Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka, ua rau, yuav tshwm ntawm cov kev tshwm sim

Thaum kov yeej tag nrho Middle East thiab Tuam Tshoj, Genghis Khan xa nws peb tumens, nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Subedeya thiab Jochi Khan, scout lub cheeb tsam dag tshaj lub Caucasus. Tatar-Mongolian pab tub rog ntsib nrog lub Polovtsian pab tub rog, uas yeej los ntawm lawv. Seem Polovtsian retreated thoob plaws lub Dnieper, uas xa mus rau Lavxias teb sab princes.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm kuj zoo kawg tswv yim princes nws twb tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv 1223, uas nws tau txiav txim siab los muab cov tub rog kev pab Polovtsian Khan Kotyanom. Princes tej thaj chaw deb, sab qaum teb thaj tsam ntawm Russia kom muaj Polovtsian tsis kam. Lub bout tau txiav txim siab los muab rau tus Polovtsian av. Cov tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug kev txiav txim siab thiab pib lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka. United Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog coj los ntawm Mstislav Kievsky, Mstislav lub Bold thiab Mstislav Chernigovsky. Nrog tshaj Mongolian detachments thawj fights pib tam sim ntawd tom qab hla tus Dnieper. Lub Mongols tsis tau koom kev sib ntaus thiab retreated rau yim hnub. Thaum txoj kev ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog thaiv ib tug me me dej Kalka, ib tug council ua tsov ua rog tau raug tsa, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov thawj coj ntawm kev tsis sib haum. Mstislav Kievsky sib cav txog kev uas yuav tsum muaj txuj ci, thiab Mstislav lub Bold xav sib ntaus.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka pib Tej zaum 31, 1223. Tub huabtais Mstislav lub Bold, tshuaj ntsuam lub Mongolian camp, nws txiav txim siab hais tias nws nyob ib leeg tiv nrog cov yeeb ncuab. Chiv, tom tsim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua yog tig mus rau Lavxias teb sab, tab sis lub Mongols hais txog ib tug loj lub tshuab tsis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug Galician None nrog nws retinue, thiab nyob rau sab laug tis ntawm cov Polovtsian. Nomads, tsis tau withstand lub onslaught ntawm ib tug haib, pib thim rov qab puas ntsoog. Khiav Polovtsian cavalry tsis meej pem rau ibyam ntawm Lavxias teb sab warriors, npaj txhij rau kev txiav txim, uas tam sim ntawd pib puav ib ncig lub Mongols. Qhov teeb meem no yuav tseem txuag tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev, tab sis uas tau tsav los ntawm resentment nyob rau Galician tub vaj ntxwv, nws tsis tau ntaus lub flank ntawm lub Tatars. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog outnumbered Mongolian, tab sis lub fragmentation ntawm pab pawg thiab ignominious davhlau Polovtsy coj mus rau lub crushing yeej ntawm Russia.

Mstislav Kievsky ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm ib lub toj, nyob qhov twg rau peb hnub ntse repelled tag nrho cov tawm tsam ntawm lub Tatar pab tub rog. Ces tus Mongols tau mus rau lub ua kom yuam kev, tus thawj coj ntawm roamers Ploskinya nwj tus ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev, qhia rau nws tias tus Tartars tso tawm tag nrho ntawm lawv tej tsev, yog hais tias lawv muab lawv cov caj npab. Yielding mus rau lub entreaties, Mstislav surrendered, tab sis lub Mongols tsis tau nws lo lus. Tag nrho cov zoo tib yam cov tub rog coj mus ua qhev, thiab cov princes thiab generals muab nyob rau hauv ib tav, uas zaum rau tsiab peb caug, npav lub yeej. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kalka tau ua tiav tsis pub dhau peb hnub.

Mongolian troops sim los mus nyob rau lub offensive rau hauv av Chernigov nqi zog, tab sis thaum confronted nrog rau cov thawj fortified nroog - Novgorod Seversky, retreated rov qab mus rau hauv lub steppe. Yog li, lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Kalka Mongols pub mus nqa tawm ib txhij txhua reconnaissance. Lawv menyuam lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, tab sis nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qhia txog Genghis Khan tau tseem ceeb cov tsis muaj kev sib sau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab princes. Thaum lub sij hawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm Batu Khan rau Russia nyob rau hauv 1239 nyob rau fragmentation ntawm Rus 'nqi zog nws twb lug siv los ntawm lub Mongols.

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka dej tsom lub txim ntawm kev tsis muaj kev sib haum. Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tau raug kev txom nyem loj loj losses, tau rov qab mus tsev tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib feem kaum ntawm cov tub rog. Tua ntau noble warriors thiab princes. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka Lavxias teb sab princes tsom lub hwj chim ntawm tus tshiab tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis zaj lus qhia twb kawm thiab lub tom ntej 16 xyoo muaj qhov ntxeem tau ntawm lub Mongol-Tatar hordes nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws tub ceevxwm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Russia yuav luag ob thiab ib tug ib nrab centuries.