Tuvan lus: ib nyuag keeb kwm thiab tam sim no raws li txoj cai

Zog ntawm Guj kuj yeej ib txwm tau ib tug multi-ethnic lub teb chaws, uas yog tam sim no lub tsev mus rau ntau tshaj li ob puas sib txawv. Txawm hais tias official yam lus thoob plaws hauv lub xeev yog Lavxias teb sab, txhua txhua haiv neeg yeej muaj txoj cai tswj thiab tsim lawv cov hom lus. Tuvan lus, faib mas nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Tyva, yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem complex thiab nyob rau tib lub yeeb yuj lus ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

General yam ntxwv

Tuvan lus belongs rau lub Turkic pab pawg neeg, uas yog genealogically nws yog hais txog Kazakh, Tatar, Azerbaijani, thiab ib co lwm tus neeg.

Keeb kwm lub Turkic haiv neeg tsawm nyob rau hauv lub loj lub teb chaws los ntawm Tuam Tshoj rau teb chaws Europe, subjugating zos coob thiab assimilate nws. Turkic lus yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam, tab sis tag nrho lawv qhia ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm niam ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab nruab nrab kab (a, e, u, o), nrog rau ob npaug thiab cov loj heev ntawm suffix derivation txoj kev.

Lub lexical ib feem ntawm lub Tuva muaj ib tug tseem ceeb lub cev ntawm borrowings los ntawm Mongolian, Lavxias teb sab thiab Tibetan.

Tuvan cov tsiaj ntawv nyob xwb nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Tus thawj tsab ntawv no yog tsim raws li cov Latin cov tsiaj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1941, cov tsiaj ntawv twb dhau mus rau lub Cyrillic cov tsiaj ntawv, uas corresponded rau qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub tsoom fwv ntawm lub USSR los ua ib tug tib tsab ntawv mus rau tag nrho cov republics.

Tuvan lus muaj official raws li txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Tuva, tab sis kuj nws yog hais nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Mongolia. Tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj 200 txhiab. Media.

Yog nws tau mus kawm lub Tuvan lus

Rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm ib yam lus yog ib tug theej nyuaj ua hauj lwm. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm Lavxias teb sab, nyob rau hauv Tuva thiab cov Tuvan paub, nyuam qhuav ntau tshaj ib feem pua. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov lus no yog zoo dua rau kawm rau cov neeg uas muaj me ntsis acquaintance nrog rau lwm cov Turkic lus, xws li Kazakh.

Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tuvan tsis tau mus rau ib tug nyob deb Tuva, yooj yim kev txawj ntse, koj yuav tau txais koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb pab thiab cov phau ntawv kawm.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias txawm lub fact tias Tuvan cov tsiaj ntawv nyob tsawg tshaj li ib xyoo dhau los, tus qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov lus Lavxias teb sab linguists pib piav qhia txog ib tug ib nrab-xyoo pua ua ntej lub advent ntawm Tuvan sawvdaws.

Nws yog tam sim no ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau fwm ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub monograph F. G. Iskhakova thiab AA Palmbaha, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1961. Nyob rau hauv no nyeem koj yuav saib tau lub phonetics thiab morphology ntawm Tuvan.

Cov nyuam qhuav luam tawm phau ntawv kos Bicheldeya "Talk Tuvan". Qhov no tutorial yog aimed ntawm cov neeg uas yog cia li pib kawm cov lus. Nws muaj ce, lub ntsiab ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv thiab phonetics, cov lo lus thiab kev xaiv cov raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm newcomer me nyuam kawm ntawv.

Ib txhia lus thiab cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Tuvan

Linguists raug muab faib ua plaub dialects ntawm cov lus: sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj, hnub poob, central, thiab lub thiaj li hu ua Todzha. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov zajlus lus yog muab tso rau central lub suab hais lus. Hais tias nws luam tawm phau ntawv, periodicals, thiab cov khoom TV cov kev pab cuam.

Ntawm no yog ib co Tuvan lus uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv txhua hnub kev sib txuas lus.

Tuva lus dictionaries

Tam sim no, muaj ntau ntau yam dictionaries Tuvan lus. Nyob rau hauv Internet muaj txawm tias ib tug ob peb online txhais lus. Txawm li cas los, muaj tseem tseem yog ib tug classic ntawm luam ntaub ntawv.

Raws li ib lub cuab tam rau kev kawm cov lus yuav qhia Tuvan-Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv txhais lus, edited los ntawm ER Tenisheva. Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1968, nyob tab sis tseem authoritative ob tus xov tooj ntawm sau cov ntaub ntawv uas (ntau tshaj 20 txhiab. Lo lus) thiab rau tus txhais lus los txoj kev tseem ceeb.

Cov neeg uas xav nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov lus, tej zaum yuav pab tau multi-volume etymological phau ntawv txhais lus, tso ua ke los ntawm cov linguist B. I. Tatarintsevym.

Tuvan ntaub ntawv

Paj Huam thiab prose nyob rau hauv no nthuav lus zoo nkaus li ncaw, tab sis, tseem muaj nqis mentioning ib co Tuvan sau ntawv: Sagan-ool VS Mongush DB Olchey-ool MK, BD Hovenmey Tuvan ntaub ntawv pib mus rau tom qab creation ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, uas yog, nrog lub 30-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Yog hais tias koj nyob nraum xav li cas suab paj huam Tuvan Tuvan lus, peb yuav nrhiav tau ib tug paj huam rau hauv Internet. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov chaw "sau phau ntawv cov khoom siv Xyuas" los yog "Vkontakte". Nyob rau hauv lub tsev sau muaj tej hauj lwm ntawm las mas Ooredii ntawm Rome thiab ntau lwm yam niaj hnub sau ntawv, lovers hauv lawv teb chaws thiab xav kom pab txhawb lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai.

Tuva tsoom fwv yog sim txhua txoj kev uas txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hom lus, vim hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm muaj Tuvan zuj zus lawm txhua txhua xyoo, thiab Lavxias teb sab yog tsis tshua muaj npaum li cas li txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov lus no vim nws complexity.

Music ntawm Tuva

Tuvan nkauj muaj melodies, lub teb chaws yeeb yuj thiab feem ntau zoo li ancient shamanic chants. Neeg nyiam heev ntawm pej xeem cov motifs yuav tsum mloog Hoonah raug mob thiab Chilchilgina .. Rau cov neeg uas xav pop-chanson style thiab txaus siab rau Nachyn, Ayan Sedip thiab Andrian Kuna Siirin.

Cov lwm kawm musicians yuav paub qhov txawv Shyngyraa, Skipper daim phiaj, Ertine Mongush, Chincha Samba thiab Igor Ondara thiab Kherel Mekper-ool. Nrhiav cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov ntxias yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv kev tes hauj lwm thiab nyob rau tshwj xeeb websites. Txawm li cas los, yuav tau npaj rau lub fact tias cov Tuvan songs, txawm tag nrho ntawm pop los yog chanson, txawv nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag thiab atherosclerosis ntawm thaj suab paj nruag.