Tu noob hom fungi. Tsis tshua muaj thiab cov hom endangered ntawm fungi, cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj Russia Liab Phau Ntawv

Muab sau khaws cia nceb nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, ib ob peb ntawm peb xav txog qhov tseeb hais tias lawv, zoo li lwm yam nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj tej zaum yuav nyob rau lub verge ntawm extinction. Ib txhia ntawm cov uas tau ntev lawm tu noob thiab tsis loj hlob nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Yuav ua li cas yog no tu noob hom nceb hau? Thiab dab tsi yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai ntawm extinction?

Yuav ua li cas yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm nceb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ecosystem?

Muaj coob tus neeg xav hais tias nceb tsuas yuav tsum tau rau tib neeg noj. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lawv yog cov zoo nkauj thiab nyob rau hauv kib thiab boiled thiab qhuav, thiab tsib cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tau tshem ntawm cov txiv neej los ntawm koj tshaib plab, lawv ua si ib tug lossis loj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ecosystem. Lub fact tias nws yog tus nceb yog cov tseem ceeb uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg tab sis kuj tag nrho ntawm qhov.

Piv txwv li, saprophytic fungal hom nqa pliaj residues thiab cov khoom ntawm lwm yam nroj lub neej, raws li zoo raws li thaum lub sij hawm ib lub hwj chim lawv rov qab ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas rov qab mus rau hauv cov av. Thaum zoo li no twb txiav nceb tshuaj yooj yim absorbed los ntawm lwm cov mej zeej ntawm lub ecosystem. Yuav ua li cas yog cov tsawg tsawg thiab endangered hom fungi, nyeem rau.

Mycorrhizal fungi uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov ntoo, pab muab nws cov "symbiotic cov neeg nyob ze 'tsum tau rau lawv ya. Yeasts yog xam tau tias yog ib qho zoo heev raw khoom rau lub lag luam ua noj. Penicillin siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm penicillin.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub nceb yuav pab tau thiab tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg. Txawm li cas los, vim rau tej kuab paug, vim deforestation, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm extinction. Txhua xyoo lub hom endangered ntawm nceb tsuas loj hlob. Ib tug xov tooj uas pab tau hom txo. Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov extinction ntawm hom ntawm mushroom, nws yog tsim nyog los paub xyov yuav ua li cas lub hom yog nyob rau hauv kev txaus ntshai.

Amanita pineal, los yog thawj tus neeg sib tw rau extinction

Ib qho ntawm thawj hom fungi nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no tsis tshua muaj amanita Strobiliformis. Nws yog zoo nkauj zoo tus neeg sawv cev mushroom nrog dawb qia thiab cap. Nws muaj ib tug dawb fleshy sis plawv hniav, thiab loj angular teev, loj, yuav luag ib tug da dej nplhaib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob txhais ceg. Nws ntev yog 8-15 cm thiab dav -. 4.2 cm ua ntej lawm muaj hnub nyoog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no hom muaj ib tug yam ntxwv txaij qauv fringing ko taw pwm.

Kuj ceeb tias, no tsis tshua muaj mushroom hais txog cov siav. Nws muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam thiab tom qab pretreatment noj yam tsis ntshai ntawm lom. Yog hais tias koj xav nyob rau hauv hom endangered ntawm nceb nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no yog raws nraim qhov zoo uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv. Raws li yam ua ntej, tus pineal amanita yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub qhib forests ntawm lub Belgorod cheeb tsam.

Sparassis crispa, mushroom los yog cabbage

Qhov thib ob mushroom nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv - sparassis crispa. Vim qhov txawv qauv ntawm cov hau nws yog feem ntau hu ua ib tug mushroom los yog cleft qhwv. Tsis tshua muaj neeg uas tsis tshua muaj siav pwm, teej tug mus rau lub tsev neeg sparassidaceae.

Outwardly, nws zoo li ib tug hiav txwv li ntaub nqus dej los yog ib tug hluas lub taub hau ntawm zaub qhwv nyob rau hauv lub txhab rau daim ntawv. Nws lub taub hau muaj ib tug kheej kheej los yog irregularly kheej kheej zoo 5-20 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab kwv yees li 6-30 cm nyob rau hauv dav. Tej zaum tus luj ntawm lub ceeb Piv txwv li yuav ncav cuag 6-10 kg. Loj hlob no zoo nyob ze rau cov ntoo thiab stumps.

Nws yuav ua tau kev xaiv keyboards nyob rau hauv hom endangered ntawm nceb nyob rau hauv Russia, raws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj. Tib yam vim li nws sparassis twb teev raws li endangered. Thaum lub sij hawm uas nws sau nyob rau hauv qhov yog txwv tsis pub, yog li ib co fungi lovers artificially bred nws.

Nrog ib rab koob, tab sis lub hedgehog

Txawv txawv qauv muaj lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm sim fungi - raincoat koob. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm round kaus mom nrog heev heev spines. Cov kab uas hla ntawm nws lub cev -. Tsuas yog 2-4 cm Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug loj round lub taub hau-cap thiab kuj luv luv ob txhais ceg. Inhabits no pwm nyob rau hauv nraim coniferous thiab deciduous hav zoov. Lawv loj hlob rau wood thiab them nrog rot. Muaj ib daim ntawv luam.

Hom endangered ntawm nceb liab phau ntawv: Boletus dawb

Lwm zoo nkauj siav nceb, uas yog raug teeb meem nrog extinction - Boletus dawb. Nws belongs rau lub genus Lektsinum thiab muaj ib tug yam ntxwv dawb xim thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm tshiab nceb. Nws elongate ceg nrog me me los yog lub teeb brownish flake oblong thiab npawv me me lub taub hau nrog rau ib qho zuag qhia tag nrho txoj kab uas hla ntawm txog 25 cm.

Yuav kom tau raws li qhov mushroom yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv Leningrad, Penza, Murmansk thiab Moscow cheeb tsam.

Disappearing mushroom doog ntshav los yog Gyroporus Cyanescens

Yog hais tias koj xav nyob rau hauv tsawg tsawg thiab endangered hom nceb, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov amazing mushroom doog ntshav. Yuav ua li cas yog nws tus yam ntxwv? Qhov no loj mushroom nrog ib tug tuab lub kaus mom, nce mus txog ib lub cheeb ntawm 5-15 cm. Nws muaj ib tug ca los yog me ntsis convex gray-xim av los yog xim av-daj kaus mom. Nws txhais ceg haum tuab, nrog ib tug thooj nyob puag. Qhov ntev ntawm tus ceg, feem ntau yog 5-10 cm thiab lub thickness - ntawm 1.5 mus rau 3 cm.

Yog hais tias koj dua ib tug mushroom thiab puas, peb yuav pom tias nws txhais ceg lov yooj yim xim kev hloov. Nws yuav tig xiav los yog xim paj yeeb. Nrhiav cov pwm yuav tsum tau tov los yog deciduous hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub birches, Oaks thiab chestnut ntoo. Txawm li cas los, qhov yog tsis tshua muaj heev, li ntawd, yog muab teev raws li endangered.

Liab mushroom nrog velvet lub kaus mom

Them xim rau tag nrho cov hom endangered ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab fungi, peb yuav tsis qhia txog cov chestnut nceb. Qhov no zoo nkauj ntau yam pileate tubular nceb nrog ib tug soj caum ntawm brownish xim, hollow sab hauv. Nws zoo li ib tug dawb pwm, tsis zoo li dab tsi muaj chestnut-xim av los yog liab-xim av hau nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 40 rau 110 hli.

Nws yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Russia thiab nyob rau hauv Western Siberia. Nws hlob mas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj mus rau lub Cuaj hlis. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj heev nyob rau hauv, thiab yog li ntawd muaj nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv.

Tsis tshua muaj Grifola frondosa, los yog cov pwm-ram

Teb cov lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi tsis tshua muaj thiab cov hom endangered ntawm fungi, xyuam xim rau cov Grifola frondosa. Qhov no cim siav nceb muaj tej yam txawv crispy txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev qauv uas hais txog 80 cm. Feem ntau cov fungi yog tau mus cuag ntau tshaj 10 kg.

Feem ntau, cov mushroom-ram muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov me me tiaj kaus mom yog tsis ntau tshaj 10 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Yog li tag nrho cov kaus mom muaj cais ob txhais ceg emanating los ntawm ib qho puag.

Qhov no pwm hlob feem ntau nyob puag ntoo xws li maple, beech, chestnut. Tsis tshua muaj neeg tsawg tsawg. Yuav ua li cas lwm hom endangered ntawm fungi nyob, peb qhia rau.

Txawv txawv ntshav cortinarius

Cortinarius violaceus - zoo nkauj mushroom, pom nyob rau hauv Leningrad, Moscow, Murmansk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Vologda thiab Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam.

Cortinarius - yog siav nceb, muaj ib tug yam ntxwv xiav-violet xim. Nws muaj pincushion hau nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm txog 15 cm, thiab siab soj caum 6-12 cm siab thiab 1-2 cm nyob rau hauv dav. Nyob rau hauv nws lub qhov muaj me me plaub ya ri.

Lam lingzhi mushroom

Cov tsawg tsawg thiab endangered hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab fungi yuav tsum tau sau tseg thiab no saprophytic tus neeg sawv cev Ganodermovyh tsev neeg raws li lingzhi mushroom. Qhov no zoo tiaj mushroom, feem ntau hu ua "mushroom ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag" los yog "Ling Zhi". Nws muaj ib tug du nto hau liab, xim av los yog liab doog thiab tuab ntxhov sis plawv hniav.

Nws lub ntsiab feature yog cov as-ham hais tias nws muaj. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws vim hais tias ntawm no pwm ua lam tinctures.

Loj hlob lub pwm, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub Amur cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv Nyiv, Kauslim Teb thiab Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau hauv Russia, ntau nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar thiab Stavropol territories.

Txawv txawv blackberries staghorn

Kawm sim nroj tsuag, fungi thiab cov tsiaj, ib tug yuav tsis nco qab txog tej kev txawv txawv pwm, staghorn li blackberries. Qhov no yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj heev mushroom tus neeg sawv cev, muaj rau pawg ntawm rarity raws li txoj cai thiab belongs rau lub monuments ntawm qhov.

Blackberries muaj ib qho txawv qauv thiab yog visually reminiscent ntawm marine coral dawb. Nws hlob zoo nyob rau stumps thiab yeej ntawm cov ntoo (feem ntau - nyob rau hauv birch thiab Aspen). Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation reserves rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub pas dej Baikal nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia. Muaj nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas nceb pom tau hais tias muaj zoo?

Nyob rau hauv cov kem "tu noob hom fungi," yuav tsum tau ua rau cov tswv cuab, xws li:

• Felloriniya knobbly.
• Veselka Hadrian.
• Omfalina cinder.
• Pholiota uglelyubivaya.
• Geopiksis thee.
• Karbofil thiab lwm tus neeg.

Txhua txhua xyoo, qhov no daim ntawv teev yog tsuas yog loj hlob. Kuv zoo siab hais tias muaj ntau muaj tsawg fungi tam sim no cov neeg tau kawm kom artificially loj hlob. Qhov no mus kom ze, raws li kws txawj, yuav pab txo tau cov tu noob hom fungi.

Tsis tshua muaj hom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation

Raws li koj tau pom, daim ntawv ntawm ib tug series ntawm "endangered thiab tu noob hom fungi" yuav mus rau hauv thiab nyob. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus fungi, ntau yam nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab cov noog no kuj raug teeb meem ntawm extinction. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov tsiaj muaj peev xwm yuav txawv Siberian shrew, Daubenton tus puav, xim av Usana, hav zoov-steppe Marmot, zoo tib yam hedgehog, mos lwj Siberian thiab lwm tus neeg. Los ntawm endangered noog xws li cov great crested grebe, zoo crested grebe, los yog, gray heron, dub stork, ntau dua flamingo, liab-breasted gus thiab lwm tus neeg.

Ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm extinction: thoroughwax tso tseg, Kitagawa Baikal, Dory angustifolia, Alfred drooping thiab lwm tus neeg.