Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture: cov duab thiab cov kev xyuas. State Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture npe A. V. Schuseva

Lavxias teb sab puas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub keeb kwm thiab lub tam sim no ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Lawv ua li no tsis tau tsuas yog teev, tab sis lawv tus mob. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, nws yog tshwj xeeb yog nthuav ua rau Vozdvizhenka nyob rau hauv Moscow Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture - ib tug surreal qhov chaw rau ib tug dog dig qhua. Kws txawj (los yog tsuas yog cov neeg muaj feem xyuam rau lub architectural "tau-ua ke" ib co piv) yuav qhia rau koj hais tias nws yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub nroog, vim hais tias no sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov artifacts, muaj ib tug nplua nuj archive ntawm lub Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab architecture.

Keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej

Muaj yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej txij li thaum 1934, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv lub lig puv 19 xyoo pua, muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau tsim nws. Nws ua hauj lwm (thiab muab nws ua lawv archives) sab saum toj kws txawj nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav, xyaum thiab keeb kwm ntawm architecture. "So" no ntaub ntawv ntawm lub yav dhau los ideological rivals - muaj yog ib daim ntawv rau tus architecture ntawm ancient Russia, sau Petrom Baranovskim, zoo restorer, raws li zoo raws li sketches, ua Ivanom Leonidovym, tus naas ej neeg Commissariat ntawm peb tes num rau cov liab Square. Thaum lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib qho ntawm feem nthuav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

A. V. Schusev

A. V. Schusev, uas nws lub npe yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, yog ib tug titan nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim duab. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm Lenin lub mausoleum, raws li zoo raws li dozens ntawm cov iconic vaj tse ntawm cov USSR. Shchusev yog lub initiator ntawm cov lus qhib ntawm lub profile ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv 1934, nyob rau ntawm lub Academy ntawm Architecture. Alexey, thaum nyob rau hauv 1946, thaum lub sij hawm nws active kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Vozdvizhenka, kuj los ua nws cov thawj tus thawj coj (los ntawm 1946 mus 1949). tsev cia puav pheej ntawm architecture twb nyob rau hauv Shchusev yog tus tsuas yog ib tug nyob rau lub sij hawm uas qhov chaw ntawm lub zos npaj thiab architecture rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

tsim los ntawm cov nyiaj

Tsim cov nyiaj pib nyob rau hauv 1934. Nyob rau hauv no, nram qab no teev cia thiab qhov chaw Antireligious Art tsev cia puav pheej (nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1929 mus 1934) tau tau kis: cov qauv thiab cov ib ncig ntawm lub Donskoy Monastery, lub ntau yam rooj sib tham iconography, lub tsev teev ntuj tais diav, tej vestments, dawb huv rooj vag.

Nyiaj nyob rau hauv lub 1930-40-ies considerably Iwj. Tawg tsam ntawm keeb kwm tau sau landmarks. 1930 - lub sij hawm ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab devastation ntawm historic vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej, dua li ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub tsev rooj tog ntawm ancient vaj tse muaj tau kis.

Nyob rau hauv 1946, cov tswv cuab twb pauv mus rau lub qub vaj tse ntawm cov qub txeeg qub tes (lig 18th century) talyzinykh-Ustinov. Lawv npaj rau Vozdvizhenka, nyob rau hauv sib thooj rau lub Kremlin, hais tias gentility qub tswv. Nws nkag mus hauv lub manor complex thiab "Chamber ntawm noj" - ib tug tsawg architectural monument ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, uas yog ib tug refectory apothecary vaj. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo, lub thib ob pem teb yog overbuilt pob zeb tsev, ua nyob rau hauv 1676.

Ib tug neeg nyob ze rau qhov tsev cia puav pheej zej zog, sau cia hais tias lub keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej, nws architecture yog heev nthuav, rau txog lub xeem 20 xyoo, yog muaj zoo los xij, vim hais tias thaum nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws pauv mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv 1991, lub Donskoy Monastery. Tag nrho cov xyoo, nws tseem yog ib tug exhibition chaw, raws li yuav luag tag nrho cov collections twb muab nyob rau hauv lub vaults.

Qhov qhib ntawm mus tas li exhibition

Leb kev tshwm sim tshwm sim tsis ntev los no, 19 Lub rau hli ntuj 2012. Yog qhib nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej tas li raug tus kab mob. Mus saib qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov cim yam khoom, cov pej xeem los ntawm tag nrho cov thoob lub nroog vam mus rau lub tso rau neeg pom lub tsev. Ntawm no pib qhov dog dig qhua rau surrealism.

Architecture Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub nroog, nyob rau hauv ib tug loj palace talyzinykh, vaj tse yos rov qab mus rau lub 18th caug xyoo. Nws kuj muaj xws li lub manor outbuilding, hu ua "puas", thiab lub xyoo pua 17th tsev, qhov chaw uas lub apothecary kev txiav txim. Ntawm no peb cov vaj tse yog ib tug me me loog, kuj siv tau rau lub exhibition.

Hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej

Tus thawj yam uas koj yuav pom, ib zaug no - ib tug kho siab khib chaw ua hauj lwm thiab lub hauv paus tas chaw tos txais. Heev mas spectacle ntawm tej zaum Lavxias teb sab puas. Cov qhua, nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm nthuav architectural kev tshwm sim, sharply nce mus rau lub thib ob pem teb ntawm lub palace stairs - thiab ntog mus rau hauv Wonderland. Nws mus txog rau infinity tag nrho suite ntawm khoob halls, raws li tab sis yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv ib tug giant daim iav.

Tsis exaggeration cov khoob chav, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib lub xeev tsev cia puav pheej ntawm architecture: muaj tiag tiag tsis muaj dab tsi muaj, tiam sis dai elegantly ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv lub teev, xws li duab ntawm xav txog tej yam Roman theaters. Raws li qhov dog dig qhua, yog li hnub no yuav zoo cob xub art gallery, uas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab yog li ntawd muaj ntau yam thiaj li, tab sis tsis tseem ceeb lub teb chaws kev tshawb fawb center thiab architectural tsev cia puav pheej. Nrog txaus siab, txawm li cas los, yuav pom sculpted medallions, qab nthab painting rau lub qab nthab, plaster cornices, siab reliefs, cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov khoom cua marble. Tab sis lub palace interiors tsev cia puav pheej tau txais nrog rau lub tsev. Lawv yog cov tseem nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau rov qab los thiab yog tsis suav tias yog, zoo li, yuav teev cia.

cim sau

ob tug loj halls Lub rau hli ntuj 19, 2012 raug muab tso nyob rau hauv lub ruaj khov exhibition. Nws yog tsim los ua lub cim rebirth ntawm no ua puav pheej. Peb muaj tam sim no tham txog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus sau - ib tug qauv (ntoo) Big Kremlin Palace, uas yog hnub no lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws layout. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1770 tus, commissioned los ntawm Catherine II Vasiliem Bazhenovym. layout ntev yog 17 meters. Nws yog li ntawd loj loj uas, hom phiaj, yuav tsum tau ib daim pavilion: nyob rau hauv lub saum toj no ob halls ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog tsuas tawg tsam, albeit heev impressive.

thuam

Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov zej zog tense sib cav tswv yim hais txog qhov tam sim no lub xeev ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis Shares nws kev qhuab qhia thiab exhibitions nyob rau hauv cov kev ib puag ncig yog tseem menyuam. Peb tsis yog yuav mus qhia ib lub tswv yim ntawm qhov dog dig, uas tsis yog-kev qhua hais tias nws lacks cov neeg ua hauj, thaj chaw thiab khoom siv. Cov teeb meem yog tag nrho ces ntshiab, lawv ua xwb tiag tiag pab koj tu siab. Tab sis lub attentive qhua yuav pom ob peb qhia, nrog "nyiaj txiag" taw tes ntawm view, tsis kaj lub siab kom paub meej.

Piv txwv li, nws yog txwv tsis pub thaij duab layout Bazhenov. Categorical txiav npluav - rau tsis muaj them nyiaj, txawm nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj. Neeg ua hauj lwm yuav tsis piav qhia yog vim li cas, hais li ntawd, txoj kev cai. Txawm tias nteg nyob rau hauv lub blog txhua daim duab yuav ua rau ib tug ob peb cov neeg tuaj xyuas no, thiab cov kev them nqi rau nws - ntxiv nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg txom nyem chaw ua hauj lwm ib tug me ntsis nyiaj tsev cia puav pheej.

Yuav tsis tau piav los ntawm nyiaj txiag teeb meem, vim li cas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug laus apothecary thiaj "noj mov architects", uas yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug sushi lub tsev noj mov; yog vim li cas huab cua conditioners "dai kom zoo nkauj" facade, thiab ua ntej lub ancient sculptures depicting tom tsov ntxhuav, muaj ib lub chaw nres rau lub patio. Bas, piled rau nws lub teb chaws es cia li - pov thawj ntawm ib tug tsis muaj nyiaj, qhov chaw.

D. S. Hmelnitsky, ib tug soj ntsuam ntawm architecture, criticized lub tsev khaws puav pheej rau tus tsis muaj tej yam zoo twb systematized ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nyiaj thiab collections (nyob rau hauv 1991 nws tau luam tawm kawg thematic catalog), raws li zoo raws li ib tug heev txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag tau ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab historians mus rau lub archives. Melnikov Tsev khaws puav pheej yog ib ceg ntawm moire. Great resonance nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 2014 tshwm sim los ntawm qhov teeb meem no nrog cov allergic ntawm nws cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm lub successor Melnikov, uas nyob ntawd.

tsev cia puav pheej Foundation

Tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb thawj xwb Lavxias teb sab architecture. Tab sis ua hauj lwm sau ntaub ntawv rau niaj hnub designs thiab dab neeg, kev noj cov duab, ua cov kev ntsuam, analyzed cov transformation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm nroog txoj cai. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Moscow Architecture Tsev khaws puav pheej tau sau ib tug loj loj nyiaj, uas niaj hnub no yog yuav luag tag nrho cov los ntawm kev kawm duab plinfy St. Sophia, los ntawm tus tsim cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau hom ntawm vaj tse mus rau lub masterpieces ntawm kev tsim kho khoom siv.

deposit Fund

Tsev khaws puav pheej nyiaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980 ntxiv ib priceless sau. Nws yog ib qho archive Baranovskogo Petra Dmitrievicha, ib tug eminent restorer thiab kes duab vajtse ntawm lub Soviet era. Txij li thaum 1984, cov ntaub ntawv no yog yuav luag tsis soj ntsuam - nws yog tsis txaus lub sij hawm cov tub txawg. Tsev khaws puav pheej collections yog me ntsis-soj ntsuam lub ntiaj teb no uas yuav kawm txog ntau tiam ntawm kws tshawb fawb.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s, tau tuaj ib lub sij hawm ntawm cov teeb meem, uas yog muaj yog tseem lub Moscow Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture. Niaj hnub no, lub ntsiab hauj lwm - kom daws tau qhov mob ceev heev teeb meem ntawm raug. Cov qhua tseem yuav tsuas yog twv ua tus greatness uas yog fraught nrog rau cov tsev khaws puav pheej tus sau, leafing los ntawm cov qhia ntawm nws zaj dab neeg phau ntawv.

Architecture thiab lub neej Tsev khaws puav pheej

Kawm paub txog lub kab lis kev cai yog heev fascinating. Yog hais tias koj xav nyob rau hauv architecture, peb yuav qhia koj mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Folk Architecture thiab lub neej, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Pas dej nyob rau hauv Belarus. Lub exposition nws yog heev nthuav. Folk Architecture thiab lub neej Tsev khaws puav pheej yuav paub koj nrog thiab qhov chaw saib xyuas vaj tse, chaw teev ntuj, pej xeem vaj tse. Nws recreates neeg pluag lub neej ntawm lub caij puv 19 - thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo.