Tsoom fwv teb chaws daim ntawv ntawm pej xeem-hwv

Lub tswvyim ntawm hwv daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv implies tus qauv ntawm nws cov kev tswj-hwv lub koom haum. Xws li ib tug lub xeev yuav muaj ib zaug xwb lub koom haum ntawm tsoom fwv, los yog muaj ib tug plurality ntawm qhov chaw, txhua tus uas yuav raug rau lawv tus kheej tseem fwv hauv zos nrog hwj chim.

Unitary daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev-hwv qauv

Unitary daim ntawv no yog haum ntau. Xws li ib tug lub xeev yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm tag nrho cov tsoom fwv lub cev, kev cai lij choj thiab cov kevcai tswj, uas yog faib tsis muaj kev txwv los yog peev xwm, rau lub teb chaws ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws. Cov teb chaws yog Sweden, Ltalis, Poland, ntau lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa thiab Asia.

Tsoom fwv teb chaws daim ntawv ntawm pej xeem-hwv

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub unitary, tsoom fwv teb chaws daim ntawv implies ib tug ncaj complex qauv, uas muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws cov tswv cuab rau lwm, tsawg nquag nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov luaj li cas thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thoob ntiaj teb txoj cai. Nws neeg cov chaw yuav raug xa mus nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev: lub xeev, av, cantons,-lam kuj Emirates, lub xeev, thiab hais txog. Tab sis yeej ib txwm ib tug tsoom fwv teb chaws daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev-hwv tus ntaus ntawv assumes hais tias cov - zos - lam hloov lwm lub tsev yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov hwjchim kav nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov central tsoom fwv lub cev. Yog li, muaj yog ua tau muaj ob theem ntawm lub xeev apparatus: lub siab tshaj plaws - tsoom fwv teb chaws, uas nws hwj chim ncua mus rau tag nrho lub teb chaws, thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lub hwv kawm ntawm lub Federation - nws tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua yam kev kawm av. Ib yam li ntawd, kev cai tej zaum yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv cov neeg uas yog kev kawm mus rau yuav tsum tiav xwb li limited qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm (raws li nyob rau hauv lub US lub xeev), thiab universal - tsoom fwv teb chaws. Tsoom fwv teb chaws daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev-hwv qauv prevails, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, cov haiv neeg me ua kev (Belgium), lub teb chaws uas sawv los ntawm combining yav tas los ywj siab thaj chaw (xws li Switzerland, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, TEB CHAWS USA), raws li zoo raws li muaj ib tug heev loj-scale cheeb tsam los yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov pejxeem (eg, vim li no, ib yam nkaus thiab, ib tug tsoom fwv teb chaws daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv Russia, territorially-thoj system).

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub tsoom fwv teb chaws cov qauv:

1. Lub xeev no yog ua los ntawm ntau cais chaw uas muaj lawv lub hwj chim lub cev.
2. Lub Parliaments ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws lub xeev yog tas bicameral, vim hais tias ib tug ntawm cov lag yog ib tug general tsoom fwv teb chaws thiab lwm yam yog ua los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub pawg neeg thaj av. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum uas sau hais tias cov bicameral parliament can muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv ib tug unitary lub xeev, tsis tas hais tias yog tus kos npe rau ntawm sawv cev ntawm lub Federation.
3. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam federations, muaj lub tswvyim ntawm dual pej xeem: lub zos republics thiab rau lub tag nrho.
4. Txawv teb chaws kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws no yog cov kom prerogative ntawm lub hauv paus nruab nrog cev ntawm tsoom fwv.