Tub huabtais Yuri Dolgoruky. Yuri Dolgoruky - Biography

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus tsis muaj ntau rulers uas tau ncaim ib tug tseem ceeb cim. Txhua yam ntawm tus princes tau tshuav nws milestone nyob rau hauv lub chronology ntawm cov txheej xwm, uas yog tam sim no yog kawm los ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Ib txhia ntawm lawv distinguished campaigns tiv thaiv neighboring lub xeev, ib tug neeg annexed thaj av tshiab, ib tug neeg ua ib dabneeg tseem ceeb alliance nrog cov yeeb ncuab. Yuri Dolgoruky, yeej tsis yog qhov chaw kawg ntawm lawv. Qhov no kav yog nthuav, yog hais tias tsuas yog los ntawm cov fact tias muaj ntau historians xam tau tias yog tus founder ntawm Moscow. Lub npe menyuam yaus "Dolgoruky" Tub huabtais tau txais ib qhov kev sim lub conquest ntawm Kiev thiab lwm lub zos ntawm Kievan Rus.

Pib ntawm lub reign

Ua ntej peb xav txog lub xyoo ntawm tsoom fwv yuav tsum tau saib nyob rau ntawm nws biography. Hnub yug yog tseem muaj ib tug contentious qhov teeb meem. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias muaj yog ib tug yav tom ntej Duke nyob rau hauv 1090 thiab yog tus yau tus tub ntawm Vladimir Monomakh. Yury Dolgoruky yog cov cab kuj ntawm lub Rurik tsev neeg. Txawm tias nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv Kiev, nws tseem yog menyuam yaus dhau nyob rau hauv Rostov. nws thawj los ua tus tub huabtais ntawm Rostov-Suzdal nqi zog txij li thaum 1113 ua ke nrog nws tus tij laug Mstislav. Txawm li cas los, txij li thaum 1125, ua tus ib hauv av ntawm Yuri cuav.

Dua li ntawm qhov overbearing thiab yooj yim cim, Politika Yuriya Dolgorukogo nyob rau hauv nws txoj cai coj ntau yam kev pab ntawm Kievan Rus, tab sis yog nquag npaj (feem ntau) coj txoj kev tuag thiab kev puas tsuaj. Nws yog ob peb xyoo tom qab lub reign ntawm tus pas ntsuas rau lub zwm txwv, nws coj ib tug phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau cov Volga Bulgars. Xws li ib tug kev txiav txim los ntawm lub Vladimir Monomakh, tom qab lub capture ntawm cov neeg Suzdal. Tom qab lub phiaj los nqis tes, nyob rau hauv 1125, None Yuri Dolgoruky kis lub capital ntawm nws nqi zog nyob rau hauv Suzdal, yog li kom txhob muaj cov nom tswv tseem ceeb ntawm Rostov.

Nyob rau lub zwm txwv ntawm lub Rostov-Suzdal nqi zog thiab cov thawj conquest ntawm Kiev

Ntawm 1120 1147 tsis yog tshwj xeeb hnov, tab sis ib tug ntawm qhov tseeb - nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog Moscow puag. Domestic Politika Yuriya Dolgorukogo yog txo mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub koom txoos. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub internecine feuds ntawm cov thawj ntawm Kievan Rus. Txawm hais tias yuav tsum tau them tribute rau nws - ntau ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm lub nroog, ua rawsli los ntawm keeb kwm, Yuri Dolgoruky muab mus pauv thiab handicraft chaw zov me nyuam. Qhov no mus kom ze yuav tsis ua rau kom lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

Internecine strife sawv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, vim cov Kiev zwm txwv thiab lub tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm nws qub txeeg qub teg. Lub siab mus zaum rau ntawm lub zwm txwv nyob rau hauv cov nroog loj ntawm Russia yog tsis txawv teb chaws mus rau lub Rostov-Suzdal kav. Cov neeg pej xeem Duke, tsis tsuas sim hloov lub tshiab appointees, tab sis kuj yuav tus coj qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev nyob rau hauv 1149 coj Yuri Dolgoruky. Luv luv, lub laus tshaj ntawm qub txeeg qub teg tau lawm, thiab muaj ntau yam twb outraged. Qhov no dissatisfaction coj Izyaslav offset thiab ua ib tug alliance nrog lub Hungarians thiab Tug.

Lub unpopularity ntawm tus tshiab sovereign, thiab ib tug pab pawg twb tsis tau muab Dolgoruky tuav on mus rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. 1151 yog rau Yuri Vladimirovich hnub poob mus rau lub zwm txwv nyob rau hauv Kiev thiab xa rov qab mus rau nws lub nqi zog.

Moscow puag

Hais tias tub huabtais Yury Dolgoruky yog suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm Moscow, tab sis yog hais txog qhov no kom deb li deb muaj kev tsis sib haum ntawm cov historians. Borderline hais sib haum yog nyob rau cov kev sib cuag point ob peb kingdoms - Novgorod, Ryazansky, Suzdalsky, thiab Siversky Smolenskii. Hauv lub zos nyob rau lub Moscow dej, koom, ib yam li lwm lub zos nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj, Boyar pawg. Yog vim li cas rau cov uas tus tswv ntawm lub teb chaws yog tsis paub, tab sis tom qab ntawd, lub nroog thiab lwm yam zos coj nws Yury Dolgoruky twb tua. Moscow pib tsim - ib tug princely tsev loj, ntoo Kremlin, lub koom txoos thiab lwm yam vaj tse tau ua. Tsis tas li ntawd nws tau ri li cov ntseeg Vajtswv ntawm cov tsis tau hnov nws cov pejxeem.

Chiv lub zos hu ua cov kua nplaum uas tom qab renamed mus rau Moscow. Tab sis lub nroog loj, uas muaj ib tug muaj nuj nqis thiab kev nom kev tswv rau lub neej ntawm cov Rostov-Suzdal nqi zog ntawm Kievan Rus thiab nws tau los ua tsuas yog tom qab cov kev hloov ntawm lub peb tiam ntawm lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm George Thawj.

Lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub zos - Pereslavl-Zaleski

Board Yuriya Dolgorukogo yog txawv tsis tau tsuas yog npaj siab mus txeeb lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev, tab sis kuj cov creation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab Lavxias teb sab lub zos. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus Moscow, nws twb nrhiav tau lub zos xws li Pereslavl-Zaleski thiab Yuriev-Polish.

Lub erection yog tsis vim lub ambitious kev pab them nqi ntawm cov tub huabtais. Nquag tawm tsam Volga Bulgars coj mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau ciam teb ntawm lub nqi zog. Pereslavl-Zaleski twb tsiv mus rau hauv qhov uas tsis muaj - nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej Trubezh. Nrog lub perimeter ntawm lub yav qab teb thiab Western sab ntawm lub nroog raug khawb qhov taub, uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub ntuj tej ntawm lub le caag rau hauv lub nroog. Ib tug fortress rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm Pereyaslavl twb yog ib lub biggest, tsa los ntawm Yuri.

Yuriev-Polsky - ib tug fortress ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm lub nqi zog

Nrog rau tib lub hom phiaj tau raug tsim muaj thiab lub nroog ntawm St. George-Polish. round fortress ua tau los tiv thaiv lub nroog. Nws twb ncig los ntawm ib tug 7-mimetrovymi ramparts uas tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Cov phab ntsa hauv cov fortress muaj peb so - lub rooj vag mus Vladimir, Moscow thiab Pereslavl-Zaleski. Nws ua rau hauv lub nroog nyob ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm Gzy Koloksha.

Gorodets rau lub Volga dej

Lub nroog yog founded Yuriem Dolgorukim nyob rau hauv 1152 nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nce mus txog ntawm lub Volga. Nyob rau hauv ancient writings nws tseem hu ua Radilov. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog muaj ib tug tub rog garrison, artisans thiab peasants. Neeg uas nyob tsis tau tsuas yog kom cov hav zoov ntawm lub nroog, tab sis twb active nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm nrog Kiev, Asia, Bulgars, lub Baltic lub xeev. Gorodets yooj yim lub hom phiaj yog mus rau deter lub Volga Bulgars los ntawm nce qib nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av.

Lub hauv paus ntawm Dmitrov

Lub nroog tau nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1154 thiab muaj npe tom qab tus tub Yuriya Dolgorukogo, uas tau yug los nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo. Dmitrov ua nyob rau hauv lub marshy lowlands ntawm tus dej Yakhroma. Rau kev tiv thaiv tau raug tsa mus rau lub Kremlin, ua tau rau tus taw ntawm lub roob. Nyob rau hauv ib tes tiv thaiv lub fortress impenetrable swamps, nyob rau lwm yam - ib tug dag moat, nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw nce mus txog ib tug dav ntawm 30 meters. Cov phab ntsa tau fortified yees. Nws yog ib tug tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw, surrounded los ntawm swamps thiab hav zoov, nyob rau outskirts ntawm Suzdal.

Ob txhais reign nyob rau hauv Kiev

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Yuri holdings twb kim heev txaus, tus tub huabtais tsis tso tseg me nyuam mus nce lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev. Winning Ryazan nyob rau hauv 1154, tus tub huabtais mus mus kev mus rau lub yav qab teb thaj av ntawm Kievan Rus. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, nws ua ib tug ntawv sib yeem lus nrog Rostislav ntawm Smolensk thiab nyob rau hauv 1155 rov reigned nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Kievan Rus, noj nws nrog rau nws pab pawg phooj ywg Svyatoslavom Olgovichem. Leej twg kav Kiev Izyaslav surrendered lub nroog tsis muaj ib tug sib ntaus thiab khiav mus Chernigov. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntxiv dag zog nws lub hwj chim, Yuri xa nws cov tub los kav nyob rau hauv lub nroog, uas nyob rau hauv nws lub hwj. Txawm li cas los, txoj cai tau luv luv-nyob - nyob rau hauv 1157 Yuri Dolgoruky tuag. Muaj yog ib tug kev tshawb xav hais tias nws taug los ntawm boyars, uas tsis nyiam tus tshiab kav. Tom qab nws tuag, ib tug ntxeev siab tsoo tawm, thaum lub sij hawm uas tus tub vaj ntxwv lub tsev hais plaub tau plundered.

Tsev Neeg lub neej Yuriya Dolgorukogo

Nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab artistic chaw hais lub complex xwm ntawm tus tub huabtais. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv taw tes qhia tawm uas George yog tus nyiam tus tub ntawm nws txiv, Vladimir Monomakh, nyob ib ncig ntawm yeeb ncuab nws. Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm tau tuaj thaum Dolgoruky yuav tsum tau raws li cov nyiaj ntawm tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev. Nyob rau hauv 1108 Yuri Dolgoruky tau txais ib tug poj niam. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, kev ua txij nkawm coj qhov chaw rau kev nom kev tswv yog vim li cas ntawm nws tus txiv, txawm li cas los, raws li tag nrho cov kev sib yuav nkag mus rau hauv los ntawm ces rulers ntawm lub xeev.

Tus thawj tus poj niam ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub Rostov-Suzdal None yog tus ntxhais ntawm lub Polovtsian Hana Alena Osipovna. Tus poj niam tuaj ntawm None da dej, thiab nws tsawm dog dig. Tsis ntev cov hluas ob peb twb xa mus rau cov northeast nyob rau hauv lub Rostov nqi zog. Los ntawm no kev sib yuav yug Rostislav (kav Novgorod), Andrew Bogolyubskii, Ivan, thiab Boris Gleb. Los ntawm nws thawj tus poj niam thiab peb cov ntxhais yug: Elena, Maria thiab Olga.

Thiab kuv muaj ib tug thib ob tus poj niam Yuri Dolgoruky. Biography ntawm nws muaj heev me ntsis cov lus qhia, yog tsis muaj mention txawm lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej rau nws. Tab sis los ntawm nws Yury Dolgoruky muaj rau tub - cornflowers, Mstislav, Yaroslav, Sviatoslav, thiab Vsevolod Mikhail.

Chaw nyob Yuriya Dolgorukogo

Txij li thaum lub Rostov Grand Duke twb tsis xis ib yam nkaus thiab ntseeg vim hais tias ntawm cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub xeev, nws tsiv mus rau Suzdal. Tab sis nws qhov chaw nyob yog tsis nyob rau hauv Suzdal, thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos hu ua Kideksha. Qhov no twb ua rau zoo xws li cov vim li cas - Yuri Dolgoruky Suzdal boyars ntshai tsam. Fortified hais sib haum sai sai loj hlob nyob qhov twg lub Kamenka ntws mus rau hauv lub Nerl. Nyob rau hauv ib tes Kideksha defended lub siab ntug dej ntawm tus dej, nyob rau lwm qhov fortress twb ncig los ntawm ib tug siab rau cov menyuam nrog ib tug ntoo qhib palisade rau nws.

Txij li thaum Yuri Dolgoruky muaj ib tug muaj zog, rau siab, nyob rau hauv lub zos tau ua thiab lub tsev teev ntuj. Txawm li cas los, tom qab kev tuag ntawm tub huabtais Kideksha nws poob nws tseem ceeb. Nws tus tub nyuam qhuav txav los rau hauv lub capital rau Vladimir, thiab qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv Bogolyubovo. Nyob rau hauv 1238, tom qab muaj qhov ntxeem tau ntawm Tatar-Mongol hordes, lub zos twb looted thiab tau tuaj mus rau hauv disrepair.

Monument rau tus founder ntawm Moscow

Lub sib cav tswv yim hais txog lub nroog tshwm sim ntawm cov historians tsis txhob tso tseg kom txog thaum tam sim no. Thiab tsis tau cov neeg lawv tus kheej ntseeg tau hais tias nrhiav tau nws, Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug lub rooj sib tham qhov chaw rau tus tub huabtais thiab nws tus tij laug, raws li ancient keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv Stalin, nws twb txiav txim siab los txhim tsa ib tug monument Yuriyu Dolgorukomu. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm Tverskaya Square nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1946, ib tug kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm, tau yeej nws Orlov, uas tsis tau koom nyob rau hauv monumental duab puab.

Tab sis raws li nws muab tawm, ib tug sculptor xav Stalin nws tus kheej. Thaj, nws nyiam lub sculptor patriotism - nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lub Soviet neeg phais nias tau ib qho tseem ceeb delegation ntawm lub tebchaws United States. Nws muab tawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm Orlov, tsim los tsev cov tho kev, twb hais los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm America. Orlov sau ntawv tsis txaus siab, tom qab uas nws twb teem kom tau raws li nrog lub taub hau ntawm lub Soviet Union. Tom qab hais tias, ib tug sculptor thiab coj ua hauj lwm rau lub creation ntawm lub monument. Lub monument project nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv kho - yog hais tias raws li cov lus hais ntawm Stalin. Ib txoj kev los sis lwm, tab sis lub monument twb tsa nyob rau hauv 1954. Tiam sis yog tias Stalin yog txaus siab heev hais tias Nikita Khrushchev cas disliked monument. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog khaus nws naturalness nees - nyob rau hauv nws cov lus qhia genitals raug muab tshem tawm.

Monuments Yuriyu Dolgorukomu nyob rau hauv lwm lub zos

Kostroma cov neeg kuj ntseeg hais tias tus tub huabtais thiab nrhiav tau lawv lub zos thiab pab nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab txoj kev vam meej. Lub monument tau tsa rau lub square mus Sawv Rov Los hnub ua koob tsheej ntawm lub 850th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog. Peb tes num tau tsim Vladimir Tserkovnikov. Lub monument nyhav 4 tons thiab muaj ib tug qhov siab ntawm 4.5 meters.

Nyob rau hauv Pereslavl teem Dolgoruky bust. Nws yog tsim raws li ib tug monument ntawm Moscow, ua hauj lwm Orlov. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Goritsky Monastery, qhov twg nws thauj los ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv 1963.

Lub monument Yuriyu Dolgorukomu nyob rau hauv Dmitrov tsim Tserkovnikov. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub historic square, uas yog surrounded los ntawm qhov seem ntawm tus ancient Kremlin tom ntej no mus rau lub Cathedral ntawm lub Assumption. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej-cia. Raws li Legend, lub monument twb ntsia tau rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg nws kwv yees cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tub.

Temples ua Yuriem Dolgorukim

Tag nrho chroniclers sau cov zoo siab ntawm tus tub huabtais. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus castles thiab lub zos, koj yuav nrhiav tau ntau yam temples ua rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Ntawm cov neeg, hais txog tej uas neeg ua tim khawv tau dim, yog cov nram qab no: Hloov Hlo Cathedral (Pereslavl), Boris thiab Gleb Koom Txoos (Kideksha), St. George Cathedral (Vladimir), lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej (Suzdal), Cathedral ntawm lub Nativity (Suzdal) .

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Lub keeb neeg ntawm tus tub huabtais yog heev contradictory. Greed, kev phem heev, authoritativeness - sijhawm uas muaj ib tug tag nrho Yuri Dolgoruky. Biography piav tsis tau tsuas yog cov nta. Nws kuj yog ib tug nyob deb-sighted politician uas to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib tug zoo-fortified ciam teb rau lwm tsis tau tsuas yog nrog nyob sib ze lub xeev, tab sis kuj ntawm lub principalities ntawm Kievan Rus '. Heev nquag thiab pious yog Yuri Dolgoruky. Biography sau los ntawm ntau tus sau phau, tau paub tseeb hais tias qhov no - ob peb npaj siab mus ntes tus tub huabtais lub rooj huas tias nyob rau hauv Kiev, yog tej lub nroog ntawm Bulgaria, lub hauv paus thiab lub strengthening ntawm lub zos, kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm txhua yam, tus tub huabtais tseem tshuav ib tug tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus - ntau txoj thiab pawg ntseeg tseem nyob ua ib ke. Thiab qhov tseeb hais tias lub peev thiab cov boyars tsis nyiam lub reign ntawm tub huabtais - yog to taub. Ces tus rulers heev nyob rau lub boyars, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, twb displeasing rau cov neeg uas muaj qhov kev txiav txim thiab imperiousness. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Rostov-Suzdal nqi zog tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws nco ntsoov hais tias nrog kev ris txiaj. Tom qab tag nrho, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Polovtsian thiab Bulgars ncaav raws nraim Yuri Dolgoruky.