Tuam tsev blachernitissa Dawb Huv niam nyob rau hauv Kuzminki (Moscow)

Rau cov tsev neeg Stroganov tub txawj tub ntse twb ib zaug yooj yim Pomor peasants, 1716 muab tawm yuav tsis tshua muaj troublesome. Dag, ua kom tiav qhov kev siv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsa rau lub icon, ib zaug tsis yws hlo li rau nws ntawm Merit los ntawm cov Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich! Nws yog ib qhov icon of Our pojniam ntawm Blachernae, thiab muab nws lub npe mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj, qhov chaw uas nws khaws cia puas tau txij li thaum, thiab lub zos, uas hu ua Vlakhernskoe.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub icon

Lub npe ntawm lub icon los ntawm lub npe ntawm hais tias ib feem ntawm Constantinople, uas yog ib zaug ib lub tuam tsev rau no thaj neeb. Nyob rau hauv nws patronage nws yog tsis tsuas mus rau Constantinople, tab sis rau tag nrho cov ntawm Byzantium. Vaj Keeb Kwm ntawm lub sij hawm uas qhia rau ntawm yuav ua li cas, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 626 los ntawm tus tej lus thov, nce mus ua ntej lub icon, Holy Leej niam ntawm Vajtswv cawm lub nroog ntawm lub onslaught ntawm invaders. Tom qab ntau centuries, nws yog twb nyob rau hauv Russia, nws miraculous hwj chim yuav qhia thaum lub sij hawm tus kab mob no phaum mob nyob rau hauv thaum xyoo 1830. Nws tau khaws cia tag nrho cov inhabitants Kuzminok qhov twg nws yog, thiab tag nrho cov neeg uas nyob hauv lwm tus lub zos los ntawm qhov txaus ntshai tus kab mob.

no icon yog tsis dog dig. Nws creation yog ntaus nqi mus rau lub qhia Txoj Moo Zoo Lukas, kawm thiab ib tug ntawm cov thwj tim los ntawm Yexus Khetos. Lub icon tau ua nyob rau hauv nyem thiab cim voskomastiki technology. Feature nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub ciab ntxiv razmelchonnye relics ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Cov duab tsim nyob rau hauv no txoj kev no yog hu ua ib tug reliquary.

Cov tsos ntawm lub icon nyob rau hauv Russia

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus V xyoo pua nws tuaj rau Constantinople, lub ces capital ntawm cov Christian ntiaj teb no, thiab los yeej muaj - rau tus Vaj Mount Athos. Nyob rau hauv 1654, lub Athonite monks coj nws mus rau Moscow thiab nthuav lub pious huab tais Alexis, thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, pom zoo sanctuary Stroganov. Rau lub icon thiab cov ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj Our Lady of Blachernae nws ua tau.

Tab sis tsawg tsawg ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj ntog ib tug ntev lub neej. Pawg ntseeg no sawv tsuas kaum thiab tau hlawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tua hluav taws, tab sis lub Will ntawm Vajtswv lub precious icon tau txais kev cawmdim. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, muaj nug hais tias tus koob hmoov ntawm qhov kev txiav txim npis sov, pib siv ntawm ib tug tshiab lub tsev teev ntuj, kuj ntawm ntoo, tab sis nws twb tos rau tib txoj hmoo raws li lub qub. Nyob rau hauv 1758 raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm "hluav taws tawg-winded," nws tuag. Tab sis lub sij hawm no lub sanctuary twb nqa tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.

Cov kev siv ntawm lub pob zeb tsev teev ntuj lub tsev

Los ntawm lub sij hawm qhov hluav taws kub Stroganoff tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes Kuzminki dhau mus rau hauv lub muaj ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Count Golitsyn. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, lawv tau rau centuries tau ib tug mainstay ntawm tsoom fwv. Xyoo no yog rau pua xyoo txij thaum lawv pib lawv hauj lwm qhuab qhia.

Ib xyoo tom qab, nws pib tsim kho ntawm lub pob zeb tsev teev ntuj rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov twg sawv hlawv lub tsev teev ntuj. Tsim ib qhov project thiab txij nkawm ua hauj lwm Earl commissioned kes duab lub vajtse IP Zherebtsov, uas kuj koom nyob rau hauv lub redevelopment thiab txua dua ntawm tag nrho cov qub txeeg qub tes. Nws nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm architecture, raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Baroque style. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws lub npe yog txuam nrog ib tug kev taw qhia, dubbed rau hauv thaum ntxov Moscow classicism. Rau ntau xyoo nws saib xyuas tag nrho cov kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm rau lub qub txeeg qub tes.

Architectural nta ntawm lub Koom Txoos tshiab

Lub hauv paus pob zeb ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm lub qhov project muab Stallions tsoos rau Lavxias teb sab churches tetrahedral qis ib feem ntawm lub tsev, thiab heightened rau sab saum toj octagonal nruas. Yog li ntawd ua ntau Lavxias teb sab Orthodox churches. ntoo octagonal tswb ntauwd ua tau nyob ze. Tag nrho cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj twb ua nyob rau hauv lub Baroque style. Nyob rau hauv 1762, kev tsim kho tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov, tab sis lub finish mus rov qab nyob rau hauv rau kaum ob xyoos.

Kuzminki qub txeeg qub tes yog qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov Suav Golitsyn, thiab nws txoj kev txhim kho, lawv tsis tseg nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1784 lawv tau caw kom tus naas ej Moscow kes duab vajtse RR Kazakov, ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm tus naas ej V. I. Bazhenova, uas ua hauj lwm nrog nws nyob rau ib qhov project ntawm lub loj loj Kremlin Palace. Nws pib lub reconstruction ntawm lub tuam tsev, raws li cov architectural tsum tau ntawm lub sij hawm.

reconstruction ntawm lub tuam tsev

R. P. Kazakov hloov tetrahedral lub tsev loj lub tswv yim los yeej, tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nruas, thiab ib tshooj saum toj overbuilt. Nyob rau hauv plaub sab ntawm lub tsev twb entrances nrog zoo nkauj kauj ruam thiab porches. Nkij los txuam rau tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg bunk pob zeb tswb ntauwd. Yog li lub tuam tsev blachernitissa Dawb Huv niam nyob rau hauv Kuzminki mas yuav kis tau paub ntaem.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812, lub tuam tsev tau undergone loj kev puas tsuaj. Lawv twb muaj neeg nyiag khoom ntawm lub koom txoos phaj thiab icons. Muaj lus tim khawv uas qhia txog heev heev piv txwv ntawm sacrilege cog lus los ntawm qhov Fabkis cov tub rog. Thaum lub caw ntawm lub Golitsyn rau nws restoration ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws architects. Nyob rau hauv 1819 nws tau tsa tag reconstructed lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Txawm li cas los, cov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawd kub ntev li ob peb xyoo ntxiv. Contemporaries sau txog lub extraordinary marble iconostasis nyob rau hauv no tsis pub tshaj. Saum toj no nws ua hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws stonecutters lub teb chaws. Peb tau caw kom tus naas ej Ural masters.

Muaj ntau tus tim khawv tias lub tuam tsev blachernitissa Dawb Huv niam nyob rau hauv Kuzminki lossi nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov neeg ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tsev neeg. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1828, Empress Maria Fedorovna pub rau decorate lub icons ntawm precious brooch ntawm pearls thiab diamonds. Nyob rau hauv 1858 lub tuam tsev yog xyuas los ntawm huab tais Alexander II. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov qub txeeg qub tes Kuzminki pom ntau lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev ntawm Romanov. Txij li thaum 1859 hauv lub tuam tsev yog qhov tsev neeg lub qhov ntxa Golitsyn. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub XX xyoo pua nws twb dua rov qab los thiab raug fij tseg.

Txoj hmoo ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tom qab lub kiv puag ncig

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig lub tsev teev ntuj blachernitissa Dawb Huv niam nyob rau hauv Kuzminki qhia txoj hmoo ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev teev tiam nyob rau hauv Russia. Cia nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Neeg tub ceev xwm ntes tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis thiab tej yam uas lub koom txoos phaj. Thaum lub tuam tsev thaum kawg kaw, cov miraculous icon twb tau tsiv mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Dormition nyob rau hauv Vishniac, thiab thaum nws nres ua hauj lwm, lub icon twb pauv mus rau Tretyakov Gallery, cov nyiaj uas nws yog khaws cia rau hnub no. Nyob rau hauv 1929, lub dome twb demolished, thiab lub tsev tau rebuilt tshaj Vocabulary, ua rau nws mus rau hauv ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej tsev. Nyob rau tag nrho Soviet lub sij hawm nws tsis muaj tsev nyob thiab muaj thaj chaw, thiab ib tug transformer substation, thiab cov chav kawm ntawv. Nkaus pleev xim rau cov phab ntsa thiab stucco decorations lawv pov tseg. Mob plawv overflows thaum koj pom cov duab ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv cov xyoo.

rebirth

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab lub restructuring, ntau Lavxias teb sab Orthodox churches raug xa rov qab mus ntseeg. Ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm kev pom. Nws yog tsim nyog mus rau revive dab tsi xyoo lawm kev khuv leej puas tsuaj lawm. Ib tug zoo kev pab nyob rau hauv no, thiab muaj tsoom fwv cov tub ceev xwm thiab ntau yam rau pej xeem cov koom haum ntawm lub teb chaws. Restorers thiab tuaj mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev blachernitissa Dawb Huv niam nyob rau hauv Kuzminki. Nws twb teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov khoom yuav tsum tau rov qab los ua ntej. Nws saib xyuas cov hauj lwm ntawm lub kws kes duab vajtse EA Vorontsova. Peb lub xyoo yog cov builders thiab restorers rov qab lub tsev teev ntuj rau nws cov thawj tsos. Nyob rau hauv 1995 nws tau tsa, raws li zoo raws li ntau Lavxias teb sab Orthodox churches.

Lub neej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hnub no

Niaj hnub no, lub tuam tsev yog qhov loj tshaj plaws kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev cai center. Thaum nws sau ib hnub Sunday lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm catechesis ntawm cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog lub tsev qiv ntawv, lub qhov rooj yuav qhib rau txhua leej txhua tus. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub tsev yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug baptistery font rau cov neeg laus. Zoo li ntau lub koom txoos ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox, nws tau los ua ib qhov chaw uas txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm txais tau kev paub txog cov qauv rau kev Orthodoxy, rau ntau xyoo lawm, zoo kaw rau lub masses.