cov keeb kwm ntaub ntawv - "Cult heroes". Ib tug heev nrov stylist Victorian era. Nws muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau kev cai lij choj xav.

tsev neeg

Yug nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm Calvinist James Carlyle thiab nws ob tus poj niam, Dzhanet Aytken, yog tus hlob ntawm cuaj cov me nyuam (pictured Thomas niam). Kuv txiv yog ib tug bricklayer, ces ib tug me me liaj ua teb. Nws twb fwm rau firmness thiab kev ywj pheej. Nyaum tsos, nws muaj ib tug zoo lub plawv. Tsev Neeg ties Carlyle twb unusually muaj zog, thiab Thomas koom rau nws txiv nrog zoo sib hwm, raws li reflected nyob rau hauv nws memoirs. Nws yeej ib txwm muaj feem ntau cov kev sib tw uas txoj kev xav rau nws niam thiab nws yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus cov kwv tij.

kev kawm

Cov niam txiv tsis muaj ntau yam kev pab, yog li hauv lub xya-xyoo Carlyle twb raug xa mus kawm nyob rau pawg ntseeg lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum nws yog kaum xyoo, nws twb pauv mus rau theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv Annan. Nws nyiam nyiam heev rau fights coj mus rau teeb meem nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis nws tsis ntev pom ib tug muaj zog paj nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm, kev tshoov siab nws txiv los qhia nws pe hawm Vajtswv. Nyob rau hauv 1809 nws nkag mus hauv lub University of Edinburgh. Nws muaj me ntsis kev txaus siab rau nws kev tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv, Sir Dzhona Lesli, uas tom qab ua nws tus zoo phooj ywg.

Nws kuj nyeem ntau. Txawm li cas los, qhov loj tshaj cawv rau nws muaj tsis classical ntaub ntawv thiab tswv yim zoo txhim ntawm nws lub contemporaries. Ib ob peb ntawm hais mav uas yog nrog nws nyob rau hauv tib txoj hauj lwm, pom nws raws li ib tug kev txawj ntse thawj coj, thiab lawv xov xwm no qhia cov kev txawj tastes. Nyob rau hauv 1814, Carlyle tseem npaj los ua ib tug pov thawj, nws tau txais ib tug Master of Mathematics degree los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Annan, nws tso cai rau nws mus cawm ib tug me ntsis nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1816 nws raug tsa ua ib tug lecturer nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Kirkland.

ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntsoog

Nyob rau hauv 1818, Carlyle tau txiav txim siab los tso tseg rau ntawm sab ntsuj plig ua hauj lwm. Nws tsis tau piav qhia txog lub ntsiab lus dab tsi tshwm sim rau leej twg muaj transformations, tab sis nws yog cuab kev lub siab xav mus tso tseg rau dogmatic views ntawm sab ntsuj plig mentors, lawv yeej ib txwm heev hwm. Tej lub sij hawm atheism ciali tib txoj kev tawm, tab sis nws yog heev disgusted nrog nws. Tag nrho cov no tau coj Carlyle mus rau ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntsoog uas nws muaj peev xwm los mus kov yeej tsuas yog tom qab sau ntawv «SartorResartus. Lub neej thiab kev xav ntawm Mr. Teyfelsdreka "nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1821. Nws tsav tsheb tus ntsuj plig ntawm negation, thiab txij li thaum qhov xwm ntawm nws kev txom nyem twb hloov mus ib txhis. Qhov no tsis yog "whining" thiab "resentment thiab grim tawv ncauj." Nyob rau hauv 1819 nws tau pib kawm German, uas coj nws mus rau tshiab thiab nthuav acquaintances. Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv German ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov nws nyiam tej hauj lwm ntawm Goethe. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws pom ib lub sij hawm los tsis lees txais antiquated dogma, tsis muaj sinking rau hauv materialism. Lawv tau ntsib thiab corresponded rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Goethe tau hais zoo txog tus neeg txhais lus ntawm nws phau ntawv.

Tej lub neej

Tom qab ib tug ntev restore, nyob rau hauv 1826 Tomas Karleyl sib yuav Jane Baillie Welsh. Nws yog ib tug ntau npaum li cas zoo-off tsev neeg, thiab nws coj nws ob peb xyoo mus khwv tau txaus kom tau kev tso cai rau kev sib yuav. Lawv nyob ua ke rau plaub caug xyoo, mus txog rau thaum txoj kev tuag ntawm Jane. Thawj lub xyoo tom qab lawv sib yuav, lawv nyob rau hauv lub zos, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1834 tau tsiv mus rau London. Poj niam Welch yog childless, uas tom qab coj mus rau quarrels thiab xam khib. Yog ib tug ua tim khawv rau lawv xov xwm. Lawv lub neej yog nyuaj kuj vim hais tias ntawm lub hlwb teeb meem ntawm Carlyle. Nrog zoo siab ntsws xav thiab ib tug taus psyche, nws feem ntau txom nyem los ntawm cov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyuaj siab, insomnia plagued nws, thiab lub suab nrov hu nkauj ntawm cov noog nyob rau hauv lub vaj ntawm nws nyob ze tsav nws vwm. Npau taws heev heev dheev muab txoj kev uas yuav bursts ntawm exaggerated lom zem. Nws CAWM tsuas ntsaub headlong rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Rau no solitude thiab kev thaj yeeb twb xav tau, thiab tshwj xeeb soundproof chav tsev txawm peem rau nyob rau hauv lawv lub tsev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws tus poj niam feem ntau yuav tsum tau nrog tag nrho cov neeg hauv tsev neeg nyias muaj nyias haujlwm ib leeg feem ntau xav tias tso tseg.

txawj ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1830s, Carlyle luam tawm «SartorResartus. Lub neej thiab kev xav ntawm Mr. Teyfelsdreka "nyob rau hauv Fraser magazine. Dua li ntawm qhov tob ntawm philosophical thought, impressive validity ntawm nws cov lus xaus, cov phau ntawv tsis muaj txaus zoo. Nyob rau hauv 1837 nws tau luam tawm nws cov hauj lwm "Nyob rau Fabkis kiv puag ncig", uas tau coj nws zoo tiag tiag. Los ntawm 1837 mus 1840 nws tau muab ob peb lectures, cov uas tsuas muaj ib tug ( "Cult Hero") tau luam tawm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv coj nws cov nyiaj txiag zoo, thiab nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm plaub caug-tsib xyoo, nws tswj los mus ua nyiaj txiag ywj siab. Nws muaj ntau yam cov thwj tim thiab cov thwjtim. Los ntawm 1865 nws los ua rector ntawm lub University of Edinburgh.

Views ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov haiv neeg

Revolutionary mus ob peb vas thiab tag nrho ntawm bitterness era Byron Tomas Karleyl, uas nws biography yog nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm piv txoj moo zoo. Nws hais lus nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo kho. Nyob rau hauv lub sim tawm tsam tus neeg kho tshuab saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, feem ntau ntawm cov kev tswm seeb thiab utilitarianism advocated ib lub neej ntawm lub ntsiab lus, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws, super-ib tug neeg tib neeg qhov tseem ceeb. Offset los ntawm lub dag lub zog ntawm kev ywj pheej tendencies Tomas Karleyl txwv lub cult ntawm heroes. Nws ntseeg hais tias cov haiv neeg thiab lub xeev yuav tsum kav tsuas yog cov uas muaj ib lub siab xav rau conquering lub hwj chim. Kev vam meej yuav ua rau lub hwj chim, tau nyob rau hauv ib tug sib cav ntawm idealism, raws li nyob rau hauv lub qhov pursuit ntawm ntau dua tus kheej lub hom phiaj, thiab nyob rau hauv tus tsis muaj zog thiab txaus ntshai ntawm nws science, uas yog ib tug sib tov ntawm Scottish Puritanism, thiab German idealism.

Nyob rau hauv nom ua tswv, nws ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm raws li ib tug theorist ntawm imperialism, defended lub tswv yim ntawm cov keeb kwm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus Askiv cov neeg mus rau puag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no. Ntawm journalism yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, philosophical thiab keeb kwm reflections "Heroes, hwm lub heroes thiab cov Heroic nyob rau hauv keeb kwm", "Nyob rau Fabkis kiv puag ncig», «SartorResartus. Lub neej thiab kev xav ntawm Mr. Teyfelsdreka "thiab lwm tus neeg.

Philosophical outlook nyob rau lub neej

Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm German Romanticism, povhaum, sab laug Calvinism. Nws fascination nrog cov romantic philosophy twb reflected nyob rau hauv cov neeg txhais lus ntawm cov phau ntawv Goethe "Xyoo Science Vilgelma Meystera" thiab ua hauj lwm "Cov neej ntawm Schiller." nws txawm nta hlo los ntawm Romanticism, saum toj no tag nrho, sib sib zog nqus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm individualism (Byronism).

Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm Carlyle - tus hero, ib tug zoo heev cwm pwm, overcomes nws tus kheej los ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm kev loj hlob, saum toj no tag nrho, kev ncaj ncees. Nyob rau hauv txog qhov zoo ntawm cov ncaj ncees qualities ntawm tus hero ntawm lub kev txawj ntse qhia tau hais tias tus ntawm Puritanism. Contrary rau qhov no, Carlyle kuj blindly coj anthropology Nietzsche.

Xaus ntawm lub neej

Tomas Karleyl, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tuag ob hlis ntuj 5, 1881 nyob rau hauv London. Tom qab cov nom farewell ceremony, nws seem pauv mus rau Scotland, qhov uas nws raug faus nyob rau hauv ib lub tojntxas nrog lawv niam lawv txiv.

Tomas Karleyl: aphorisms thiab quotes

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws aphorisms muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

1. Txhua koj ua tau zoo thaum xub thawj siab ib muag mas, tsis yooj yim sua.
2. Hlub - nws tsis yog tib yam li insanity, tab sis lawv muaj ib tug ntau nyob rau hauv ntau.
3. Yog tsis muaj lub siab yuav tsis muaj diamonds.
4. Ib tug neeg uas xav kom mus ua hauj lwm, tab sis nrhiav tsis tau ib txoj hauj lwm - nws yog tej zaum lub saddest teeb meem no hais rau peb los ntawm txoj hmoo.
5. Rwb thaiv tsev - qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tib neeg txoj kev nyuaj siab.
6. Kuv wealth - tsis yog hais tias kuv muaj, thiab kuv tabtom ua dabtsi.
7. Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua phenomenon pib yog yeej ib txwm lub tseem nco lub sij hawm ntawd.
8. Qia - lub hauv paus thiab lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev ua yuam kev thiab kev txom nyem.
9. Tsis zoo txiv neej nyob rau hauv vain. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - nws yog ib lub biography ntawm kuj zoo kawg cov txiv neej.
10. Endurance - ib tug concentrated ua siab ntev.

Tomas Karleyl, uas nws quotes yog tag nrho kev txawj ntse thiab qhov tob, tshuav ib tug kaj cim tseg nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm philosophical thought.